Report: Analysing Organisational Behaviour at A David & Corporation

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of A David & Corporation. It begins by examining how organisational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance, utilising Handy's Culture Typology and French and Raven's power types. The report then evaluates content and process theories of motivation, focusing on Vroom's expectancy theory, and explores motivational techniques to achieve organisational goals. Furthermore, it discusses the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams. Finally, the report applies these concepts and philosophies to a given business situation, offering strategic recommendations for A David & Corporation to improve its organisational effectiveness, employee motivation and overall performance.

Organisational
Behaviour

INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance....................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and a given business situation..................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is related the behavioural study of individuals in an
organisation. In this effective form of individual behaviour has been evaluated as the manner in
which they communicate in organisational premises (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011). Thus, in
order to encourage individual behaviour leaders and manager holds numerous responsibilities to
effectively analyse behaviour of their workforce individual as assign roles and responsibilities
according to their actual skills and competencies. It further helps in improving organisational
overall performance and productivity. In this present report, A David & Corporation culture has
been evaluated in well defined way. Company engaged in the services of offering products
which include fresh fruits and seasonable vegetables at wholesale prices. In this present report,
formative discussions have been made on, influence of power, culture and politics on
organisational behaviour. In addition with this, report include content and process theory of
motivation which helps leaders and managers to make best effective decisions.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
Organisational culture includes different types of elements which are related to believes,
assumptions, values and the manner of interaction. All these factors contribute on organisation
psychological and social environment culture. Culture lead towards affecting organisational
workforce behaviour and performance. Thus, it become essential for A David & Corporation to
take advantage of best effective strategies in order to create positive culture environment in
workplace organisation. As to determine cultural aspects Handy's culture typology is being
defined in best effective manner.
Handy’s Culture typology
This model mainly includes four distinguished culture that influence organisational
behaviour. Handy's Culture typology was founded by Charles handy. Model is being further
defined:
Power culture:
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As per according to this factor, it has been determined that power in an organisation hold
by few individuals. They have the formative responsibility to formulate decision in context with
business day to day operations. In the organisational culture of A David & Corporation power
culture lead towards creating demotivating environment that will further hamper performance
and behaviour of company employee.
Role culture:
Role culture states that, in an organisational culture rules and regulations must require to
be strictly followed. As per according to this, organisation leads toward creating a culture in
which they want to make every individual to effectively understand about their formative roles
and responsibilities (Jansen and Samuel, 2014). Role culture includes power which is recognized
according to a person position. This culture helps A David & Corporation manager to delegate
organisation roles and responsibilities to every individual accordingly to their skills. Further this
culture will also benefit employees to increase efficiency of their performance in best effective
manner.
Task culture:
In this factor, organisations frame team culture in their organisational workplace as to
specify task roles and objectives in well defined manner in order to effectively achieve in well
devised time manner. In context wit A David & Corporation managers can take advantage of
task culture and make their employees work in a team in order to fulfil company specified goals
in best effective manner. Managers can formulate team in which they can combine individuals of
same interest and specialisations as to accomplish company goals in innovative manner. This
will encourage employees’ performance that will simultaneously increase productivity and
profitability of organisation.
Person culture:
In person culture, in organisation individuals consider themselves as a superior as
compared to organisation. Along with this, individuals tend towards having more concerned
nature about them rather than on organisation. With the presence of this culture in A David &
Corporation creation of a environment can build in which organisational employees will only
work for money prospective rather than to be effectively committed with organisation.
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According to the above defined report, I have determined that task culture will effectively
benefit A David & Corporation to manage their daily basis activities in best effective way in
order to accomplish predetermined goals and objectives in perfect frame of time. Along with
this, in this team formation will further benefit to increase efficiency of each and every
individual in order to achieve organisational gaols in best effective manage. Task culture also
lead towarda offering advantages to company which is related to coordination and trust that will
further create healthy and positive working environment.
Organisational power
Power is a formative ability which is hold by an individual that allows them to influence
individual activities and behaviour. In context with A David & Corporation French and Raven
power is being consider by company in order to effectively determine impact of power on an
organisation.
French and ravens power types:
This model was coined by John R.P French and Bertram H. Raven in the year 1959. It
further segregates power in various forms of segments that is described below in well-defined
manner:
Legitimate power:
Legitimate power is being hold by an individual as per the job position. In this, punishing
and rewarding comes under the category of lawful conducts. Legitimate power allows A David
& Corporation manager to control their employees in an authoritative manner.
Reward power:
This power provides an authority to an individual in which they are allowed and authorise
to reward an individual according to the level of their performance. Reward power benefit A
David & Corporation managers to offer various types of rewards to their employees according to
their performance level. This will lead towards increase in efficiency of employees and rise in
overall productivity of organisation.
Coercive power:
In Coercive power organisation management make their employees to accomplish a task
with a force that will further create different types of issues. Coercive power within A David &
Corporation lead towards creating unhealthy and dissatisfaction among employee's that will
surely impact on their performance and behaviour.
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Expert power:
In this factor, leaders can take formative advantage of knowledge and in-depth
information as to accomplish roles and responsibilities in well-defined manner. With the help of
Expert power leaders of A David & Cooperation can build trust and respect factor in their
employees in order to perform a task in best effective manner.
Referent power:
In Referent power leaders are determined as role model due to charm and administration
in within their leadership style. This form of power will aid A David & Cooperation to individual
interest can be lead towards in an effective way. Along with this, it further aid leader to
efficiently influence team member behaviour in order to improve behaviour and performance of
their tea member in best effective manner.
According to the above mentioned analysis, it has been evaluated by me that by effective
consideration of reward power will benefit A David & Cooperation to effectively encourage and
influence their team members towards high end efficiency. As with the help of this power both
leaders and managers can effectively offer different types of motivating elements to their
employees as to increase level of their performance. This will further benefit company to gain
good amount of profitability and productivity.
Chanlat’s characteristics of political behaviour
As per according to this model, there are mainly three forms in which political behaviour
is categorised that consist, structural, personal and decisional. In this manager consider workers
qualities in context with utilizing political power during the process of selection. In relation with
A David & Cooperation company is required to effectively consider Machiavellian as main
dimension of political behaviour. With the help of this leaders can effectively frame best
effective decision which will further contribute in organisation overall development.
Hofstede culture dimension model
Hofstede culture dimension model is mainly applied to analyse cross cultural activities
which can influence business activities of the firm. It is explained under 5 aspects which are
mentioned below:
 Power distance: According to this dimension, staff power influence organisational
culture in positive as well as negative way. Therefore, this is need for higher authorities
to handle power among various workers according to its abilities to used it n effectual
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way. Inequality in power distance can develop disputes among staff so respective firm
need to allot task as well as accountability to people so that workers are treated equally
from administration.
 Masculinity vs. Femininity: According this aspect, organisational culture can be
categorise as per the basis of two different dimension as female an male. Masculinity
explain ruling nature, practical approach etc. Where as Femininity explain kind,
passionate ruling nature over staff. As A David & Corporation, femininity will be more
appropriate which will aids them to develop comfortable surroundings in company for
new staff.
 Individualism vs. Collective: This component depends upon interest of people in
organisation which strongly rely upon team work or its individuals performance. Both
aspects depends upon company's surroundings which influence working practices of
staff. Collective approach mainly highlights team work which aids in enhancing profit
and profitability within organisation. Therefore, in context of A David & Corporation,
this will most advantageous which will help in facilitating more outputs for its efforts.
 Uncertainty Avoidance Index: This is considered as the situation in which staff of A
David & Corporation revert on unforeseen as well as unusual situation. Within it workers
culture of respective company are judged by its tolerance level. The employees
performance in firm required to avoid such circumstances and perform on adjustments
that aids in attainment of objectives.
 Long term orientation: This is considered as culture in which staff concentrate upon long
term relation in firm as well as attaining its set goals. The workers performing in A
David & Corporation required to focus on creation of its image into company.
 Indulgence vs. Restraint: Both the aspects are opposite to one another as indulgence
shows that few firm permit people to leads relatively free as well as having fun while
performing any task. Where as restraint approach explain limited nature that depends
upon strict regulation. In context of A David & Corporation, administration need to
comply indulgence approach so that it can sustain staff easily for longer period.
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TASK 2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation acts as one of the most essential element which helps an organisation to
increase efficiency of their employees in best effective way along with increase in their overall
level of their productivity (Evaluation and Explanation of Theories on Motivation, 2018). Thus,
in order to effectively stimulate work efficiency of their workforce A David & Corporation
management is require to effectually adopt numerous set of theories which is further defined
below in descriptive manner.
Process Theory
This theory defines numerous set of ideas that can be adopted by an organisation as to
implement change in their organisational structure. In process theory there are different types of
aspects are included such as, Skinner reinforcement, Vroom expectancy theory, Adams equity
theory and more. With the help of all these significant theories can prove to be effective for A
David & Corporation but organisation choose Vroom expectancy theory in order to motivate and
encourage their employees in best effective manner.
Illustration 1: Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation
(Source: Vroom's expectancy theory of motivation, 2017)
Vroom expectancy theories:
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Vroom expectancy theory allow management of A David & Corporation to effectively
formulate best formative relationship with each and individual in an organisation as to
accomplish desired set of objectives. Primary motive that has been hold by this theory include a
manner in which employees are determined as to make them select best effective form of
suitable options among wide range of actions. Vroom expectancy theories mainly include, three
different elements such as, expectancy in this section company is required to frame best effective
targets and goals along with having faith on their workforce. Second factor is related to
instrumental which hold expectations of employees after they have accomplished their objectives
and goals which is mainly required to be fulfilled in best effective way. In order to fulfil
expectations of their workforce it is important for A David & Corporation to effectively engage
in the process of evaluating actual need of their employees as to reward them in best effective
manner. In addition with this end factor is related to valence within which management of A
David & Corporation hold certain set of responsibility which is related to ensuring that rewards
that has been offered to employees are being exact valued. This will effectively benefit company
to influence and encourage employees and fulfil organisational objectives by offering different
types of monetary and non-monetary terms.
Adam's equity theory:
This describes that people get motivated if they are treated equally as well as obtain what
they prefer for their cost and effort. This particular theory was introduced by Adams and is based
on social exchange theory. According to this, people are compared their efforts towards task,
cost of their action and benefits that will results to contribute and benefits of reference
individuals. Therefore, in A David and corporations the employees put efforts in its performance
such as energy, experiences and so on. Thus, this expects the results consequently. Like
incentives, bonus etc. this theory in not so much effectual in respect of A David and
corporations as it staff retention percentage is good as well as if they will treat some workers
fairly then another will obtain will get demotivated.
Content Theory
Content theory consist numerous set of theories that include, Alderfer-ERG, Herzberg-
Two factor and Maslow's theory. All these theories effectively aid A David & Corporation to
efficiently manage performance of their employees by motivating them in best effective manner
but company take use of Maslow Hierarchy needs:
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Maslow theory
Abraham Maslow founded this theory in 1943. It consist numerous set of elements which
an individual seeks for. This theory includes five factors that is required by A David &
Corporation to consider in best effective way. Some of the main factors include the need of,
food, shelter and cloth. Thus, it is the basic responsibility for A David & corporation manager to
effectively evaluate each and every need in order to offer them compensation accordingly. In this
theory, second need is related to safety need in which an individual seek, security and freedom
from threat, job security and security from threats, it becomes essential for a David and
corporation to effectively offer a safe working environment to the workforce as to increase their
work efficiency and satisfaction level. In addition with this social need in this factor states the
need of friendship, trust, affection and acceptance. In relation to this company is required to
ensure that the workers are working in a peaceful environment and there is a formative sense of
coordination prevailing in their workplace, for this company can also arrange picnic, movie and
other form of social gathering. Along with this self esteem needs state that an individual needs
Prestige and respect, for this manager are required to concern towards their employees’
performance and offer reward according to that. Self actualization needs consists of person
desirability for grow, for this A David and corporations is necessary to analyse set of actions
with the help of which they can make targeted goals and objectives for their employees in order
to increase their efficiency.
Herzberg's Motivation Theory
This is considered as the dual factor model that was given by Frederick Herzberg in year
1959. the factors which are involved in this theory are mentioned below:
Motivational factors: Motivational factor of A David and corporations facilitates optimistic
satisfaction to staff. These factors mainly encourage workers to perform harder as well as attain
the expected objectives. This involves:
 Meaningfulness of work: The work provided to employees at A David and corporations is
meaningful, interesting and challenging to perform at their best and remain motivated.
 Growth: Huge opportunities are provided by A David and corporations for growth and
advancement of employees which motivate them to perform.
Hygiene factor: These are those job factor that is significance for motivation existence at work
area. This mainly explains the job environment of respective firm. This factors involve:
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 Physical Work: A David and corporations have safe, clean and hygienic working
conditions. The work equipments are well-maintained and updated. Interpersonal Relation: The relationship of employees with superiors are appropriate and
acceptable. There is no conflict or humiliation element present inside the organisation.
 Fringe Benefits: At A David and corporations employees are are offered health care and
other such programmes.
TASK 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
It is essential for an organisation to make their employees work in a team as to increase
their work efficiency along with effectiveness of organisation. Team includes different set of
people those who perform their roles in effective manner towards same goal. Thus, it is essential
for A & David incorporation to frame team as per the requirement of target which is mentioned
below:
Effective team:
In this type of team roles and responsibilities are effectively cleared to each and every
employee In addition with this team include effective form of communication with the help of
which effects and other related issues are resolved in best manner (Elstad, Christophersen, and
Turmo, 2012). Effective form of decision is also one of the most essential factors that prevail in
effective team. With the help of formative communication trust on partners generated that will
further help in high efficiency outcomes.
Ineffective team:
This team lacks in clarified goals and objective as in this poor openness and community
are provided. In this type of team there is a less tolerance of team members that lead to words
creating situations of conflicts that lead towards poor outcomes. In addition with this roles and
responsibilities are not define to team members that will it towards ineffective and low level
performance.
Tuckman model to make effective team:
Tuckman model to make effective team helps A David and cooperation to take advantage
of five different stages of development which is included in this model. This model was framed
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