Organisational Behaviour Analysis: A Tesco Case Study

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organisational behaviour within Tesco plc, a major UK-based multinational grocery store. The study examines the influence of power, culture, and politics on individual and team behaviour, utilizing Handy's typology to understand Tesco's organizational culture across power, role, task, and person cultures. It further explores the impact of various power structures, including coercive, legitimate, referent, and expert power, as defined by French and Raven. The report then evaluates content and process theories of motivation, particularly Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Vroom's expectancy theory, and how these theories are applied to enhance employee performance and achieve organizational goals. The analysis extends to team effectiveness, differentiating between effective and ineffective team dynamics. Finally, the report applies the concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within the specific business context of Tesco, including the application of positive politics and the importance of employee engagement.

UNIT 12
ORGANISATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
PI Analyse how power, culture and politics can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in organisational context................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Demonstrate what makes an effective team an opposed to ineffective team.........................6
TASK 4 ...........................................................................................................................................8
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB in organisational context in specific business
situation ......................................................................................................................................8
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to the study of the human behaviour that helps in
enhancing the overall performance of the organisation by working effectively and efficiently.
This system identifies the various areas of working in the working environment that will affect
the performance, communication, motivation, job structure etc. This report is based on Tesco plc
that is one of the largest multinational groceries store in UK headquartered in Welwyn garden
city, Hertfordshire, England. The company deals in varieties of product range such as food,
clothing, Home ware etc. The study is undertaken the culture, politics and power including the
various motivational theories that encouraged the employees for effective work so that company
will earn higher profits. At last path goal theory helps in solving the issues that the workforce
can be faced so that work can be done appropriately(Chumg and et. al., 2016).
TASK 1
PI Analyse how power, culture and politics can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
There are various factors which is included in influencing the individual and team
behaviour that gives the proficient results to the company. In context of Tesco these following
terms can elaborated below that impact the organisation proficiency and individual
productivity(Miao and et. al., 2020).
Organisational culture
Culture refers to the beliefs, norms and values in which organisation can perform there
functions to longer sustainability in marketplace. In case of Tesco, culture can be explained by
using the Handy typology model because it gives clear understanding about following culture
and it can be shown below.
 Power culture- It can be adopted by manager for their employees so that they can
properly do their function within business firm. For Tesco, manager have the power to
control and manage the several activities of organisation in effective manner. This will
enhance the company performance by getting the appropriate results by the workers side.
 Role Culture- This type of culture states that roles and responsibilities to workforce in
the organisation. In Tesco, manager can follows this style of culture where they can
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delegate the roles according to the individual skills and knowledge so that performance
can be enhanced and company will get higher results(James, 2017).
 Task Culture- It refers to that culture in which managers can assigned the task
according to the individual abilities and capabilities so that organisation will enjoy more
productive results. In this manager of Tesco can mainly focused on this culture so that
individual specialisation can be increased and also company will get profitable outcomes.
 Person Culture- In this culture model manager can identify the individual potential by
analysing their skills and capabilities. In terms of Tesco, manager regularly encourage
their workers this helps the company to getting the innovative ideas so that high
proficiency results can be enjoyed by the firm. It also helps in enhancing the individual
performance due to this productivity would be enhanced(Clay-Williams and Braithwaite,
2015).
Organisational Power
It refers to that concept which defined the ability of the organisational structure in which
they can utilize all the essential resources like humans, machines etc. in development of
organisational profits. In terms of Tesco manager can follows the various power in working
environment that gives effective results. In this French and Raven can proposed the various types
of power and some of them can be shown below(Wong, Mahmud and Omar, 2015).
 Coercive power- It refers to that power that is used to punish the employees for their
poor performance that will impact the organisation good performance. In this if Tesco
manager can adopts this power than high profits would be gained by them and enhances
the team performance but are demotivated individual ones.
 Legitimate Power- This power is adopted by manager of Tesco to control the activities
of the employees. By following this power organisation can control their team mates in
proper manner that gives the efficient result(Larijani and Saravi-Moghadam, 2018).
 Referent Power- In this power manager of Tesco can enhance the confidence level in
their employees by being trusted and respected. In this they can fairly treat their workers
so that they give their best for longer sustainability of business firm.
 Expert Power- This type of power reflects experience, knowledge of an individual
person in organisation. In context of Tesco manager can allot the as per the individual
experience so that task can be done effectively and efficiently.
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Organisational Politics
It refers to that politics which is informal, unofficial and behind the scene efforts to sell
their ideas and thoughts that will influence the organisation in enhancing the productivity by
achieving the set objectives. Politics within organisation can be impacted negatively and
positively on the workforce of the company. As in this manager of Tesco can used the politics
for completing the work in effective and efficient way. In this if manager can use positive
politics in which they an listen to their employees and fulfils their demands that it will helps in
enhancing individual performance. But in this if manager cannot listen their workers and force to
follows only the orders that it impact negatively on person performance but task can be
completed effectively(Anagnostopoulos and Papadimitriou, 2017).
Positive way- If manager can listen their employees and consider their ideas in attaining
goals than it gives proficient results.
Negative way- If leaders of Tesco can only pass the orders where they cannot understand
their employees issues than it will negatively impact the organisational performance and
individual and team productivity.
By analysing the above three dimensions i.e. power, culture and politics Tesco manager
can adopts the role culture where they can offers the particular role to the employees as per their
skills, experiences etc. and in this they can adopts the referent power so that workers are
encourages for good working and company will gain higher profits with maximising the team
performance. In this leaders can also listen the employees issues by following the positive
politics so that longer retention of employees in firm that will enhance overall productivity and
proficiency(Chang and et. al., 2016).
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in organisational context
Motivation refers to that process which is used to initiates, maintains and guides the
individual performance so that goals can be attained in time. It is an experience of desire and
aversion. In context of Tesco, Motivations helps the manager for encouraging employees and so
that company will gain productive results. There are two types of motivation theories i.e. content
and process theory of motivation that can be shown below.
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Content Theory of Motivation
This theory is mainly focus on the 'what' situation that denotes that what motivates an
individual person for effective working at the workplace. In case of Tesco, manager can adopts
the maslow need hierarchy theory for understanding the content theory that can be explain
below(Bester, Stander and Van Zyl, 2015).
Maslow's need hierarchy theory
This need is to be comprising with five levels of hierarchy that involves psychological
needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs and self actualisation needs that is adopted by the
manager of Tesco for depicts how employees are encourages towards the good working. This
fives aspect of model can be shown below.
Illustration 1: source: The 5 Levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
 Basic needs- It refers to that need which includes food, water, shelter etc. and in case of
Tesco manager can motivates their employees by providing the accommodation facility
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to nearby office, pay fair salary this will impact positively on employee performance and
helps in gaining higher profits.
 Safety needs- This can depicts the safety requirement which motivates the workers for
effective working. In case of Tesco, manager can offers the various insurance and
medical policy to their employees so that they work effectively by fulfilling their safety
needs.
 Social needs- In this need manager of Tesco can provide the social status by enhancing
their level of performance by proper training and development session. This occur in
employees after above both needs are satisfied that helps in attaining the goal on time.
 Self esteem needs- In this Tesco manager can provide the proper rewards for their good
performance by enhancing their level of position so that other workers are also
encouraged towards it. This will enhance the overall employees performance that gives
proficient results to firm.
 Self actualisation needs- After all the above needs are satisfied employees are focus on
working this needs in this they achieves high in the life to practice more so that they
present the best version in front of whole organisation(Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017).
Process Theory
It refers to the 'How' context that explains the how entity changes and develops. This
explains how the behaviour are initiated of an individuals. In context of Tesco, manager can
focus on the mechanism that helps in encouraging employees for their good working so that firm
can gain the target. In this company can adopts the use of Vroom Expectancy theory that can be
shown below.
Vroom Expectancy theory
It refers to that theory which examines the changes in individual behaviour as per the
needs that motivates them for achieving the overall targets. In this performance of employees are
based on their skills, knowledge and experience and this linked with performance and efforts.
This model involves expectancy, instrumentality and valance that can be shown below.
 Expectancy- It deals with the efforts that leads to the performance that is affected by
efficient resources, right job etc. in context of Tesco manager can individual are working
for gaining higher profits and revenues in this workers only focus on their performance
rather than team work.
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 Instrumentality- It shows the results on the basis of performance that means if an
individual perform their task well than company will get profitable results. In Tesco,
employees perform better for getting high rewards as a motivation and develops the trust
on top authority.
 Valance- In this employees are getting higher rewards when they perform their task
better and company will get the profitable outcome. Tesco can adopts this model for
encouraged their employees by offering the rewards as per their performance and their
overall efforts(Mohammad and et. al., 2015).
By analysing the above motivational theory it is evaluated that Tesco can adopts the
maslow's need hierarchy theory for fulfilling the basic needs of workforce by analysing their
needs and demands. This helps in enhancing the overall productivity within firm and also
improves the individual performance in working as a team. And in this vroom expectancy theory
based on performance and outcome that means employees get rewards and motivation according
to their performance and how they deal with the situation for getting profitable results. Both
these helps in maintaining the healthy working culture that helps in maximising higher profits.
TASK 3
P3 Demonstrate what makes an effective team an opposed to ineffective team
Team
When two or more than two people are working together for achieving the common goal
in a specified period of time is called team. In this effective team is the reason of higher success
because in this conflicts are not raised but the goals can be achieved on time. In terms of Tesco,
several types of team can be elaborated below(Katou, 2015).
 Functional team- It refers to the group of people in which people are working with
common functional expertise so that employees can share their work effectively for
achieving objectives. In context of Tesco, functional team can be made so that targets can
be achieved with no confusion and also information can be shared to the needy one.
 Problem solving team- This type of team can be made for solving the issues and
problems that arise within the company after solving the issues this team can be
dissolved. In context of Tesco, manager can made this team with the experienced
candidates so that problems can be solved within firm and helps in gaining higher profits.
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Difference between effective and ineffective team
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Concept It refers to a capacity of
gaining the goals and
objectives by completing it on
time. Effective team is the
reason of success and it also
helps in developing the
effective coordination between
team mates.
It refers to that in which goals
and objectives cannot be
achieved by the employees on
time frame and it is the basic
reason of project failure.
Goals In this team goals can be set by
the leaders of a team where
employees are supportive due
to this conflicts cannot be
faced by the employees and
and goals can be achieved on
prescribed time period.
In this type of team leaders
cannot describe the clear goals
and due to this conflicts may
be raised between employees
and goals cannot be completed
on time.
Communication In effective team manager can
follow the two way
communication due to this
employees feel valued and
complete their task effectively.
In this ineffective team
manager cannot follow the two
way communication due to
this employees are not
working properly because they
cannot understand the task
effectively.
Beblin Theory
This theory of team development suggest that individual has its own behaviour and
having their personal beliefs and values according to that they can set their activities and roles
within a team. By understanding the individual role in a team manager help in analysing the
strength and weakness of team mates that affects the overall performance of the team. In this
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different roles can be performed by an individual in a team that collectively gives the higher
results. Some of Beblin team roles can be followed by the Tesco that can shown below(Balmer
and Burghausen, 2015).
 Team work- It refers to that in which problems can be tackle in an effective manner by
the involvement of all team member. This helps in achieving the goals in an effective
way. In this work can be managed in every condition and according to that decision can
be taken that helps in enhancing the overall performance.
 Implementer- They are the one who execute the best strategy and decision within a team
that will carry in an effective way. In company implementer reflects as a most practical
person who turns their ideas and vision into reality and create a positive environment
within the working place.
 Specialist- In business venture specialist are the one who have a great knowledge
regarding every situation and solve it in an effective manner. This person is more
committed towards the goals by showing the confidence and dedication. In terms of
Tesco specialist are the one who have courage to solve the problems and gain the high
productivity results.
 Coordinator- In business enterprise coordinator is that one that manages their team
members for fulfilling the goals on specified period of time. This plays an essential role
in Tesco in developing the high class team because coordinator is the one who is more
confident and calm so that they can manage their team mates effectively. The main
purpose of this is to control the ineffectiveness that was present in the team and leads to
effective performance.
TASK 4
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of OB in organisational context in specific business
situation
Organisational behaviour is an integration of values, beliefs, customs and ideologies etc.
In this leaders of a Tesco can responsible for managing and coordinating the characteristics of
employees regarding the goals of the organisation. For understand the situation and gain higher
profits company can adopts the path goal theory that can shown below(Connolly and et. al.,
2017).
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Path goal theory
This theory is proposed by the Robert House that reflects the various application of
leadership theory according to the situation. In context of Tesco this theory is divided into three
major dimensions that can shown below:
 Employee characteristics- In this dimension leaders can taken into the account the
behavioural characteristics of employees so that managers can make the effective
strategies to motivates them(Chou and et. al., 2019). It is to be analysed that employees
are demotivated and depressed at the working environment with the current use of the
legitimate power at workplace i.e. Tesco.
 Task and environment characteristics- In this term leader of the company assure that
the task and environmental atmosphere is effective that is suitable for the team members
for accomplishing the desired goals within a set period of time. In terms of Tesco
negative working environment is placed that creates the conflicts between employees in
the business enterprise.
By analysing the above two dimensions it is to be examined that Tesco can facing the
issue in the communication that will create conflicts and negative environment within
organisation that also impact the overall performance of the individual person.
 Leadership behaviour- In this step leaders can determines the more suitable style of
leadership that is effective for current business situation and smooth functioning of the
operations so that employees are get motivated and done their task appropriately.
As per the present situation of negative environment at working place because of bad
communication between the team members in Tesco, leaders can adopts the participative style
of leadership that helps in overcoming the issues that was present within business firm. This
approach of leadership helps in providing the opportunity to the employees for sharing their
ideas for gaining higher profits. This helps in feeling satisfied by the employees due to this
productive results can be enjoyed by the organisation. On the other hand it contains the one
major drawback that it is very time consuming process due to which taking decisions is delayed.
In this participative style of leadership have positive and negative impact on working
area. As in positive way it can enhance the productivity and performance of the employees so
that they give efficient results to the firm. At the same time it also reflects the negative impact by
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creating the dissimilarity in the thoughts of the individual person. In this manager can face the
difficulty to select the appropriate ideas for completing the project.
The term organisational behaviour involves the path goal theory that determines by three
basic features i.e. employees characteristics, Task and environment characteristics and leadership
style. According to the above analysis of first two determinants present situation of the business
firm can be ascertained and as per that leadership style is selected. In this if the leader cannot
select the effective leadership style than it gives negative impact on the company and this lead to
the major corporate issues. On the other hand if the leadership style is selected appropriately than
it helps in removing the problems of ineffective communication because of this conflicts may be
raised. Effective leadership style helps in gaining higher profits and revenues so that organisation
would sustain for a longer period of time.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it is to be concluded that the organisational behaviour is an
effective term because it helps in gaining the higher profits and revenues. It inculcates the
various terms like power, politics and culture that may impact the behaviour of an employees and
the whole organisational performance. In this motivational theories helps in boosting the morale
of the individual person at working place by offering them rewards so that firm will get higher
results. In this content and process theory both are effective. It also explains the effective team
and ineffective team comparison so that organisation can adopts according to their success. At
last leadership style play a significant role in dealing with different situation that was occur
within the firm because it can removes the conflicts by taking corrective actions on frequent
basis.
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