Analysing Organisational Behaviour, Motivation and Team Development

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within the context of Waitrose, examining the influence of power, culture, and politics on individual and team performance. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and explores their application in influencing employee behaviour. The report also differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, utilizing team development theories like Belbin and Tuckman's model to support dynamic cooperation. Furthermore, it applies organisational behaviour concepts to a given business situation, assessing both the positive and negative impacts of these philosophies on behaviour. The study concludes by emphasising the importance of a positive organisational culture and effective conflict management to enhance employee satisfaction and overall business performance, with Desklib offering additional resources for students.

Organisational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
Analyse organisation power, culture, politics that influence individual, team behaviour or
performance.................................................................................................................................1
Critically analyse how culture, power, politics influence individual or team work...................5
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
Evaluate content and process theory of motivation....................................................................5
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application
of behavioural motivational theories...........................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.................................9
Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation.................................................................................................................10
TASK 4 .........................................................................................................................................11
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and a given business situation...................................................................................................11
Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour in both a
positive and negative way.........................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to a study of human nature who are working within an
organisation. It considers interrelation between human behaviour and organisation. This is very
important for business organisation to study individual behaviour and business behaviour so that
targets are achieved on set time frame. There are several manner that are used by company to
keep employees happy and motivated (Enyioko, 2021). This offer several benefits and perks to
employees so that they work hard to attain business objectives. Therefore, team management is
highly important to attain success in terms of increasing business performance. The organisation
that is considered to complete this report is Waitrose. It is a type of supermarket since 1904. the
company deals in 332 locations in UK. The company sell food products, groceries to customers
and encourage people to buy this. Hence the following report is based on analysing power,
culture and politics and their impact on individual, team performance and organisation. Further it
also include different motivational theories that are used to encouraged staff members for
accomplishing goals on time. It also include comparison between effective and infective team
along with the use of team development theory such as Belbin and tuckman model of team
development. At last it demonstrate a business situation and by using path goal theory solve the
issues of business so that goals are easily achieved on set time frame.
TASK 1
Analyse organisation power, culture, politics that influence individual, team behaviour or
performance
Organisational behaviour refers to a study of measuring and evaluating behaviour of
individual at workplace. There are number of factors that influence workers to work properly or
also distract their attention form effective working, these factor involves power, politics and
culture (Carslake, 2021). All these play an essential role in maintaining relationship between
employees and examine the influence of team members, individual or performance on
performance and productivity of business. In this, power is terms as leaders power that are
mainly possessed by leaders of business to manage workers effectively. Culture demonstrate
beliefs, attitude and actions at business enterprise. Politics is a behaviour where human
interactions involve power and authority. These three terms are explained on Waitrose company:
Power
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This defined as a strength which individual use to control or manage other people at
work. In terms of Waitrose, power is mainly hold by leaders who perform responsibility of
managing several employees and managers (Skinner and Stewart, 2017). However, manager of
Waitrose are mainly responsible for performing business operations so that targets are
accomplished on set time period. There are number of power that leader can use. Some of them
are presented below:
 Legitimate power- In this type of power, Waitrose manager command and control
employees and several other resources in organisation so that objectives are
accomplished on time.
 Reward power- In this type of power, leader of an organisation provide recognition and
rewards to employees for their hard work. In terms of Waitrose, manager give desirable
rewards to workers who work properly and effectively.
 Reference power- It present as a cult of personality where leader of a firm emphasis on
develop strong personality to encourage team members for performing goals properly and
appropriately.
 Informational power- In this type of power, leader in organisation have more
information regarding what was done and what to plan so that goals are attained on time.
In terms of Waitrose, leaders have more information that is used to develop strategy to
gain competitive advantage at workplace.
 Expert power- In terms of this type of an individual within organisation have in depth
power related to specific topic that is used to gain high success at marketplace (Chan and
Lai, 2017). Hence this type of power is hold by those leaders who have good knowledge
and skills so that company targets are attained on time.
Hence, power is crucial factor within organisation that is adopted by leader and manager
to control work effectively. In context of Waitrose, manager adopts reward power where they
offer appreciation and recognition to employees so that they work productively and this is
beneficial for company success.
Politics
It is mainly represented as annoyed type activities that are mainly performed by
disappointed workers of business enterprise. Therefore, employees who are not work properly
and also misbehave in business enterprise . Hence, these type of workers attract attention of other
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working employees and distract their work. Politics within organisation is mainly based on four
aspects such as Weeds, rocks, woods and high grounds. Weeds doesn't express informal network
and influence of individual person. Woods represent guidelines and standards that have hidden
assumptions. High grounds are presented interrelation of authorities in organisation system
whereas rocks depends on personal interaction place at organisation. Due to existance of politics
at Waitrose, employees are affected in several manner that are presented below:
 Organisation productivity and performance is decreased- Within an organisation if
employees are indulge themselves in some misbehave task than they cannot concentrate
on the work properly and effectively (Szabó and et.al, 2018). This reduce the productivity
of team members and individuals within organisation because of this company would
face mainly loss.
 Demotivation present in employees- In an organisation if employee are bullied and
made fun of other then they highly hurt workers because of this company and employee
performance is affected. In context of Waitrose, those workers face bully environment are
not properly concentrate on work that also create conflicts at workplace. Hence it
negatively impact working and productivity of business enterprise.
By above information it is evaluated that Waitrose need to focused on eliminate conflicts
at workplace to create satisfaction among workers so that they does not perform gulf task (Khan,
Khan and Gul, 2019). Thus they also create transparency at work atmosphere to remove politics.
Culture
It express that factor which is adopted by company to perform organisation functions in
appropriate manner. Performance of workers are demonstrated the workplace culture. Therefore
if organisation adopts appropriate culture then workers put full efforts to reach targets on time
frame. In case of Waitrose, Handy culture model are shown below:
 Power culture- In this culture various rules and regulations are processed at workplace.
Hence, these rules are mainly developed by manager of company where they show power
and every employee follow that for smooth working (Tekin, 2019). In terms of Waitrose,
top manager hold power to take decisions on which workers are working where workers
are judged as per their performance level. Hence it represent strong culture to attain
targets frequently and make fast decisions.
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 Task culture- In this type of culture worker perform task which are allotted to them so
that business operations are performed in smooth manner. In this manager of Waitrose,
assigned task to employees as per their skills and knowledge In terms of Waitrose, top
manager hold power to take decisions on which workers are working where workers are
judged as per their performance level. Hence it represent strong culture to attain t so that
goals are appropriately accomplished.
 Person culture- In this culture, people perform task in their own way. In terms of
Waitrose, manager assigned task to individual employees as per their specifications so
that targets are done properly and company attain profitable results.
 Role culture- This culture is mainly considered rules and regulations (Khalid and
Ahmed, 2016). In this culture type, leader of Waitrose manage every employee properly
by understand their roles and responsibilities so that targets are appropriately done. It is
demonstrated as bureaucratic type where manager deliver guidelines on which workers
work.
Hence, it is evaluated that having a positive culture is crucial because it manage worforce
of business enterprise. In case of Waitrose, Task culture is important because in this activities are
divided among number of employees within a team so that results are reached on proper time
duration.
Impact of power, culture and politics on individual and team behaviour and performance
Basis Individual behaviour and
performance
Team behaviour and
performance
Power Within Waitrose, reward power is
followed that is positively impact
behaviour and performance of
individual person in an organisation
(Harvey, Bolino and Kelemen,
2018).
In an organisation if manager
reflect at the time of
performing activities then it
impact team work due to
which performance is affected
in negative manner.
Politics In an organisation if politics was
present at workplace than it
negatively impact individual
behaviour at Waitrose that also
Within an organisation politics
majorly impact team work
because politics distract
concentration of individual
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impact negatively the performance. person due to which firm face
high loss.
Culture Positive culture helps to develop
individual behaviour and
performance due to which company
attain more profitable results.
If Waitrose adopts friendly
culture at workplace than it
remove conflicts and develops
performance in proficient
manner (Klotz and et.al, 2018).
Critically analyse how culture, power, politics influence individual or team work
By above information it is concluded that there are various framework such as politics,
power and culture that impact organisation and individual performance. Within an organisation if
there is appropriate management is followed that operations are not function in authentic manner.
As Waitrose adopts task culture where they allotted task to employees so that company overall
objectives are attained. Therefore when task are delegate to employees as per skills and
knowledge then it develops performance level (Lee and et.al, 2019). When manager of Waitrose
adopts power in negative manner, then it negatively affect employee performance. In this
negative politics are interlinked with various factor such as demotion, bias, stress etc. These
elements impact profitability of business. Although manager also know about how to manage
conflicts that was occur among employees. When workers does not received good treatment and
they are bullied then it create negative environment at workplace. This impact employee
performance. Hence it is demonstrated that in case of Waitrose there is no case of employee
bullying or bad treating of staff member take place at workplace.
TASK 2
Evaluate content and process theory of motivation
Content theory of motivation
This theory define change in needs of human as per the changes occur in time. This
represent several factors in which company encourage their staff members. This terms of
Waitrose, content theory is followed by manager to encourage staff members and understand
their needs on every level so that company fulfil employees requirements properly so that proper
results are attained. Content theories that are effective for Waitrose are presented below:
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Maslow need hierarchy theory- This content theory emphasis to encourage employees
by satisfying all their needs. To effectively understood workers, maslow pyramid is useful as it
enlist five level that define core need one after the one which are useful to create motivating
behaviour at workplace. Five hierarchy level are demonstrated below:
 Physiological needs- It involve basic needs such as air, water, basic pay, cloth etc. as
these are essential motivation factors for survival and encourage individual towards work
efficiently (Borkowski and Meese, 2020).
 Safety needs- It considered health and wealth, financial security, security of life etc.
manager of Waitrose ensures to fulfil all these needs to encourage staff for productive
work.
 Social needs- This need involve love and belongingness such as get cooperation from
collegues, acceptance from community, faith, friendship etc. all these factors are revolved
around at workplace so that positive behaviour of worker are represented so that targets
are attained on time.
 Self-esteem- It means appreciation, self-respect, feeling of one individual are valued for
others. In Waitrose these are essential to attact employees attention to work effectively
and efficiently.
 Self-actualisation- It is last need where individual works with the belief that they have
everything and can do anything in their life to enhance status quo at workplace. Hence it
represent stability, potential and capability of worker towards organisation.
Manager of Waitrose adopt Maslow need hierarchy theory to fulfil all needs of
employees in consecutive way. Hence it develops confidence and strength among workers and
ultimately it reflects in the outcomes of business enterprise.
Herzberg Two factor theory- It refer to the two different factor that impact workforce in
two manner such as satisfaction and dissatisfaction. This model differentiate these two in
hygiene and motivation factor (Wang and et.al,2019). As both Herzberg factor are demonstrated
below in terms of Waitrose:
 Hygiene factor- This factor are those that are crucial for existence of motivation at
workplace. Hence it does not lead positive satisfaction under employees for more time
period. However if these are not present at workplace than it create dissatisfaction. This
involve pay, fringe benefits, status, Job security etc. there are basically represent
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physiological needs that every individual expect within organisation. In Waitrose,
manager use these factor to satisfied employees where every individual needs are fulfilled
by their expectation.
 Motivation factor- This factor lead positive satisfaction as it is inherent to work. This
emphasis on motivate employees so that they perform better task. It also develop inner
strength and confidence in employees (Castille, Buckner and Thoroughgood, 2018). It
involves factors such as achievement, growth, recognition, bonus etc. that are essential to
encourage workers for goal achievement.
Waitrose manager follow Herzberg two factor theory that emphasis on both motivation
and hygiene factor where manager ensures that employees all level needs are satisfied as per
individual work performance. In some context, manager of Waitrose adopts maslow need
hierarchy model because it express needs of employees in hierarchy level so it is easy to
encourage staff accordingly and develops performance level of business enterprise. This also
enhance growth and development of company.
Process theory of motivation
It theory depicts motivation of employees towards work in several manner. As this show
how individual behaviour change according to need so that company goals are attained. It
include several process theory of motivation that are beneficial for Waitrose to motivate
employees in terms of achieving goals that are follow below:
Vroom expectancy theory- It defined to changes present in individual behaviour related
to need and by using this company motivate then towards goals achievement. This model depict
that performance of employee is changed by several factors that involve skill, knowledge,
experience, ability etc. it also state that an individual motivation is connected with performance
and efforts (Quelhas and et.al, 2019). Motivation involve instrumentality, valance and
expectancy. Expectancy shows that every employee have different expectation and level of
confidence related to what they achived. In this manager of Waitrose emphasis on discover what
resources, supervision, training sessions employees need to complete the targets on time.
Instrumentality represent perception of employees that shows what they actually get even it has
been promised by manager. In this manager of Wairose ensures that employees receives rewards
for their work so that they attain the goals and company receive profitable outcomes. As this
factor affects employees trust, decision making and performance. Valence reflect emotional
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orientation people that are hold with dignity to rewards. In this Waitrose manager offer results to
employees after examine the performance of workers. Hence manager of Waitrose adopts this
theory to encourage employees by offer rewards as per performance so that in future they work
with full efforts.
Goal-setting theory- This theory involve constitution of development plan in order to
encourage employees for reaching goals on time. Hence, goals are used to provide direction to
individual to perform task so that they evaluate the needs and efforts to reach the targets on set
time frame. Goal setting keeps employee motivated and individual understand what they achieve,
how to achieve that leads to increasing level of productivity. It involve various factor:
 Sell-sufficiency- It represent self-potential of individual employee that linked to
performance and depends on spirit, confidence and belief of individual employee
(Robbins and Judge, 2019). These are used to put efforts to attain the goals on time.
Hence it depend on efforts where if employees put high efforts and it also affects other
too, to reach goals.
 Goal commitment- it represent dedication of individual to attain targets and in this
employees are committed towards goals achievement. In this if individual performance
develops then it impact on company results in positive manner.
Hence, Waitrose use this theory to encourage employee because in this they understand
the goals and due to this they are committed to attain the targets on time. This also clears the path
of success that leads to high growth of company.
Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective application of
behavioural motivational theories
Waitrose follow Maslow need hierarchy theory and vroom expectancy model to motivate
employees towards goals achievement. Hence organisation must fulfil employee basic needs so
that they encourages towards completing assigned targets on time. Manager of Waitrose also use
Vroom expectancy theory to analyse the outcome and performance of workers according to
employee efforts (Short, McKenny and Reid, 2018). This support to accomplished the business
objectives. Thus manager of Waitrose use theories of motivation to smoothly run operations and
satisfied workers to retain longer period of time. But at the same time using these motivational
model include more time and money of manager due to which their critical decision making are
affect.
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Recommendations to improve performance of staff to meat goals
By above information it is critically evaluated that an organisation is based on several
factors such as culture, power, politics and motivation that affect positively and negatively to
employees to perform task proficiently. To improve performance level of staff, several
recommendations are provided to Waitrose so that goals are met properly. For this company
offer proper satosfaction to workers by fulfilling all level needs according to potential. Thus
company also adopts reward power that motivate workers to work effectively and ensures that
positive culture is followed at workplace. Company also emphasis on follow two way
communication to get profitable results and reached the targets on proper time duration.
TASK 3
Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Team refer to a group of individuals where each and every employee mutually work for
reaching common goals. Teams are of several types and every team have their own importance.
In context of Waitrose, several types of teams are demonstrated below:
 Problem solving teams- This teams are temporary structured in which leaders and team
members are work together across the organisation to solve specific problems. In context
of Waitrose, problem solving team are build to solve critical problems that present within
organisation so that positive outcomes are reached (Faff and et. al., 2021). In this
manager include those employees who have interpersonal skills so that they understand
problems and targets are achieved on time frame.
 Virtual team- This type of team is work on different location to handle the company
operations properly. In context of Waitrose, manager formulate this team so that they
perform activities on global level to attain profitable outcomes.
Benefits of working in effective team
Effective team are more beneficial for every organisation to reach targets on time. This is
also appropriate for Waitrose to solve tough task and integrate all members within a team where
every individual have different knowledge and skills so that objectives are accomplish correctly
and smoothly. This type of team does not create conflicts among members and help to perform
activities in appropriate manner.
Effective team vs ineffective team
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Basis Effective team In effective team
Purpose The main purpose of an effective
team is reach the targets on set
time frame because these teams
are develops with accumulation
of skills that are appropriate to
function correctly.
Ineffective teams does not have
clear objectives due to which they
cannot attain the targets
proficiently.
Communication In this type of team proper
communication is followed
where every employees have
desired information and also
clearly understood about what
they achieve and in what
manner.
Ineffective team does not follow
proper communication because in
this every individual are in pride.
This generate misunderstanding
among workers due to which
overall objectives are not
accomplished on time.
Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic
cooperation
From above information it is analysed that for Waitrose effective teams are more
appropriate and manager need to develop these types of teams so that organisation objectives are
attained on time. For this Beblin and tuckman theory of team development are used that are
demonstrated below in terms of Waitrose:
Beblin theory
This model depict that every employee have distinct behaviour and manager set activities
accordingly so that team member perform it properly (Jooss, Burbach and Ruël, 2021). Due to
this it is crucial to understand individual role in team that is used to develop performance and
productivity. In terms of Waitrose, several roles under Beblin models are presented below: Team worker is one who handle every situation in proper manner. It helps employees in
team to reach targets on time. Team workers organise every activity of Waitrose so that
manager take decisions proficiently.
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 Coordinator define as one who manages whole team to reach business goals on time
duration. Coordinator is a person who is composed, confident and innovative that helps
Waitrose to reach competitive advantage at marketplace. Specialist is a person who are highly skilled or experienced related to specific subject so
that business issues are to be solved properly. Specialist in Waitrose are one who are
highly committed towards goals accomplishment. Hence these member at workplace are
crucial to enhance growth and profitability of business in effective manner.
 Implementer is one who execute plan to complete the targets and in order to carry out
operations smoothly. In Waitrose implementer is a practical person who works for goal
achievement so that firm would survive more time period.
Team development are important to business firm as it is used to reach goals on time. In
context of Waitrose, leader assigned task to team member as per their ability and knowledge so
that goals are reached appropriately. In this effective teams are developed so that conflicts are
resolved and company culture are maintained.
TASK 4
Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational context
and a given business situation
Path goal theory- This help management to follow suitable leadership style at workplace
to understand the needs of workers. The purpose of implementing this model is to encourage
staff members so that coordination will be maintained among team members that develops goals
and targets properly. Hence, manager of Waitrose adopts path goal theory because they need to
maintain positive culture at workplace and avoid employee turnover within organisation. To
solve this issues company manager use path goal theory that are presented below:
Classification of path goal theory-
 Employee characteristics- This factor demonstrate employees within organisation where
workers emphasis on acquire skills about the factors that encourages them. It includes
flexible working hours, rewards and many more (Rashid, Gul and Khalid, 2018). In terms
of Waitrose, leader highly emphasis on recognise those factors that maximise
performance of workers work under team so that high profitable results are attained on
time.
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 Task and environmental characteristics- In this factor manager allotted task to team
member according to individual person skill and capabilities so that more profitable
results are gained by business organisation. In case of Waitrose, leader arrange a survey
seminar where manager understood needs of employees to attain objectives
appropriately.
 Leadership styles- To solve the problems that was present under the Waitrose, it is
crucial to select best leadership style. Hence it is crucial to guide, monitor, control the
team member so that targets are achieved smoothly.
◦ Participative style- This style depicts that employees have right to present ideas on
specific topic so that management take decisions promptly to attain the targets on
time. If leader adopts this style than employees feel satisfied and encouraged due to
which they contribute high to attain business objectives.
◦ Directive style- In this manager of Waitrose, directs staff members where they guide
team members and employees work accordingly without asking any questions
(Smollan and Singh, 2021). This generally demotivate workers and in this workers
feel neglected.
Hence, by evaluating above styles Waitrose use participative style of leadership where
team members have right to suggest ideas to reach the goals and maintain company brand
reputation at marketplace.
Evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence behaviour in both a positive
and negative way
From above information it is evaluated that Waitrose use the path goal philosophy where
manager used participative style of leadership. This is highly valuable to influence the behaviour
of individual and teams because employees feel valued and also show creativity so that company
attain goals on set time manner. Hence it impact in positive manner. Further adopting this style
of leadership also create conflicts at workplace because manage chose one idea from number of
that which create conflicts that negatively impact on behaviour of individual and team members.
CONCLUSION
By preceding information it is to be concluded that organisation behaviour defined as a
crucial factor that help manager to examine and assess employees behaviour effectively so that
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targets are attained proficiently. In this different factors are included such as power, politics and
culture that are essential to maintain good atmosphere at workplace. Therefore, these terms are
very important for enhancing employee performance and company productivity. Motivated
workers are key aspect of organisation success. Therefore, it is crucial that all employees have
strong urge to work hard so that company objectives are attained on time. In this various
philosophies are included that are related to organisation behaviour and adopted by leaders to
attain business operations. Therefore development of politics within organisation are harmful to
maintain peace at working environment so that it is ensured that to make effective leaders no
conflicts are around at workplace. Hence team development and management is effective to
growth of company and it could be examined by using Belbin and tuckman model.
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