Organisational Behaviour Report: TESCO, Leadership and Motivation

This report delves into the intricacies of organisational behaviour, using TESCO as a case study to illustrate key concepts. It begins by analysing how organisational culture, politics, and power dynamics influence individual and team behaviours and performance. The report then critically evaluates various motivational theories, such as Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory and Locke's Goal-Setting Theory, within the context of the organisation. Furthermore, it differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, emphasizing the importance of cooperation. Finally, the report examines various concepts and philosophies used in organisations to address diverse situations, providing recommendations for improvement. The analysis covers aspects like power culture, role culture, task culture, and person culture, along with their impacts and the role of organisational politics. The report also highlights how TESCO utilises different power dynamics and motivational techniques to enhance employee performance and achieve organisational goals.

Organisational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1 ..................................................................................................................................3
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance. ..................................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2) Critically evaluate various theories of motivation and techniques in context of
organisation............................................................................................................................6
TASK 3 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P3) Differentiate between effective team and ineffective team in relevance of cooperation
with team................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4 ....................................................................................................................................10
P4) Critically examine various concept and philosophies which utilized in organisation on
differentiate condition. .......................................................................................................10
Recommendations..........................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is wider and border aspect in order to focused goal is achieved in
effective manner. It includes study of individual behaviour along with various range of factors
which affects the organisation structure, technology, people and environment. It involves various
theories perception, philosophies and concept in order to influences individuals behaviours.
Applied theories and philosophies on business model do easily gaining profitability of company.
The company has been chosen under this report TESCO which is a British multinational &
general merchandise retail brand (Moon, 2016) . It was founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919.
it is having presence across seven countries across Europe, Asia and is a grocery leader in UK.
The paper consist with various organisational culture and policies which influences individual
performances, organisational perceptive as well as theories motivation. It includes concept of
effective and ineffective teams on a organisational context. It involves a different kind of
philosophies on different situation in company.
TASK 1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
Organisational behaviour is a study of human behaviour which shows how they behave
or perform within a group or as an individual basis. It helps to examine human behaviour in a
work environment and determine its impact on job structure, performance, communication and
leadership. It helps to motivate employees, increase their performances, and helps organisation to
establish a strong relationship of every individual with each other in an organisation. In addition
to this, organisation's culture, politics and power are some elements which impact on behaviour
of the groups and individuals. In regard to this, TESCO is a second largest chain of supermarkets
in the United Kingdom. Its analyse their organisation's culture, politics and power that influence
individuals and team behaviour and performance (Kim, 2017).
Organisation's culture
Organisation culture refers to the beliefs and values that established by the leaders to
create a proper and well behaved environment in an organisation. It helps to have a good
communication with each other and shaping employee perception, behaviours and

understanding. In order to evaluate the same, TESCO uses handy's model of organisation's
culture to analyse human behaviour (Farris, 2018). There are four components in Handy's model
which are listed below:
Power culture: It refers to the few individuals who have power whose influence spread
throughout the organisation. In a power culture, decision can be made quickly on the basis of
employee achievements. In context with TESCO, managers and vice presidents have
responsibilities and powers to make decisions and rules in the organisation. The employees and
staff members receive their rewards and promotions on the basis of their achievements and
decisions made by managers and owner.
Role culture: This culture is based on fixed rules and policies which are highly controlled
by the authority. It has to followed by every individual of an organisation. In context with
TESCO, rules and regulations are made for the longer period of time. It become bureaucratic and
employees generally have no choices to work on their own terms. Tesco utilized these culture in
different way on the basis of competence and skill of there employees in order to adapting this
type of culture for individuals easily handle works and perform well.
Task culture: It refers to the teams that are made to resolve specific issues and to work
together for achieving success in an organisation. It states to be very effective because every
individuals skills, knowledge and performances are taken together to work as a team and achieve
success. In context with TESCO use task culture generally when they want to increase the level
of performance of every individual (Cohen, 2017).
Person culture: It refers to the collection of individuals work for the same organisation.
In a person culture individuals are more concerned about there own self rather than the
organisation. In context with TESCO, individuals receive similar training for sales and
marketing. The training which is provided by the company is quiet useful to increase their
enhance skills and upliftment on an individual basis.
Positive impact: The organisation culture helps in improving the performance of every
individual employee. It improved the job performance of an employee and increase their
efficiency. In context with TESCO, the organisation culture helps every employee to remain
motivated and work with the best of ability.

Negative impact: If the organisation has weak culture then things cannot be attain
systematically and also employees have to suffer from various issues while working in then
organisation. In context with TESCO weak culture automatically ruin effectiveness of
employee's workforce and productivity of a company.
In order to attain specific goals and objectives, TESCO should use all the components of
power culture whenever they are in need they must be taken into the consideration. It is because
all four components of organisational culture helps the company at some period of time.
Organisation's politics
Organisation's politics refers to the self interest of an individual without any concern of
an objective of the company to achieve goals. It creates a lot of issues in working staff of the
company due to bad politics. In relation with TESCO, most of the employees are playing bad
politics due to with other employee suffered a lot (Hack-Polay, 2018). It will impact on their
performances and the reputation of an organisation as well. For example of politics of company
affect the business operations as well as impact on team members and individuals. Positive
impact includes mangers provides good working environment and negative impact shows like
back beaching, spreading rumours etc.
Positive impact: In order to achieve major target, employees can figure out unique ideas
of other employees and use it as a team so that there will be a huge profit for TESCO.
Negative impact: Organisation politics are basically a major problem because it impact
every employee in their workforce. If there is politics in TESCO then there will be higher
possibility that employees can resign from there job. It will impact on the reputation of an
organisation in the market place as well.
The above discussion concludes that organisational politics can be bad for employees
which led them to resign from the job. It also impact the reputation of the organisation.
Organisation's Power
It states that organisation power is the ability to influence the behaviour of others or the
course of events. It helps to encourage the staff members at workplace. The organisation power
are of two types which are listed below:

Reward power: The manager or leaders offer rewards and incentives to encourage their
performance and increase their motivation. It has been conveyed through rewarding individuals
for compliance with one's wishes .
Coercive power: These are the powers of managers and leaders to suspend, dismissal and
demotion of the employees. Coercive power is conveyed through fear of losing the job and
receiving a poor performance review.
Positive impact
Power in the organisation increase the motivation level of employees and helps them in
increasing the productivity. In relation with TESCO, power in the organisation helps the
managers and leaders to increase the productivity.
Negative impact
It decrease the loyalty of workers and sometimes to those individuals of an organisation
who have powers can be partial to some employees rather than maintaining the equality.
Expert power-: it is one more power which utilise Tesco in order to those individual have
posses good knowledge and skills on specific field so easily solve problems. It positive impact
increasing performance of employees.
In order to conclude the discussion, it can be said that power leads to functional form of
ability to influence the behaviour of others and the course of events (Katou, 2017).
TASK 2
P2) Critically evaluate various theories of motivation and techniques in context of organisation.
Motivation is a important aspect for an organisation in order to achieving goal and
objective of company. It is related to organisation as well as employees of company. Employees
work can be accomplished in effective manner when manger motivated employees towards the
work. It is duty of manger or team leasers to motivated employees so easily achieved a target.
TESCO is one of the leading supermarket chain in UK so, their manger motivated a subordinates
in order to improve performance of employees. Company also utilize various techniques because
effectively implemented to trained them so easily analysed the needs and wants of customer. It is
main focused to provide a best services to customer reason being retaining customer longer
period of time. Top level management evolves with HR manager so timely providing training
programme so it is beneficial for company and business achieving growth. In context of

company, utilizes various motivational techniques, theories, process along with the concept so
the culture and policies of organisation is improved in effective manner which are discuss below
(Kirsten, 2018).
Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory-: These theory is given by Frederick Herzberg. He is one
of great philosopher in order to mentioned motivating concept. These theory also known as
motivation-hygiene theory. It includes philosopher mentioned in these theory which relates
provide a good working environment to employees so it get job satisfaction and help to reduce
dissatisfaction among staff and job. These theories involves various kind of factor which affect
the satisfaction of employee's so describe below.
Motivational factor-: It is most important factor for the organisation as well as employee
also. TESCO is also utilize these factor because managers must be focus needs and demand of
employees in order to solve all the problems which is faced in working environment. It also
significantly utilized because employee is satisfied so easily achieved targets of company.
Mangers and HR manger play vital role to motivates employees and also provides different kind
of benefits like promotions, perks and increasing pay scale.
Good working environment-: These factor also includes in these factor because provide
effective and efficient working style so improved their work performance. In reference of
organisation, it include hygiene factor also in order to get safe and secured working culture so
employees get motivated towards the work. Staff faces so many issues in job so also it is
responsibility of manger to solve all the problems which is related to works. Manger of TESCO
must be focused on the employees needs like basic need, psychological needs, job security and
development programmes so it is good for employee and organisation also (LEVI, 2014).
Content theory-: It is basically main focused on specific need which must be
accomplished employees due to improve performance level of staff. TESCO is required to fulfil
the needs and wants of employees because it is valuable asset of the company. These theory
includes various kind of other theory like Maslow's need hierarchy, Alderfer's ERG, Herzberg's
two-factor etc. In respect of organisation mangers utilize all theories to motivated employees
towards the work and helps to achieves the goal or set objectives.
Lockey's Theory-: These theory is established by Edwin Locke which is considered as
setting a different objectives in order to organisation get achieved a higher profitability at market
place. In reference of company, it includes various kind of objective such as performance

objective, challenge setting and sales targets and setting goals (Nwali, 2018). In organisation
team leader provides all the information of members which is related to work so it should be
completed in specific time period and work completed in effective manner.
Process theory-: These theory refers to the behaviour of employees and also measures a
different aspect as a basic elements of an employees. It helps to evaluated a behaviour of
employees in context of organisation and work towards. TESCO has considered various theories
like Victor Vroom's, Adam’s equity theory, Skinner's reinforcement theory and many more.
Tesco effectively utilise all the theories of motivation in order to increasing profitability and
productivity of company and it also impact on business operations such as smooth flow of
operations as well as promoting equality between employees.
Thus, these theories play vital role in organisation and motivated a employees on these
basis. Mangers formulated these theories so improve employees work performance (Odor, 2018).
TASK 3
P3) Differentiate between effective team and ineffective team in relevance of cooperation with
team.
Cooperation and coordination with teams in effectively so it is beneficial for both
organisation along with employees. Electively coordinate with team members so work should be
accomplished fabulous manner. The main motives to effectively divided team members in order
to increase their interaction with each other and desired goal achieved. TESCO management
team plan the policies, rule and regulation so all the teams work completed in specific time and
also arrange various programmes for employment engagement.
Effective team-: Effective team refers to those which involves in work should be attain
specific time period with available resources. It utilize their abilities and capabilities in effective
manner so achieved the goals of organisation (Sathiya, 2019) . Moreover, team members are best
features is open and honest communication.
Ineffective team-: It is team which is not capable and able to do work in effective manner
. It is major element those members work in not completed together and coordination so result as
conflicts and disagreements. TESCO utilize detailed comparison between effective and
ineffective team members.
Effective team Ineffective team

 This elements work as interdependence
and members are coordinate well so
achieved a desired goals. In TESCO
members are coordinating with each
other so effectively work completed in
proper manner.
 In reference of organisation, superiors
setting goals and objective and clearly
defined to its members in order to
positively adapting changes according
to the environment.
 Managers of TESCO always take
decision in effectively along with the
employees. Properly discuss with the
team members.
 Communication is essential aspect so
must be clear and proper manner so
does not create a any kind of
misunderstanding. In context of
company, team members participate
and express their opinion and views
and then take decision.
 In relevance of organisation, team
member work does not be completed
with coordination and interdependence
element not use in effective manner.
 In reference of TESCO, these team
members not work together so they
cannot achieved desired goals.
 Centralised system in TESCO so
superiors has power to take decision in
effective manner. Employees not
involve in decision procedure.
 Management of TESCO communicate
to employees and gives a orders but
employees not communicate with
seniors so it is one way
communication. It includes employees
doe not ask question related to his work
so it leads to ineffective management.
Hence, it is an important for organisation management to effectively formulated a
strategy and organised proper structure so communication floe in proper manner. It is essential
employment engagement because increasing productivity and profitability of company. Manager
assign roles and responsibilities of employees and motived towards the work (Kirsten, 2018).

TASK 4
P4) Critically examine various concept and philosophies which utilized in organisation on
differentiate condition.
TESCO has utilized different concept on various condition in order to mangers provides a
direction to employees about the necessary information, goals and work to completed in effective
manner. Managers assigned the works in order to work accomplished proper manner and
motivated towards work so it lead to improve work level (Hack-Polay, 2018). Organisation
structure play vital role so easily adapting philosophies because work should be completed in
effective manner. Communication flows in proper manner such top to bottom and vis-versa. The
concepts and philosophies utilize by mangers so which are mention below.
Duty and responsibility-: These factors is important for mangers has authority to
delegates the roles and responsibilities to employees in order to attain goal of the organisation. It
is responsible to evaluate performance and assign a task on basis of skills, abilities and
capabilities etc.
Integrity-: These factor is element which mainly emphasis on internal relationships
within the employees in organisation. Developing and maintain good interrelationship so it is
strengthen of company. Leaders lead members in order to achieved targets and also provide a
assistance those employees who is unable for doing particular work (LEVI, 2014).
On the basis of Leadership theory:
There are various kind of leadership theory so in theses context about the path goal
leadership theory. It is theory which is developed by Robert J. House, focused on the
management of organisation. According to the author, an expert in stream of management and
various leadership style. Leaders communicated properly objectives and goals of the company to
employees and also provide a direction to completed a work in effective manner. Coordination
between a team members is essential so work completed together and also help to each other.
Employees face so many issue so leaders solve them and prevention also provided. However , it
also established reward system so it is best way to motivated employees on the basis of
performance. TESCO also utilizes different philosophies which helps to activities smoothly
perform and operations are completed day by day (Nwali, 2018).
Employees characteristics-: Those employees has experience so work can be done very
well manner. Evaluation of performance on different basis and accordingly provide a rewards to

employees. Mangers assign work to employees on the basis of skill, abilities and capabilities in
order to perform well accordingly. Motivation is a important aspect so employees get tired to
done similar kind of activities so organised a fun activities so change work culture.
Working environment-: Task assigned by mangers so must be ensure to provide a proper
working environment and culture so employees not face any kind of issues. In TESCO managers
responsible to division of work so and provide enough support to employees so task completed
in effective manner. Safe, healthy and secured working environment motivated employees and
enhancing job satisfaction aspect.
Leadership style-: It is refers to organisation applied different types of style and
behaviours in order to achieved a goal of firm. There are different types of style which TESCO is
utilized in effective manner .
Supportive-: It is important style from organisational point of view as well as employees.
In relevance of company, motivated and encouraging employees towards the task is completed
appropriate time. It also motivated to easily achieved goals and personal goal which relates to
employees career. It leads to improve a present performance and also future performance
(Farris, 2018).
Participative-: According to this style, TESCO is adapting these style in effective manner
and also increasing involvement of its members so coordinated to each other and particular task
is completed. Encouraging employees to participate in activities which implements to get
rearwards on the basis of performance which result as good for careers.
Directive-: Leaders of TESCO provides direction to employee's so enhancing overall
work performance. These types of style utilize in effective way because goals accomplished
easily. It includes very specific steps of direction which leads to fay to fay operation completed
in proper manner (Fasanmi, 2018).
Achievements-: It is result of motivation ad leaders encouraging employees towards the
work. Leaders focused on employees engagement which leads to given appraise work
performance. In context of firm, it utilize a effective reward system which result as employee
perform above set criteria so provides a rewards on different categorize.

Recommendations
There are two recommendations which help organisation to established effective and
efficiently working culture and help to improve performance of employees so which are
mentioned below.
First, HR manger responsible to educated the employees and proper guidance about work
and work environment. Managers set code of conduct regarding discrimination between
employees and motivated as well as encouraged employees to achieved goals and objective of
company.
Second recommendation is mangers evaluates employees performance in fairly manner.
Evaluation should be measure on employees work performance and not based on their gender. In
organisation top level management must be situated reward system so provides rewards on the
basis of performances.
CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of report it has been concluded, Organisational behaviour is
important elements because it is is a study of variety of things such as cultures, policies,
guidelines and rules of company. It is mainly focused the productivity and profitability of
company in order to achieved a organisation goal and objectives. It is study about various
motivation theories so encouraging employees towards the work performance as well as
philosophies which is utilized in organisation on different situations. It includes effective and
ineffective team aspect in order to task accomplished together in proper time manner.