Organisational Behaviour Report: Employee Behaviour in Organizations

This report delves into the multifaceted aspects of organisational behaviour, analysing the influence of culture, power, and politics on employee behaviour and performance within the context of Rolls-Royce Holdings. It explores the importance of cultural awareness, Hofstede's dimensions, and the impact of globalisation and digital technology. The report examines network and system theories, organisational psychology, and the effects of organisational politics and power dynamics. Furthermore, it investigates various motivational theories, including Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and their implications for leadership and productivity. The analysis also covers the influence of behavioural models, emotional intelligence, and soft skills on individual behaviour, culminating in an assessment of effective versus ineffective teams and group development theories, alongside the concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour. This report provides a comprehensive overview of key concepts and their practical applications within an organizational setting, providing a comprehensive overview of key concepts and their practical applications within an organizational setting.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Influence of Culture, Power and Politics on Behaviour and Performance ............................3
M1 Influence of Power, Culture and Politics will affect the team behaviour and performance..6
P2 Theories and Techniques of Motivation Enable Effectiveness in Achievement of Goals.....6
M2 Influence of Behavioural Model, Theories and Concepts on Individual Behaviour.............8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
Task 2.............................................................................................................................................11
P3 Effective team opposed to ineffective teams........................................................................11
M3 Team and Group Development Theories............................................................................13
P4 Concepts and Philosophies of Organizational Behaviour....................................................14
M4 Influence of the Concepts and Philosophies on the employees behaviour-200..................14
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

TASK 1
Task 1 discuss various culture, power and politics which exists in the organization and
the manner in which it will affect the behaviour of the employees of the company. The Rolls-
Royce Holdings manufacture, design, as well as develop service integrated power systems which
is used in sea, air as well as land. The company have various segments in the organization.
P1 Influence of Culture, Power and Politics on Behaviour and Performance
Classification of Culture
Importance of Cultural-difference Awareness
 Effective communication — If organization have cultural awareness it will provide
effectiveness in communicating with different cultures people.
 Respect for Cultures — As the people communicate with every culture it will ensure
that the respect for other cultures will develop. It will help to break every barrier in the
culture.
 Promotes Leadership — Improving cultural awareness is one of the important factor for
the leaders or management. It will help them while motivating the employees and making
important decisions for the organization (Siregar, 2018).
Hofstede's Dimensions of Culture theory and application
It is a framework which is utilized while understanding the differences among various
culture across different countries. The application of this model on UK is done as below:
 Power Distance — The score of UK is 35 which shows that the country wants to
minimize the inequalities.
 Individualism — The score of UK is 89 which shows that the citizens of UK has a
mindset of private people.
 Masculinity — The score of UK is 66 which shows that the citizens of UK are focused
towards success.
 Uncertainty Avoidance — The score of UK is 35 which shows that their planning is not
oriented towards details.
 Long Term Orientation — The score of UK is 51 which tells that the dominant factors
is unable to determine.

 Indulgence — The score of UK is 69 which shows that the employees of Rolls-Royce
Holdings will have positive attitude (Peixoto, and et.al., 2018).
Influence of Rise of Globalization and Digital Technology
As the globalization and digital technology will rise it will influence the organizational
structure to change. It is because the globalized Rolls-Royce Holdings will need various
functions, department for the organization. This will increase the need of functional based
organization structure which will make it easy for the organization to deal with the other
branches of the company. Digital technology will help the Rolls-Royce Holdings to have
effective communication (Khan, and et.al., 2020).
Principles of Network and System Theory
Network theory refers to the study based on graphs which represent symmetric or ass-
symmetric relations among the discrete objects. It handles the reciprocacity, exchange or degree.
System Theory refers to the organization who are formed of various subsystems which are not in
relation to one another but then also work together for the organization. This theory helps to
understand organizational behaviour, development or change (Bal, and Dóci, 2018).
Organizational Psychology
Organizational psychology is a technique which is concern with observing the internal
cases which is related to an individual job topics as well as the manner employees interaction
with each other. This science deals with providing effectiveness to the individual as well as
organization with the help of work design as well as structure of the organization (Taniegra,
2019).
Influence of Politics
Organizational politics is defined as the self-interest as well as agenda of a person within
an organization, not having any concern related to the impact of the agenda on the objectives of
Rolls-Royce Holdings.
Personal change refers to changing the behaviour of the person based on the environment
of the company (Ferris, and et.al., 2018). Decisional change refers to the change in the decision
which will eventually support the company to conduct the activities according to the politics.
While in structural change the company change the management structure which will affect the
working of the employees. This change is affected by the politics as if company is following

divisional structure afterwards they will follow functional structure. In organizational change the
Rolls-Royce Holdings change the working pattern such as they move their production from one
product to another product.
This all changes will affect the working of the Rolls-Royce Holdings as politics is not
good for the growth of the company. It acts as a barrier in the growth of the company as politics
among the organization makes the decision-making biased. It will lower the effectiveness and
efficiency of the employees of the Rolls-Royce Holdings.
Influence of Power
Individual power have base of the confidence, competence, and strength which a person
acquire during their development. It ensures that the person will grow in the organization and
provide contribution to the success of the organization in better manner. Interpersonal
relationship power among the organization ensure that the team is motivating the other member
of the organization. It will help the organization in improving the position in the market and it
will also help to achieve their goals (Dosi, Marengo, and Virgillito, 2021). If the employees of
the Rolls-Royce Holdings have good relationship with each other it will ensure that the company
will have positive environment.
Power of Embedded structure in the company will put its focus on the manner the power
is used as well as establish the authority among the employees. This power of structure will
ensure that the Rolls-Royce Holdings will be able to achieve its goals and objectives. It is
because the employees work is divided as per their capabilities which will improve the efficiency
in the work.
Bases and Types of Power, Power Controls and Power Sources.
There are 5 types and bases which exist in an organization which are discussed further:
Legitimate Power
This type of is given to the leader of the organization by the rules established for the
company. Such as if Rolls-Royce Holdings provide leaders power to motivate the employees
appropriately then it will be considered legitimate power (Arora, and Rao, 2018).
Expert Power

This type of power comes from the experience and skills which leader posses. Such as if
Rolls-Royce Holdings leader have experience in retaining talent, then they will do things as per
their own way.
Charismatic Power
In this the leaders source of power is their own traits. Such as the leader of Rolls-Royce
Holdings have a special trait then the employees of the company will want to become like him.
Reward Power
In this leader will be providing reward based on the performance of the employees. If the
leader find someone behaviour effective then he can provide promotion or bonus to that perrson.
Coercive Power
In this leader manages the employee by fear of giving punishment. In this type of power
the employees of the company will not feel comfortable in the environment which will make
them inefficient.
M1 Influence of Power, Culture and Politics will affect the team behaviour and performance
The power, culture and politics in the Rolls-Royce Holdings will have both positive and
negative impact on the employees. The positive influence can be that it will improve the
efficiency of the employees as they will be motivated to work. This will ensure that the need of
the employees are fulfilled which will ensure that the employees will be satisfied while working
in the organization. It will ensure that the employees will have an environment where they will
be able to make decisions for the organization. There are also negative influence which can be
that the effectiveness of the employees can be decreased. Also, the employees will not be
comfortable in the working environment of the company. It will decrease the motivation of the
employees to work in the companies' environment (Paais, and Pattiruhu, 2020).
P2 Theories and Techniques of Motivation Enable Effectiveness in Achievement of Goals
Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation
Extrinsic Motivation refers to the type that happen when the employee of company is
already motivated to showing a behaviour or engagement within a task. It is because the task
lead the person to earn a reward or be away from punishment.

Intrinsic Motivation refers to the type of motivation takes place when the employee takes
part in a task only because they will get reward for the same (Fischer, Malycha, and Schafmann,
2019).
Motivational Theories
Herzberg Motivation Hygiene Theory
This theory states that there are factors which are mutually exclusive present in the
workplace which provide job satisfaction or dissatisfaction. These 2 set of factor are motivators
& hygiene factors. Motivating factor are considered to be those factors which ensure the job
satisfaction among the employees of the Rolls-Royce Holdings. They help the company to
satisfy the needs of their employees which will help them in the growth and self actualization.
The motivating factors can be advancement, possibility of growth, recognition, the work itself,
achievement and responsibility. It will ensure that the Rolls-Royce Holdings can maintain its
employees for longer period (Kotni, and Karumuri, 2018).
Hygiene factors is referred to those factors which decrease the satisfaction of job among
the employees. This helps the company to remove the health hazards factors present in the
environment. The hygiene factor includes interpersonal relations, supervision, salary, working
conditions and policies and administration of the Rolls-Royce Holdings.
Vroom's Expectancy Theory
This theory assumes that people of the company will opt for maximizing the pleasure and
minimizing pain. The theory expects that the employees of the Rolls-Royce Holdings will
perform in the manner which will lead them to the best reward or outcome. If the employees of
the company are motivated then they will be able to maintain the efficiency in their work as well
as provide effectiveness to the Rolls-Royce Holdings. The theory has only 3 variables such as
valence, expectancy and instrumentality. In expectancy employee give their efforts according to
the result they expect. In instrumental if the employee does not have belief on the result then it
will reduce their motivation. Valence considers the value of the outcome, it means that the more
value of the outcome the better the reward (Rehman, Sehar, and Afzal, 2019).
Implications of these motivational Theories

There are various positive implication of these motivational theories on the management
and leadership of the organization. The implications are discussed further:
 Need Satisfaction - These theories ensure that the needs of the employees is satisfied
which will ensure that the leadership style of the organization will change according to
the needs of the employees. It will improve the effectiveness of the employees which will
improve the profit capability of the organization (PANCASILA, HARYONO, and
SULISTYO, 2020).
 Productivity - These theories will ensure that the productivity of the employees will
increase which will improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the employees. This will
also improve the effectiveness of the employees as they also get benefits from the
organization.
 Job Satisfaction - This is one of the important implication of the theory that the
employees are satisfied with their job. It will ensure that the employee bring creativity in
the organization. This will eventually improve the effectiveness of the employee because
in a healthy environment work of the employees have quality work. For this the company
will have to adapt appropriate leadership style to support the employees work.
M2 Influence of Behavioural Model, Theories and Concepts on Individual Behaviour
Emotional Intelligence and Importance of Soft Skills
Emotional Intelligence is refers to the ability which helps to understand, manage and use
the person's emotion in positive manner. This will eventually help to relieve the stress, defuse
conflict, empathize with the others and various others. Soft skills is an attribute which is
important for the person as it helps them to interact effectively with other employees in the
organization. The importance of soft skills for managers as well as teams is mentioned further:
 Soft skills helps the managers to effectively interact with the employees and understand
their problem and it helps them to solve the problem effectively.
 It is important for the employees of an organization because it helps them to interact with
the co-workers and conduct their work in effective manner.
 This provides positive influence towards the work which ensures that the Rolls-Royce
Holdings can gain benefit.

This will eventually help the employees of the organization to make their own decisions.
As the manager of the company will be able to motivate their employees properly. It can be
evaluated that the above concepts and theories will help the manager to keep his team motivates
and improve efficiency.
Task VS Relationship Leadership and Psychodynamic Approach
Task leadership refers to that style which focus on accomplishment of the goals as well as
work in group with effectiveness. The task oriented leader of the Rolls-Royce Holdings will
focus more on task structure, meeting deadlines and various others. These leaders use
reinforcement for managing the employees' performance within an organization. This leader
understands the company's policy in better manner, and they delegate the work accurately as well
as want on-time completion.
Whereas the relationship leaders are completely opposite of the task leaders as their focus
is on supporting and accepting the employees of the company. They do not consider the
organization employees as production factors for the organization. They ensure that the both
personal and professional needs of the employees can be meet rather than work completion on
time. This type of leadership affects the organization in positive manner and create a good
environment for the employees. Their focus is on reducing the conflicts among the employees as
it will ensure that employees are satisfied with the job.
Psychodynamic approach refers to viewing the behaviour of a person which is caused
fully by factors which the person does not have any control. This is unconscious thoughts of the
person as well as feelings which will be transferred to the conscious mind in various different
forms.
This type of leaderships will support the behaviour of the employees of the Rolls-Royce
Holdings. It will help them to make their own decisions which is in favour of the company. It
will also motivate them to do their work effectively in the organization.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from this report that there are hofstede models helps us to understand the
culture of the organization in better manner. Also, there are various types of power whose source
is different which have positive and negative impact on the employees of the company. It is also

analysed that Motivation theories helps the organization to keep their employees satisfied and
improve their efficiency. It is recommended to the organization that they should adapt those
models or theories which is beneficial for both employees as well as organization. It is because if
the employees of the company are not satisfied than they will not provide effectiveness in their
work which will not be good for the growth of the organization. The company should also avoid
politics in the organization as it is not beneficial for the employees working in the organization
as they will not be able to work in such environment. This has negative impact as the decision
made by them might not be suitable for the other employees.

Task 2
This task discusses teams, concepts and philosophies which is related to the
organizational behaviour. It will also discuss various impact of theories and models on the
employees and team in a company.
P3 Effective team opposed to ineffective teams
Types of Organizational Teams
 Functional Teams — This is a type of team which is established by combining various
vertical levels which is present in the hierarchy among the functions involved in the
organization. This type of team are effective in their work as different level are working
together in the organization (Shemla, and Wegge, 2019).
 Project Teams — This team is responsible for completing different task and delivering
the plan on schedule. This team is effective in their work as they handle the main part of
the organization.
 Problem Solving Teams — The team is not permanent as they are brought together by
the senior of Rolls-Royce Holdings to focus on a certain problem and finding the way to
solve it.
Impact of Technology on Organizational Teams
There are various impact of the technology on the organizational teams as they will be
supporting as well as reducing the effectiveness of the teams. As the virtual platform makes it
easy for the team to contact with each other which will bring effectiveness in their work, while
the same platform can act as a barrier in the communication if some member of team does not
have technological skills (Hacker, and et.al., 2019). This will eventually make the team
ineffective in their work. Cloud based system is also same as virtual platform. It is because if the
person has technological knowledge he will work with the team.
Definition and difference of Group and Team
Group refers to collection of respective who cooperate with their efforts, whereas team is
known as group of people who discuss the same goal. These both create difference in decision-
making and teamwork, working group members are free from one another with individual
responsibility. As in differentiate between these two, group has only single leader while team
have more than one. In group the process in done through discussing, deciding, delegating, in
team with discuss, decide and do (Ramírez‐Mora, Oktaba and Patlán Pérez, 2020). Group

members do not share responsibility with each other as compare to teams where the every
responsibility is shared. Also, the group produces individual work products, in opposite to team
where collective work products are produced by team. These both have some similarities such as
both consist of more than two persons, interaction of members, focusing on achieving the
objective, and sharing the information and resources.
Risk and benefit of teams
The motive of teams is to collect qualified people to work effectively to get the common
goals. Teams in organizations provide many benefits to company as with facing some
challenges. Advantage and disadvantage of team can be more effective to get better results loss
of effective communication may cause risk.
 Risks : the members do not have the experience of past in working together, due to
which issues can be created assigned task of team do not give the positive outcome. In
same way loss of efficiency can be occurred as there is low decision-making procedure
by the teams in which there is lack of respond and quick action. Accordingly, Many of
the teams spend more time in planning actions (Coursey and et.al., 2018).
 Benefits : In benefits of team is building trust, employees trust do not bring the
comparative issues unnecessarily. They can also ask for help with each other when
needed. Many organization use teams as it is easier to work more efficiently rather than
people working individually. Sharing the task and work bring results in fast working in
shorter time.
Conflict Resolution
It is the way in which two or more parties finds the peaceful solution for disagreement
between them. For conflict resolution of Rolls Royce limited such methods can be used in
variety of circumstances in moving further.
 Avoiding- When the topic is changed or denying the existing problems. This style
appears when individual is uncomfortable with conflict.
 Accommodating- It is high level of concern for others and low level for individual.
 Competitive- It is also known as forcing which increase individual concern for their own
and decreases concern for other people (Väyrynen, 2019). Further, as per the
circumstances company uses both conciliation and cooperation.