Organisational Behaviour Report: Analysis of Sainsbury's (Module 12)

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of Sainsbury's, a major UK supermarket chain. The report delves into the influence of organisational culture, power dynamics, and political factors on individual and team behaviour and performance, examining various cultural models like Handy's cultural typology. It evaluates motivational theories and techniques, including Vroom's Expectancy Theory and Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, to understand how to motivate individuals and teams towards achieving goals. Furthermore, the report explores the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams, analyzing team and group development theories to maintain the development of assistance within effective teams. Finally, the report applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within the organisational and given business context of Sainsbury’s, highlighting the importance of team development and its impact on employee behaviour and overall organisational success. The report references Sainsbury's organizational structure, culture, and management practices throughout the analysis.

Organisational
behaviour
1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................4
P1) examine how organisational culture, power and politics can influence the individual and
team behaviour and performance...........................................................................................4
P2) Evaluate how to motivate individual and team to achieve a goal....................................6
P3). Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team...................9
Analyze team and group development theories to maintain the development of assistance with
in effective team.....................................................................................................................9
P4). Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior with in organizational
context and given business context......................................................................................12
Analyze and evaluate the importance of team development concept, theories and philosophies
that influence behavior in Sainsbury’s................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................15
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................16
2

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour described as the study of individual behaviour and attitude in a specific
situation or condition that directly impact upon the performance of the company. This is related
to the individuals when they are working in the team, this study becomes challenging when
situational factors within the organisation interacts. In the particular situation no two individuals
are likely to behave same and here managers predict the expected behaviour of an individual.
With the support of this firm is able to maintain the healthy environment in the organisation and
this is important as with this organisation can enhance the positive environment within the
company so that they can understand themselves as well as other. This provides support to the
company to achieve the desired goals and objectives. This study gives conclusion about how
different people react to different situations (Kitchin, 2017)
.
This report is based on the Sainsbury company which is the second largest chain of
supermarket in UK it deals. It is split into three division supermarket ltd, Sainsbury bank and
Sainsbury Argos. This analysis will include the power, culture and politics in the organisation
that influence the behaviour of the employees. Furthermore it includes motivational theories and
3

techniques, examine of the effective and ineffective team and concept and philosophies of
organisational behaviour.
MAIN BODY
P1) examine how organisational culture, power and politics can influence the individual and
team behaviour and performance.
Organisational behaviour refers to the process that aims on the understanding of individual
behaviour, attitude and characteristics with the motive of designing policies and strategies i order
to motivate employees and to maintain the standard of workplace. Politics, power and culture are
the factors that played a vital role in the organisation and that have a positive and negative
impact on the performance of the company (Muchiri, Shahid and Ayoko, 2019)
. Mentioned below are the elements that have been discussed in context to Sainsbury:
Culture:
Organisational culture refers to the collection of value, expectation and practices that guide and
direct the actions of the whole team towards the right directions. A good culture reflects the
positive traits that lead to encourage the performance. Organisational culture is the key factor
that attracts the talent and outperforming the competition, more of the employees considered
company’s culture before applying. With the perspective of Sainsbury Company, manager has
the responsibility to maintain the positive and cooperative culture within the organisation in
order to maximize the individual and team performance.
Influence of work culture handy’s cultural typology model:
Handy culture typology culture: this model was popularised by the Charles handy in 1999, this
approach provide support in to understand that why an individual will be more comfortable in
the company, this model is used by the Sainsbury and with this they follow the adequate path
way to manage the different working aspects (Balwant, 2018)
.
Role culture: this culture of the organisation is based on the rules and regulations. In this
managers and leaders are enchant with the responsibility of assigning duties and roles to the
employees in the organisation as according to their interest, skills and ability. This culture is
highly controlled as everyone in the company are aware and know about their roles and duties. In
this power is determined by the one’s position or role that a individual is having in the
4

organisational structure. With the support of this culture Sainsbury will increase the overall
productivity of the employees as well organisation. This helps in to enhance the quality of task
performed and decision making procedure and efficiency of the team and individual to attain the
desired goals and objectives in a well defined manner (Wood and 2016).
Power culture: in this aspect of culture, power to take decision making is lies in some hands
such as executives or top level management. This is consist of few rules and regulation in which
individual with the power has decide the things that going to happen. In addition to this,
employees are being judge on the basis on what they achieve such as position rather than how
they do things and how they act. In context to the Sainsbury company, this will provide quick
decision making and proper maintenance of discipline but along with this, it also disrupt the
creativity and ability of the employees which results in de-motivation and decrease the
productivity as whole (Omar , Jayasingam and Bakar, 2019).
Task culture: This culture is develop in the organisation when team is made to identify the
solution of the specific problem or for the progress of the project. In order to attain the
effectively completion of the task which provides a great outcomes. With this culture Sainsbury
ensures the support from the every individual within the team and also encourage them to take
the steps towards the right and positive direction. this help in to enhance the motivation within
the employees that provide support in to the success and growth of the company (Rhoden, 2016). Person culture: in this culture, individual see themselves as superior and unique then the
company. As according to person culture, organisation is just a collection of individual
that is exist only for the people to work. In this they give more importance to themselves
rather than the organisation and its goals. with the implementation of this Sainsbury can
increase the efficiency of output at a individual level but can negatively affect the overall
productivity of the organisation.
Politics:
Politics in the organisation refers to the activities which are not be considered as the part of
formal role in the company. This is described as the self-serving behaviour that is used by the
employees in order to enhance the performance along with the probability of getting the effective
outcome in the organisation. It can be in both the forms negative and positive. in the relation to
Sainsbury Company, if they adopt the positive politics then it will encourage the flexible
5

working environment and adequate relationships among the employees. And negative politics
can hamper the productivity of the organisation (Khaola and Rambe, 2020).
.
Power:
Organisational power lies in the hand of the executive or top level managers. This can be
described as the ability of the organisational structure to utilise all the important resources in the
favour of development and growth of the organisation such as man, machine, raw material,
capital etc. power is not equally distributed to all the levels as well the departments in the
organisation. Thus, it is confined to certain department or certain group of peoples that is
depending upon the level of responsibility and seniority. In relation to the Sainsbury, power is
used to control, maintain and preserve the employees and workers. This will help in to enhance
the quality of decision making and overall efficiency of the organisation.
P2) Evaluate how to motivate individual and team to achieve a goal
Motivation refers to the process that encourages the person to do the work with the full potential.
It initiates, guides and maintain the goal oriented behaviour which involves biological,
emotional, social and cognitive forces that helps in to activate the behaviour. It depends upon the
managers and leaders of the organisation which involves the ability, competence and energy
towards the work in order to attain the goals and objectives. In regard with Sainsbury Company
their leaders are always ready to encourage and motivate their employees that provide support to
achieve the desired outcomes (Salas-Vallina, Alegre and Fernandez, 2017)
. There are so many theories, techniques and various aspects that are used by the entity.
Some of the theories are explained below:
Process theories:
These theories are refers to how behaviour of individual is initiates, directed and
sustained that find outs the relationship with the dynamic variables that support in to develop and
formulate the best suitable ways for motivating the employees. There are several theories which
are includes in this, one of them is vroom expectancy theory that is discussed below:
Vroom expectancy theory: Valance: it can be defined as the individual preference towards the type of motivation.
As it is important to provide the motivation as per the individual preference in order to
6

grab the effective outcomes. For example if a person is get motivated with the working
environment, then they might be not value the additional holidays or incentives. In the
perspective of Sainsbury a good or great valance can develop the strong relationship
among the organisation and employees, and also energise them to do work with the full
potential (Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017) Expectancy: this is refers to the belief of individual that tends to increase efforts and that
will lead to enhance the productivity and profitability of the organisation. In context to
Sainsbury their managers and leaders are always forward to fulfil and satisfied the
employees expectation to make them feel motivated so that they can perform better and
develop more strategy to become successful and to make organisational success.
 Instrumentality: this is defined as the belief that a employees has on their work which
they do with their full potentials that will lead to appropriate rewards and outcomes. In
Sainsbury, employees are getting incentives and promotions from their managers in
return to their effective performance (Mansouri Singh and Khan, 2018) . With this company is able sustain the employees and increase the employment turnover
and longer sustainability at the market place.
Content theories:
These theories mainly focus on to the internal aspects of the individual along with their
behaviour and attitude to motivate them. This includes Maslow’s hierarchy theory that is
discussed below:
Maslow hierarchy theory: Psychological need/ basic need: This is the very first need in this hierarchy, as this
includes the very basic needs that a human want to survive such as food, water, cloths
and shelter. in the organisation this need is equal to the salary and working environment. Safety needs: This is described as the need of safety and security. This is focused on to
the security of emotional and physical environment from the emotional distress. This is
equal to the safe environment and job security in the organisation. Social needs: This is refers to the feeling of love and belongingness. In context to the
organisations it will be the relationships among the employees and between the superior
and subordinates that results in the better outcomes of the performance.
7

 Self-esteem needs: this is refers to the need for recognition, status, respect that an
individual seeks from other. This is focused on to the positive and a good image which a
person wants to show other. In the perspective of organisation esteem need influence
motivation with the individual that results into the recognition, enhance responsibility,
involvement in the decision making with this they can easily contribute towards the goal
of the organisation. Self actualization: this is the highest level of need in this hierarchy. In which a individual
desires for the accomplishment of self fulfilment in relation to the organisation here this
need is satisfied when a person achieve the highest position in the organisation where a
person wants to be.
Motivational techniques :
Motivational techniques are used by the managers and leaders in the organisation in order
to make the employees and workers motivated so that they can attain the desired goals and
objectives. Some of the techniques are discussed below:
 Offer an incentive programme: In this companies develop and formulate the
programme to reward the employees in return to hard work. They can include non-
financial incentives such as extra holidays, a small trip etc. rather than the financial
incentivises
 Share profit to increase performance: This technique s adopted by the company in
which they offer the profit margin to the employees as per their performance. This
provides them a sense of pride and seeing earning is increasing, this will enhance the
performance and productivity of the organisation.
 Radiate positivity: This is refers to the creating positive and healthy environment at
the work place so that employees are able to concentrate, happy and tend to enjoy
work. As research also shows productivity and performance can be boost by the
happiness (Alblas Wijsman and van Noort 2019).
 Set intermittent goals: Here mangers and leaders need to set the small and
measurable targets so that they can achieve by the employees at the given time. This
will encourage them to do more work.
8

P3). Describe what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Employees play huge role in every organization, they contribute their efforts to achieve
goals of company. In market there is various competitors of company but employees helps in
achieve better brand value in market. In Sainsbury’s context, they started with limited team
members but employee’s efforts grow business successfully and now they have 1,16,40 + team
members in organization. Initially they has less competitors but they provide best quality
services and product to customers.
In company working within team and group it increasing the level of dedication and
performance of the employees. Effective management will maintain relations between team
members and supervisors it also helps in reduce communication barriers. There is difference
between effective team and non effective team that is as explained below
Effective Team Non- Effective Team
Effective team members have special talent and
skills to achieve success of company.
In this employees don’t have knowledge and not
aware about their job roles. They need more
guidance.
In this they motivate to others co workers and
share thoughts and ideas to each other. It helps in
decision making in business.
In this employees work individually and they
receive more feedbacks in company.
They always focus on target goals and they are
clear about their tasks.
They don’t know about their tasks and not clear
about target goals.
In this end of efforts the result they get in positive
side.
In this every employees perform task in their own
way it affect the end results.
Analyze team and group development theories to maintain the development of assistance with in
effective team.
 Balanced roles: In this employees perform their work with dedication and communicate
with others about tasks. They control their responsibilities and roles in systematic manner
to measure growth of business thus they achieve goals on time.
 Mutual collaboration: This quality is important for effective team, employees work
together to reduce the communication barriers and employees can focus on work with
dedication. It helps in improvement in work quality and achieve their target goals,
Sainsbury’s is successful in this quality (Dunphy 2016).
9

 Supervisor communication: In organization communication is play important role for
successful business, it helps in maintain transparency in information flow . thus all the
employees are clear about their goals and tasks.
 Effectiveness in leadership: In this employees have skills and capability to achieve
target goals of business. Team leader encourage to team for their better performance and
guide them in right direction for growth of company . team leader must have
communications skills so they can motivate the team members by which improvement in
opportunities in Sainsbury’s company.
Tuckman’s Team Development model:
This model improve the performance of business. Sainsbury’s use this model to make
better team with skilled employees , it helps in better coordination and build trust in organisation.
There are some stages that is as explained below:
Forming: This is initial stage where managers allot task and work to team members. In
Sainsbury’s context , managers make team after they allot roles and responsibilities to them and
helps in achieve success. They also plan strategies and planning about task and make team firts
after they allot their work according to ability and skills.
 Storming: At this stage leader of Sainsbury’s company , they encourage and
motivate to employees for effective work and they contribute their work so it will done
before time. Provide motivation is play important role for more success because
employees needs motivation every time to complete their task. Company also provide
extra facilities and rewards to push them towards their goals (Pastra Gkliatis and
Koufopoulos 2017).
Norming: At this stage in company team member encourage each other and maintain
good relation in organisation. In Sainsbury’s company team members and supervisors maintain
good relations , it helps in increase brand value and growth of business.
Performing: This is final stage where team members focus on their target goals and
make efforts to achieve target of company. positive outcomes is important for company because
team member and leaders give efforts in tasks. Sainsbury’s company’s productivity is on good
level and their production increase day by day.
Belbin’s typology:
There are nine Belbin’s team roles that explained about the job duties.
10

The monitor evaluator: In this they plan strategies and if there is any challenges then
they monitor the issue and provide best solutions to use skill. They require advanced techniques
to analyse the tasks in business, it helps in effective decisions.
The specialist: In organisation every team member have special talent in specific field.
Company allot tasks and work according to their ability and skills. In organisation wants to work
in particular field and Sainsbury’s company allow this because it develop more interest towards
to work and employee give extra efforts in task.
The plant: They are very creative people and free minded people, they provide ideas and
innovations original based. They usually work alone and company also provide them private
space to focus on innovations and ideas that helps in achieving target goals.
The shaper: They are dynamic and very extrovert kind people, they encourage to
employees to achieve target goals. They plan unique strategies for effective performance and
generate new ideas based on facts and implement practically.
The implementer: They are maintain the records of employees performance and manage
situations accordingly , they are practical people and find out ideas and solutions based on facts
and actuality. They analyse the data and market after practical inputs they implement their work.
 The finisher: They focus on every small issues in task and complete task
before time. They are introvert kind of people and they give more efforts in task. They
provide high quality performance in business (Nwali 2016).
The coordinator: They have great communication skills and they coordinate with each
other related to work and complete task according to coordination. It helps in reduce
communication barriers in organisation.
The team worker: They are working in team and support each other and motivate each
other to achieve target goals of company. they monitor every one’s performance and notice that
team members not copying other work. In business unity is must for better performance and they
also helps in complete task of each other to achieve business success.
The resource investigator: They have talent in making networking with others. They are
very positive and explore more departments or find out new opportunities in market. In
organisation use resources on right place is important , such as capital use for right work and so
on. In company they have limited resources so they use at right place.
11

P4). Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior with in organizational context
and given business context.
 Path goal theory of leadership: This theory is founded by House Mitchell in 1974. It
helps the Sainsbury’s to achieve the goals and success in particular time frame (Vaughan
2019).Through this Sainsbury’s observing different styles by which they get better
outputs. It is based on Victor’s Vroom theory, in this employees needs and expect more
benefits and opportunity for long time period from company. Sainsbury’s use this for
more focus on providing extra benefits and opportunity to employees. They motivate
them for more effective performance and helps in enhancing their skills. In company
employees face many challenges but they give extra efforts and use skills to overcome
form it. This company plan strategies and take decisions according to work environment
and they adopt participative leadership theory in this managers maintain performance
records of employees to achieve more success in business.
Classification of the models:
Environment and task characteristics: In this theory leaders observe the issues and
challenges faced by team members and provide training accordingly so they can improve their
skills. It helps in growth or business in term of productivity and profitability.
Characteristics Employee: In organization employee’s skills and ability change
according to expectations and needs. Sainsbury’s company build better relations with employees
and know about their expectations and wants and provide them benefits accordingly. they
encourage to employees for improve performance and motivate them to remind them about their
need so employees give more efforts in task. There are some tough task explain below as:
Group work: This refers to the contribution of work between group members so
company complete before time but it impact in negative manner because every one have
different thinking ability and their thoughts doesn’t match with each others, so this affect the
outcome also (Svanberg and Öhman 2016)
Leadership style: In this leaders will ensure that work will complete on time and they
allot task and guide them accordingly. In Sainsbury’s company they assign task and roles to each
12

member and observe their work and guide them to complete work on time , so it helps in achieve
goals on time.
Plan of task: It is important part for leaders, in this they make plans and allot to team
members according to their skills and ability. Leaders provide them proper knowledge and
navigate them in right direction for their tasks and it helps in effective performance and achieve
goals. Also in this they make team first then assign work to employees.
Administrator authority system: In Sainsbury’s organization leaders and managers
allot the task and observe and analyze them. Monitor every performance is important to avoid
any mistake in work.. it also helps in measuring the business growth in advance to they control
accordingly.
Supportive: In Sainsbury’s company, leaders and managers are both supportive. If team
members face any challenges and issues related to task then they support them and guide them to
complete task successfully.
Achievement oriented: In this company leaders and mangers provide extra benefits to
employees to complete work on time and for better outcomes. In this company , they provide
achievement certificate to employees to motivate them about their next task (Chou, Shen, Hsiao
and Shen, 2019)
.
Analyze and evaluate the importance of team development concept, theories and philosophies
that influence behavior in Sainsbury’s
Sainsbury’s use path goal theory for leaders make changes in working environment in
organization to increase growth and productivity. In company changes according to markets
trends are important for increasing the positions of business in marketplace. In sainsbury’s
company leaders and managers are very supportive , they support to team member to perform
their task in better manner. Their main focus on customers satisfaction so they provide training
the guide them accordingly so employees provide better services quality in company and it helps
in building strong relations with customers and reach out maximum customers in different
locations. Company have loyal customers so it increase brand image in market. Company
provide extra benefits and facilities to employees to motivate them and ensure them about their
job security. Company’s growth is totally based on employees efforts and team members
13

contribute extra efforts to achieve success in business. Employees and leaders face various
challenges such as, execution of planning, some times work not done in systematic manner, so
they find out practical solutions and believe in facts. Company divide teams and departments
according to work and performance it is helps in managing the task easily and work in effective
manner. Top level management monitor all the work so they can control situation if they find
any problems r dispute in planning or in task (Srivastava 2017)..
14

CONCLUSION
It is concluded of above report, organisation behaviour explain about the performance of work of
business. Managers have extra skills and ability to perform task in effective manner and achieve
success and goals before time. It helps to maintain management in systematic manner and get
positive outcome of every task in business. In company they apply various theories and models
to provide better information and guide in right direction to team members. Company need to
manage team members and support them so they can perform the tasks. In organisation
motivation is important, employees needs motivation to complete their work before time. It is
important to measure performance of business and employees also. Leadership style is essential
for company to develop more productivity and effective work.
15

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Kitchin, D., 2017. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A
group and multicultural approach. Routledge.
Balwant, P.T., 2018. The meaning of student engagement and disengagement in the classroom
context: Lessons from organisational behaviour. Journal of Further and Higher
Education, 42(3), pp.389-401.
Muchiri, M., Shahid, S. and Ayoko, O., 2019. And now for something completely different:
Reframing social processes of leadership theory using positive organisational
behaviour. Journal of Management & Organization, 25(3), pp.370-373.
Wood, J.M. and. et. al, 2016. Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John
Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd..
Omar, S., Jayasingam, S. and Bakar, R.A., 2019. Does positive organisational behaviour and
career commitment lead to work happiness?. International Journal of Business
Excellence, 19(1), pp.44-64.
Rhoden, M., 2016. Construction Management and Organisational Behaviour. John Wiley &
Sons.
Khaola, P. and Rambe, P., 2020. The effects of transformational leadership on organisational
citizenship behaviour: The role of organisational justice and affective
commitment. Management Research Review.
Salas-Vallina, A., Alegre, J. and Fernandez, R., 2017. Happiness at work and organisational
citizenship behaviour. International Journal of Manpower.
Gkorezis, P. and Petridou, E., 2017. Corporate social responsibility and pro-environmental
behaviour: Organisational identification as a mediator. European Journal of
International Management, 11(1), pp.1-18.
16

Mansouri, A.A.A., Singh, S.K. and Khan, M., 2018. Role of organisational culture, leadership
and organisational citizenship behaviour on knowledge management. International
Journal of Knowledge Management Studies, 9(2), pp.129-143.
Alblas, G., Wijsman, E. and van Noort, M., 2019. Organisational Behaviour. Routledge.
Dunphy, S., 2016. Using keywords to construct wuzzle-picture-puzzles for the purpose of
mastering management and organisational behaviour terminology. Behaviour &
Information Technology, 35(6), pp.471-478.
Pastra, A., Gkliatis, I. and Koufopoulos, D.N., 2017. Organisational Behaviour in Shipping.
In Shipping Operations Management (pp. 25-46). Springer, Cham.
Nwali, A.C., 2016. Influence of Organisational Behaviour on the Management of Employees in
Selected Commercial Banks in South East, Nigeria (Doctoral dissertation).
Vaughan, J., 2019. Epimethean hope or Promethean expectation? The role of organisational
behaviour. In Organizing Hope. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Svanberg, J. and Öhman, P., 2016. The effects of time budget pressure, organisational-
professional conflict, and organisational commitment on dysfunctional auditor
behaviour. International Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Performance
Evaluation, 12(2), pp.131-150.
Chou, C.M., Shen, C.H., Hsiao, H.C. and Shen, T.C., 2019. Factors influencing teachers’
innovative teaching behaviour with information and communication technology
(ICT): the mediator role of organisational innovation climate. Educational
Psychology, 39(1), pp.65-85.
Srivastava, A.P., 2017. Teachers' extra role behaviour: relation with self-efficacy, procedural
justice, organisational commitment and support for training. International Journal of
management in education, 11(2), pp.140-162.
17