Organisational Behaviour: Culture, Power, Motivation & Team Analysis

This report provides an analysis of organisational behaviour, focusing on the influence of organisational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance within Marks and Spencer (M&S). It examines content and process theories of motivation, discussing how motivational techniques enable the effective achievement of goals. The report also explores the characteristics of effective versus ineffective teams, referencing Tuckman's theory of team development. Furthermore, it applies concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within the context of an organisation, providing a comprehensive overview of key elements influencing workplace dynamics.

ORGANISATIONAL
BEHANVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY .................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1. Analyse how an organisational culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance........................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals....................................................................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Discuss what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in an organisation................8
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is the study of person behaviour in the organisation. The main
objective of organisational behaviour is that it revitalize organisational theory and develop
conceptualization of organisational life. Organisational behaviour is directly refers to the
understanding, controlling and predicting of the human own behaviour. It is the process of
understanding human behaviour and act accordingly in front of others(Bridges, 2018). The
company which is taken in this project report is Marks and Spencer. Marks and Spenser is the
British multinational retailer company of United kingdom. It deals in home products, clothing,
food products etc. company was founded in the year 1884 by Michael marks and Thomas
Spencer. Company is operating in worldwide while having more than 959 stores in the world.
This report covers analysis of how an organisation culture, politics and power influence
individual and team behaviour (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). This covers how content ad
process trophies of motivation enable achievement of goals. There is an explanation of concepts
and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisation. Also what makes an
effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1. Analyse how an organisational culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance
An organisation culture refers to the collection of expectations, values and practices
which regulates and guides various actions being performed in a business organisation. Sound
organisational culture of the company guides respective efforts being produced by various staffs
towards attainment of respective goals and objectives of the business firm. It helps in increasing
productivity of the firm by creating positive working environment in working structures and
avoids wastage of valuable resources of the firm by following effective techniques of
management and leadership theories (Chadwick, 2017). In context to chosen company i.e. M&S,
which is headquartered in London, England. The respective workforce has a huge market
presence in the area and has to feed its huge customer demands in respective area. For that
purpose managers and leaders of respective firm has to establish and maintain healthy working
environment in the business firm. Establishment of healthy working environment in workforce

helps in extraction of best performance from company's employees. The concept of
organisational culture, politics and power is been discussed below:
Organisational culture: A culture in a organisation refers to working environment
provided to employee of the firm for conduction of various operational activities of the business
firm. In relation to chosen company, respective managers and leaders of the firm aims at
establishment of effective organisational culture for ensuring better productivity of various
employees working in the organisation (Chou and Ramser, 2019). By establishment of positive
working environment, staffs feels motivated towards various strategies and policies being
followed by firm for achieving their respective goals and objectives of the business firm. Power culture: In this type of organisational culture all the decision making power stays
in the hands of higher authorities of the business firm (Downes and et. al., 2017). They
are responsible for all decision making process of the business firm and any interference
of any staff is not to be entertained in this type of organisational culture. Role culture: In this type of organisational culture every individual employee working in
the organisation has a clear vision towards their respective goals and job obligations.
This style of organisational culture is also being referred to as bureaucratic culture. Task culture: In this type, various employees working in the business firm are being
provided with free hand to perform their respective job tasks by applying their innovate
methods. This organisational culture promotes innovation in an organisation and is
dedicated to formulation of flexible plans and policies of respective business
organisation.
 Person culture: In this type of organisational culture, various works in the workforce is
being divided amount individuals with different expertise and profession. Herein,
professionalism in work in being delivered as various works are performed with pure
dedications and are as per professional skills of employees.
Politics: It is refers to as an unproductive activity performed in various organisation
intensionally or unintentionally. It majorly affects effective working environment of the business
firm and reduces productivity of operational activities being produced in an organisation. Employees demotivation: Due to performing of unproductive activity of politics in an
organisation, it leads to adding up of de-motivational factors to respective employee
working in an organisation. In the practise of politics deserving employee of the firm

doesn't get what they deserve for and contributes towards hampering effectiveness of the
organisation as a whole.
 Decreased in productivity: Due to conduction of politics activities in the firm, it leads to
overall decrease in productivity of the business firm and respective firm is not able to
operate its pre decided goals and objectives.
Power: It refers to roles and responsibilities which respective employer as well as employee
posses in an organisation. Respective managers and leaders in the business firm performs
various activities for ensuring better working for business enterprise aiming at delivering best
productivity of the firm and also providing quality products and services at reasonable prices
(Evans, 2019). In regards to selected firm i.e. M&S, managers and leaders of the firm delegates
various powers to their employees to attain respective business goals by effective usage of
valuable resources of the firm and ensuring better growth of the workforce. Various types of
power available in an organisation are as follows: Legitimate power: In this type of power all the authority for conduction of operational
activities of the business firm is centralised in hands of top level mangers and leaders of
the business firm. Rewards power: In this type, powers regarding distribution of timely rewards and
appraisals to an employee working in an organisation is been authenticated. This helps in
providing better outcomes of operational activities performed by various employees of
the firm as well as promotes sustainable approach for carrying various organisational
goals.
 Informational power: This type of power consist of distribution and securing
authenticated information about the corporate. It includes securing authenticated
information of the company which can be useful for competing with respective
companies competitors.
TASK 2
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals
Content theory vs Process theory of motivation

The content theory or concept concentrates on the factor of possibilities that avail with
the section that has skills to preserve, excite, direct or as it may change in the manner of
behaviour. This theory also concentrates on the fields of necessities that are foremost of the
individuals and candidates to encourage the sectional area (Evans, Evans and Miklosik, 2020) .
As per the primary section that both the differences are on the major skilled manner to revived
the factors as per the candidates and their necessities and demands to regularly visual the
sections. As on the matter of fact, the process theory concentrates on the features of psychology
that affects the manner of motivational area of field.
Vroom - This theory was provided by Victor Vroom and he introduced this theory in the year
1964.some of the basic elements for this model are as follows:
Expectancy- What Vroom theory suggested was that there is a scope of improvement in
the in the work of every employee every employee is capable of performing all the task
efficiently and effectively, all of the employees are having their own level and their performance
depends on the same . for making all them work more and more efficiently Vodafone is
providing them with training and development program so that they can yield better result do
that they work more effectively.
Instrumentality: It is to be believed that when individuals working in an organisation are
provided with enough motivational techniques, they feel more boosted and motivated to perform
their respective assigned job tasks(Findsrud, Tronvoll and Edvardsson, 2018). With regards to
chosen company i.e. M&S, provides with various facilities and favourable working environment
to respective staffs, which helps in extracting best of their abilities and carries various activities
of the workforce towards achievement of respective business goals and objectives within given
time framework and effective usage of resources of the firm.
Valency: This element of the theory focuses on various efforts being produced in the
firm by employees. It effectively monitors performances of respective staffs working in the
workforce and brings in improvement in their performances. With relation to chosen
organisation, managers and leaders of the business firm conducts various training and
development programmes. It conducts regular meeting in the business firm which helps higher
authorities of the firm to closely examine performance of various employees and helps in
establishment of sound as well as productive working environment in a firm.

TASK 3
P3 Discuss what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
Various teams are being referred to as groups consisting individuals who are combines
their respective efforts for ensuring completion of assigned task in most effective manner. In
respective teams, team leaders is been allotted which ensures proper binding up of efforts and
carrying respective efforts towards completion of desired goal (Omojola, Odiboh and Amodu,
2018). In context to M&S, managers and leaders of the company makes use of various theories
and strategies to carry company's goals and objectives towards success keeping in mind limited
resource of the business firm. Teams are being characterised as effective and ineffective;
 Effective team: It refers to those teams wherein clear and effective aims and objectives
are being determined. In this follow up of pre decided goals and objectives is been
chased that ensures effective utilisation of provided resources and promotes coordination
of efforts of various individuals in a team.
 Ineffective team: In this type of team, don't have any aims or objectives, which leads to
unproductive activities in the firm. Usually in these types of team there are no such clear
vision of goals and objectives are being provided and there is a increased chances of
conflicts in an organisation.
Tuckman theory of team development
This theory came into existence in year 1965 by Bruce Tuckman. The given model
relates to principles of team management and providing better shape to carry out individual
efforts as a team. This theory is consist of 5 stages which are as follows: Forming: In this first stage, respective managers or leaders of the business firm provides
various activities which is to be conducted by every team member. Herein various
activities consist of Planning and collection of needful information for performing
assigned task in a team (Pauluzzo and et. al., 2018). This promotes personalisation in a
team and undertakes conduction of positive working relations with various team
members. Storming: In this stage, distribution of various tasks among various individuals of the
team is being done. Herein, discussion about plans and strategies for carrying out team
activities is being done. This stage helps providing equal opportunities to every

individual of the group for sharing their point of view and present idea related to
conduction of assigned team task. Norming: In this stage, allocation of team task is been done and verified with each
others. This helps in proper utilisation of given resources and avoids duplication of
efforts being produced in a team. Performing: In this stage, various skills and abilities is been recognised. This is done of
monitoring various individual performance of a person in the group and is been awarded.
 Adjourning: In this last stage of team management, which is sometimes also being
referred to as separation stage. As it is clear from the name, this stage involves separation
of various individual after completion of specific team task.
In context to M&S, effective working of the firm is highly dependent on dividing
respective activities of the business firm into various specialist team (Paxton, Hughes and
Barnes, 2020). A specialist team is being dedicated to perform technical task of the organisation
through which effectiveness in an organisation is been achieved and avoids wastage of raw
materials used in production activities of the firm.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour in an organisation
Organisational behaviour refers to process of evaluating human resource behaviours in an
organisation. Behaviour in general sense consists of various elements such as traditions, positive
attitude, customers and ethics, etc. One of the most important role that is played by managers
and leaders of the business firm is to provide with enough motivational techniques for ensuring
productivity in the organisation (Rose, Herd and Palacio, 2017). With regards to chosen
company, respective higher authorities of the business firm ensures productivity of the firm by
delivering enough motivation to various staffs working in the company. However for ensuring
better productivity of the workforce and healthy working environment of the operational firm,
managers and leaders of respective firm uses various theories and philosophies which are as
follows:
Path goal theory
The respective theory focuses on determination of particular leadership as well as
management style to be followed up in the workforce for shaping company's efforts towards

attainment of desired goals at allotted time period. In context to selected workforce i.e. M&S,
innovation is being welcomed by firm's managers and leaders (Sawalha, Kathawala and
Magableh, 2019). As the company main operational activities aims at production or
manufacturing of clothing to their customers. Being innovate and producing unique products
with quality services becomes important for operational management of the firm to overcome its
fear of competition in given marketplace.
Classification of Path Goal Theory
Employee characteristics: For proper conduction of operational activities of the business
firm, identification of characteristics of various employees working in an organisation is being
determined. It becomes important for managers or leaders of the firm to keep their respective
employees working in the firm motivated to dedicate best of their abilities towards achievement
of business goals and objectives (Tsang, 2019). With regards to chosen company, respective
managers of the firm deeply analysis various employees characteristics and provides them with
appropriate working condition to perform their job roles.
Environment and Task attributes: In this attribute, various problems or issues faced by
employees while performing their job task is been taken into considered. Management
department of M&S, takes care of respective staff working in the workforce and dedicate team
to solve various issues faced by an employee while performing its respective job role and
provide with resolution as soon as possible.
Leadership behaviour: In this various leadership style appropriate for conducting
operational activities of the business firm is been determined. With regards to M&S, managers
and leaders of the firm operates with a believe that no particular leadership or management style
will be appropriate considering dynamic business environment of the firm (Wang, Demerouti
and Le Blanc, 2017). Therefore, plans and strategies are being built flexible and are being
regularly monitored with changes as per need of trending market needs.
CONCLUSION
In the above discussion it is said that Marks and Spencer is operating in all over the
world. It has large number of customer base and its environment is also very good and positive.
It is performing all its activities very effectively and efficiently. Company is performing its
business activities in very effective manner. Workers or the employees are also performing there
activities as per the rules and regulations maintained by owners and managers. Employees

working in the organisation are very well trained and behave very positively in the business
environment. Mangers also provides better work environment to the employees so that they
could not face any insecurity in business environment. Also mangers follows basic requirements
of the employees so that they feel safe and secure in the environment. Mangers motivate
employees towards their achievement of goals and objectives. This results in increasing
employees productivity and organisational goals. Company is following path goal theory in their
organisation which helps them in focusing on leadership styles that are made to achieve gaols.

REFERENCES
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