Organisational Behaviour Report: Impact of Culture, Motivation & Teams

This report analyzes organizational behaviour within A David & Co Limited, a food and beverages company. It explores how organizational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behaviour and performance, including reward and coercive power dynamics. The report evaluates content theories of motivation, such as Maslow's Hierarchy, Alderfer's ERG theory, McClelland's theory, and Herzberg's two-factor theory, alongside process theories like Skinner's reinforcement and Vroom's expectancy theory, to assess their impact on goal achievement. It also contrasts the factors that contribute to effective versus ineffective teams, highlighting the importance of clear goals, communication, and member reliance. The report provides insights into how companies can improve team performance and employee motivation, and how to create a positive work environment.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 How an organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour
and performance.....................................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Evaluating how content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context..................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Explaining the factors makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.........8
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
context and a given business situation..................................................................................10
CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour(OB) is the study of the way people interact within groups. This is
the study of human behaviour in company settings process. OB is the process under which it
examines employees behaviour, workforce performance, motivation level, incentives, team
buildings and office environments etc. Present study will be based on Organisation behaviour of
A David & Co limited. It is the Food & Beverages company situated in UK. Further, report will
be analysing the work culture, politics or power of team behaviour and performance. Besides, it
also evaluates the importance of content and process theories of motivation techniques that
enable effective achievement of goals within the working culture. The main purpose of this
report is to critically evaluate the importance of work culture and how they influenced to
effective work performances.
TASK 1
P1 How an organisation culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.
Power and politics play a huge role in business from governing how decisions are made
to how employees interact with one another. Culture, politics and power influence with one
another (Christina and et. al., 2014). Further, it depends on the employees positive and negative
behaviour in the workplace.
Organisation Reward Power
This types of power helps to motivate employees towards the best performances. Reward
power involves productivity or encouraging people towards the positive work environment. On
the other hand, positive power also influence employee towards making good decision making,
rewarding employees for strong performance. In order to build-up the positive work culture at A
David & Co limited HR manager needs to increase positive work environment. Reward power
also influence employee confidence, motivation to work in more appropriate manner.
Organisation Coercive Power
This type of power generally creates threat to make people arrogant and negative.
Contrary, negative power always creates disrespect among employees within work place.
Negative types of leaders are always creates threatening among others. This overall culture affect
the team behaviour and working performance of an employee.

Organisational Politics
Politics refers to influence employees either in positive way or negative as well. Good
leaders are engage employees with positive activities. Contrary negative leaders are always make
improper working environment. Politics is the other influencing factor that affect overall team
behaviour in the company. Politics are also further divided into two forms positive as well as
negative. Positive politics influence workers into right direction (Clay-Williams and Braithwaite,
2015). Leaders are always interested to take initiates into further processes of the company, it
helps to make positive politics. Those leaders help to others in their critical situation. Such as
make clear policies and chains of command and its easier for employees to find the answers they
need and spend more time on producing quality work. This would help to discourage the better
employment work productivity. In spite of that, negative workplace politics that contains
negative environment and conflicts which creates destructive politics within the working
environment. Wrong behaviour, or unproductive behaviour discourage employees productivity
level. That creates low performing work environment in A David & Co limited (Coccia and
Cadario, 2014). Negative factors includes, wrong guidelines or direction given to employees.
Besides, positive factors are to be good leader to make good directions for their subordinates.
Organisational Culture
According to Handy culture model where they discussed about Power, role, task and
person. A David & Co limited needs to adopt this cultural model that helps to make the proper
leading roles. Culture is the another significant influencing factor that affect employees into their
working performance. Basically, role of culture involves values, behaviour towards working
performance. Work culture defines the importance of beliefs, assumptions, values and ways of
interacting with other peoples. Employees expectations with company is always very high. This
helps them to reinvest into the work in more productive manner. In spite of that, negative culture
influenced workers towards disinterest for their work due to which inefficiency has been
showing within all team employees. So this is the another factor that affect team employees and
behaviour in terms of good manner. Role of positive working culture helps to be motivated,
confident and happy for employees in the company. That helps to influenced overall team
behaviour performance at A David & Co limited. Besides, A David & Co limited company
culture is friendly, within working environment all employees are well communicated with each
other. That helps to create happy friendly culture (Coccia, 2014). On the other hand, rigid or

stressful culture also influenced employees towards negative direction that reduces their
productivity level.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluating how content theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Organisation motivation is the biggest term and most essential for all employees working
in the organisations. This is the term that influence employees towards right direction. It is the
challenge for managers to motivate employees to work hard in productive manner. Meeting the
all needs of employees is the big motivation for them to work effectively (Dunphy, 2016). The
concept of motivation is further divided into many theories that company needs to adopt within
their working culture.
Illustration 1: Content and Process theories
(Source : Motivational theories, 2018)

Content Theories
Content theory helps to define human needs change with time. Basically content theory
includes Maslow's needs hierarchy, Alderfer's, ERG theory, McClelland's achievement
motivation and Herzberg two factor theory.
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory
This theory of motivation described the basic needs of an employee of David & Co
limited that helps to be motivated always at work place (Gabriel and et.al., 2015). This theory
based on pyramid style with includes basic needs at the bottom and the most complex need at the
top. It helps to understood the basic needs of an individual that helps him to keep motivated at
workplace. At first physiological needs such as survive, air, water, food without which human
being can not exist. If someone missing any of the needs in her life. He/she would never be
motivated or happy. Safety and security is the another need which is also very important for
employees to be motivates and attentive towards organisation goals (Hashim and Wok, 2014).
This needs refer to person desires for security or protection. Belongingness and love is the
another step of needs in which love, affection desires are included. A David & Co limited needs
to create informal culture among employees so that, employees can make friends or make good
relationship with other. This type of working culture can helps to full fill A David & Co limited
goals and objectives. Self esteem need refers to respect, value and appreciated by others. This
needs have to fulfilled by working place to get more confident and motivates towards work
(Kitchin, 2017). Self actualization is the another individual need or desire of an individual
person. In which includes opportunities, challenging positions, creative tasks etc. this overall
needs helps to be motivates and do best work in within organisation culture.

(Source: Maslow's Theory of motivation,2018)
Alderfer's ERG theory
This is the another motivation theory given by Alderfer's, he described theory into three
steps existence, relatedness and growth. These three steps would be very helpful to create
motivated environment within employees of David & Co limited. That helps to full fill the
organisation goals and objectives. Existence needs basically includes material necessities such as
physiological and physical safety needs (Moerdyk and et.al., 2015). Besides, relatedness needs
includes family, relationship with peers, supervisors etc. on the other hand, growth needs
includes self development, personal growth in David & Co limited etc. these all needs would
helpful to create effective working environment within A David & Co limited.
McClelland theory
This is the another content theory that might be more useful and effective for A David &
Co limited. This theory basically divided into three factors achievement, affiliation and power.
This three effective motivators encourage employees to work harder and productively.
Achievement motivator helps to accomplish individual self esteem needs (Reb and Atkins, eds.,
Illustration 2: Maslow's Theory of motivation

2015). Affiliation accomplish employees belongingness and relatedness that helps him to be
happy and satisfied. Besides, power helps to control on one's another work level in David & Co
limited.
Herzberg two factor theory
This theory of motivation describes two motivating factors that is motivating and
hygiene. This factor helps to define through which factor David & Co limited employees get
motivated. Hygiene factor includes company policy and administration, salary, interpersonal
relationship, working conditions etc. besides, motivational factors includes achievements,
recognition, advancement and responsibility. By adopting this theory of motivation would help
company to make good changes in the working environment (Schyns, 2015).
Process Theories
Process theories are mainly includes Skinner's reinforcement theory, Vrooms's
expectancy theory, Adam's equity theory.
Skinner's reinforcement theory
This motivational theory of process says the positive and negative reinforcement. This
theory helps to describe the positive factors through employee get happy and satisfied such as
praise, appreciation, good remark, trophy, money etc. Skinner's reinforcement theory helps
employees to develop new effective employee goals and better performing channels in David &
Co limited.
Vroom's Expectancy theory
This is the another expectancy theory places an emphasis on the process and on the
content of motivation as well (Shore and Wright, 2015). And it integrates needs and equity
reinforcement theories. This theory defines how employees of explains choose from the
available actions. Victor Vroom's that affect the leading goals. This theory helps to define the
better goal oriented process. This theory helps to full fill all needs of employees through which
they easily motivated towards work effectively.
Motivational Techniques
 Create positive outcomes or working environment
 Motivate employees towards positive work
 Share profit and give employees different benefits.
 Provide training & development in David & Co limited

 Recognize achievements with employees of David & Co limited.
TASK 3
P3 Explaining the factors makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
In the working environment or an organisation team members are highly crucial and
essential for a company. Team is made up with different number of employees that helps to
contribute in best performing goals. It helps to keep the company goal exist. Effective team
always been great full towards their work in order to ensure company objectives and task
performing goals. They are more focused towards negative things in within the working
environment. While, effective team making efforts towards accomplish work targets on the basis
of making day to day plans (Schyns, 2015). There are giving some factors that helps to make
effective team :
 In the company if members are relied on each other. This also helps to control the better
goal performance leading charges. Effective members are also very much effective
interns of better resourceful goal. Contrary, ineffective team are always considered the
wrong path to accomplish the given goals.
 Ideal size and membership growth is the another sign of effective goals. Effective team
always take less time to accomplish level of work. Contrary, ineffective team always take
long time or make ineffective working environment.
 Effective team always have clear purposes or goals to understand and accept the team's
goal and their role on the team (Shore and Wright, 2015). On the other side, ineffective
team has always in vague and unclear about its work.
 Ineffective team always bind itself to make clear and open communication. Contrary,
effective team members are always discussed thoughts and ideas to explore new ideas
and methods to perform the task.
 Members work better together than individually, when team members perform better as a
group than alone.
 Effective team will always make productive decision making approach. On the other
hand, ineffective team always keep itself away from decision making.
 Employees of a dysfunctional team may not carry equal status which approves the better
task performance goals (Tavri, Sayce and Hands, 2015).

 This will also help to re-control the longer process time. That affect the best reading
professional goals.
 In equal membership goals will help to re control the best leading source. That affect the
longer tankful goal between goals and makes the better impactful performances.
 Lack of cohesion, is the another reason of ineffectiveness of working form of the best
goals. Contrary effective team has always work in full coordination.
Tuck man's model for Team Development
Forming
In this process team learn to adopt challenges, learning and opportunities to develop new
goals and task. Effective group always encourage discussion on points on which they disagree
and use healthy conflict to introduce creativity and change in ideas before reaching a consensus.
Effective employee performance also pursuing common goals. Besides, ineffective team always
losing the goals with some lazy reasons (Taylor, 2017). Impressive team leaders using situational
leadership approach to resolve any conflict and company issue.
Storming
This is the second stage of model where employees needs to start sort the process itself
out and gain each other's trust. It helps to work effective team with each other. Ineffective team
always having lack of understanding or it is difficult for them to accept lack of knowledge itself.
In terms of listening effective team members are always listened to each other.
Norming
Resolved disagreement and personality clashes result in greater intimacy of co-operation
emerges. Contrary, Ineffective teams are not making any efforts towards learning process.
Overall, In decision making process, effective team members are reached by a form of consensus
in which it is clear that everybody is general agreement. Besides, ineffective team members are
always taken in improper way (Zaghini and et.al., 2017). It helps to reduce the low ineffective
goal making task.
Performing
In this model of stage helps team to work in more focused on achieving common goals.
Effective team works together solves the problem of other team members to make positive
working environment as well (Tavri, Sayce and Hands, 2015). It also helps to discover the new

building task and positivity within working place. On the contrary, ineffective team only focus
on the improper tasks or having lack of purposes.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and a given business situation.
Concept of organisational Behaviour
1. Individual differences in organisation
Organisation behaviour is based on some essential concepts of organisation which helps
to build-up the new development team effectiveness (Important concepts of organisational
behaviour, 2018). Within the organisation behaviour there are different number of employees
which has different physical attributes and qualities as well. A David & Co employees has
different learning capacity to adopt things such as memorize, judge, predict etc. this differences
in employees can give benefit to manager to get best out of each employees (Moerdyk and et.al.,
2015).
2. Perception of employees
This is the another concept of OB that defines each and every person perception towards
the things. One man's food might be the poison of other person. Every individual has their own
perception of things. Might be one person happy with the company or might be another does not.
So this kind of situation can be affect A David & Co working environment.
3. Motivation of employees
This would help to control the best effective learning goals. Overall, this called best
performing channels. All employees are works for an individual level that impact good manner
of performance. This make the better decision making approach and long lasting.
4. Involvement empowerment of employees
Involvement of employee would help to discover new ideas and process for achieving
goals of the objectives (Hashim and Wok, 2014). A David & Co limited employees has to be
involved in all decision making approach for getting best results. This concept of OB is also
affected many decision making approach.
5. Value of the person

This is the another concept or philosophy of the company that is required to to be more
effective and operational. Each employee wants to be at the place where they feel proud and
productive for then company. It helps to create new long term growth and best productive
channel. For an example A David & Co limited company employees wants healthy environment
that helps him to get personal attention (Moerdyk and et.al., 2015). This helps to understand
better level of employee motivation level. Overall, it gives better productivity goals and best
approachable ideological games.
6. Human Dignity
This concept is very philosophical in which employees feels that they should be treated as
full of dignity and respect weather it is from CEO or the company or labour law. A David & Co
limited should have required to adopt employees positive behaviour in order to achieve best
performing goals.
All the above concept and philosophy of OB defines the work culture that affect the
overall system goals (Kitchin, 2017). A David & Co limited also get affected from different
situations. In order to keep OB positive company needs to take different positive action goals to
make them happy and satisfied.
Path goal theory of leadership
This is the leadership theory that helps to define organisation behaviours. It also helps to
understand the basic power of leadership tools as mentioned below:
Leadership Behaviour
Directive Path goal: Motivation is very much important components in leadership and plays a
significant role in the path goal theory of leadership. In this stage leaders can motivate their
employees by helping them into achieving the goals. Directive path theory refers to situation
where the leader lets employees know what is expected of them and tells them how to perform
their tasks.
The achievements: in this situation leaders makes challenging goals for employees. And also
make them more strong to perform a particular tasks.
The participative leader behaviour: these kinds of leaders consulting with employees and take
decisions before making any decision.
Supportive leader behaviour: Supportive kinds of leaders directed towards the satisfaction of
employees.

CONCLUSION
On the basis of above report, it has been concluded that organisation behaviour is the
most essential term within the organisation that affect overall business goals. Most important
area that is highly affected from OB is employees. Present report has been based on A David &
Co limited which discussed employee behaviour towards the company objectives. It discussed
about various motivation theories for better effective performance. Besides, study also explained
about effective team performance over ineffective team members. The main purpose of the
project is to explain about the importance of work culture in A David & Co limited.

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Online

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through :<https://www.tankonyvtar.hu/hu/tartalom/tamop412A/2011-0023_Psychology/
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Important concepts of organisational behaviour. 2018. [Online]. Available
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