Organisational Behaviour Report: Waitrose, Unit 12, HND Business

This report delves into the organisational behaviour of Waitrose, examining how culture, politics, and power influence individual and team performance. The report discusses these factors and their impact on employee behaviour. It explores content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, as well as Vroom's Expectancy Theory. The analysis extends to team development theories, evaluating how these concepts support cooperation and enhance team effectiveness. Furthermore, the report analyzes organisational behaviour concepts and philosophies, assessing their influence on behaviour within Waitrose. The report provides recommendations to improve business performance, productivity, and the achievement of organisational goals. The report also examines the cultural web model and Handy's model of organizational culture.

OB MY ORGANISATION IS
WAITROSE

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
COMPANY ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................................3
LO1..............................................................................................................................................................3
P1- Discussing how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual, team Behaviour
and performance.....................................................................................................................................3
M1- Studying how the culture, politics and power of an organization can influence individual and team
Behaviour and performance....................................................................................................................7
LO2..............................................................................................................................................................7
P2- Explanation of content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an Organisational...............................................................................7
M2- Exploring Behaviour of others through the effective application of behavioral motivational
theories, concepts and models..............................................................................................................10
D1- Investigating the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enables teams
and organizations to succeed providing justified recommendations....................................................10
LO3............................................................................................................................................................11
M3- Examining team and group development theories that will support development of cooperation
within effective teams...........................................................................................................................12
LO4............................................................................................................................................................14
P4- Analyzing the concepts and Organisational Behaviour within an Organisational............................14
M4- Evaluating how philosophies and concepts of organizational behavior influence & inform
behavior within Waitrose......................................................................................................................15
D2- Explaining the relevance of the team development theories, concepts and philosophies that
influence Behaviour in the work place to improve business performance and productivity.................17
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
The present report is based on topic Organisational Behaviour which means the study of
knowing the Behaviour of the people related to how they interact in groups and following
different types of the attempts which will result in operating business more effectively. The
chosen firm of the report is Waitrose. The report will discuss about the effect of culture, politics
& power on the Behaviour of others in an Organisational context. Organizational behavior is
defined as appropriate study of understanding about how workers act within a company (Jacobs
and Manzi, 2020). The study will also include different types of the theories and the modal that
are related to the motivation and team that result in effective achievement of goals. With the
assistance of the above report it will also give the information about the how to encourage
individuals and groups to reach at set aim. It will also evaluate how to cooperate effectively with
others and apply concepts as well as philosophies of OB to a given business situation.
COMPANY ANALYSIS
The company was formed in the year 1904 in Acton, London, United Kingdom. It has around
1500 essentials products that also includes grocery, lunchbox, household, health & beauty on the
other hand the services are entertaining, florist, gifts and cellar. The markets of the company are
groceries and other sources (Martin-Neuninger and Ruby, 2020). The competitors of the
company are mark and spencer and Sainsbury. The mission of the company is that the happiness
of their all the members by their worthwhile and satisfying employment in the successful
business (Jones and Comfort, 2020). The partnership of the company is also owned by the trust
of the members and shares the responsibility by giving rewards. The vision and objective of the
company is that everything which is discounters are not be focusing on the services, range or
making their stores expensive (Trewern and et.al., 2021).
Objectives of Waitrose-
 To gain competitive edge
 To enhance consumer satisfaction

 To increase profitability more than competitors
LO1
P1- Discussing how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual, team
Behaviour and performance
Politics- it is one of those activities at workplace that includes usage of power and effective
networking to achieve modifications that may benefit a firm and individual within it (Budiasih
and et.al., 2020).
Power- it defined as element that a manager and a leader may use to influence other people
at work area (Cruz, 2021).
FACTORS IMPACT ON
INDIVIDUAL
IMPACT ON TEAM
BEHAVIOUR
IMPACT ON
PERFORMANCE
CULTURE It results in impacting
the decisions of the
individuals that are
based upon the
emergence of gender
inequalities, timing of
the meetings and
reporting business
performance (Hughes,
Roe and Hocknell,
2021).
It impacts the
communication,
motivation,
individuals
performance in the
team by solving
conflicts (Imron and
et.al., 2021).
It is based upon the
productivity rises,
business performance
and business goals in
the organization
(Cheema and et.al.,
2020).
POLITICS It impacts the
Behaviour of the
individuals that are
working in the
organization.
It impact the
Behaviour of the
individuals
(Hochwarter and
et.al., 2020).
It impact the job
performance and
relationships (Zhuang
and et.al., 2020).
POWER It impacts the working By this the team It results in producing

of the individuals members can share
their opinions by
emerging voices
the speed and strength
by movement quickly.
THEORY
POLITICS: by using the four metaphors of Organisational politics the company can influence
individual and team Behaviour and performance. They are of four types
• The weeds
It has annoying personal influence and informal network rules that is very dynamic that grew
naturally without having any maintenance (Haavik, 2020). It is also a good thing. It includes
understanding of different types of networks that plays an important role in the organization on
the other hand it also helps them for long term financial footing.
• The rocks
It is related to individual interaction a formal that are based upon different types of authority’s
data title, roll, and access an expertise to resources. It also includes different types of political
capital that comes from membership that happens from strong ties do a high status group that our
financial committee and senior management team (Williams, 2021).
• The high ground
It helps organization to influence their individual and team behavior performance by combining
formal authorities an organizational system it is also used to describe the rules, structures,
policies and guidelines that are related to political activities. The benefit of this is it provides
check against the individual level autocratic individuals. It is also known as functional political.
• The woods
Providing covenant safety for the people who are working in the organization where good ideas
unnecessary get lost. It is very important to understand the words that are from tease because

they are the format if we focus on the symptoms rather than having barriers to the strategy
execution.
POWER: it considered as system of shared values, beliefs and assumption that show workers
what is right and unethical. By using the handy model of organizational Culture the organization
power influence individual, team behavior and performance. There are four types that is
• Power
In the organization power remain in the hands of the other it is that take decision. They are the
person who enjoyed different types of privileges which is very important in the workplace and
are also known as measure decision makers.
• Task culture
In this the organization gave different task to their employees which will result in achieving the
targets are solving problems by following task culture. In this the organization individual have
common interest to come together to form a team.
• Person culture
In this organization make sure that their employees are very important part of the organization to
achieve the goals and objectives which also resulted in influencing the team behavior and
performance. In this the individual are more concerned about themselves compared to
organization.
• Role culture
In this organization gives different rules and responsibility to their employees according to their
interest, education and specialization to extract best out of them. In this they also decide what
best they can do by accepting the challenges.
CULTURE: Cultural web is a kind of strategic tool that may use to map environment of a
company and is a way of seeing and comprehending varied influences that affect its business. By
using the cultural web model the company influences individual and team behavior which also
include performance that are related to culture (Morris, 2020). It includes six elements that are

• Stories
It is related to past events that are the people talk about inside and outside the company. Waitrose
story define its success in retail industry (Pérez, Baraibar-Diez and García de los Salmones,
2020).
• Rituals and routines
In this it shows daily behavior and actions of the people data related to signal expectable
behavior (Helmold, 2021).
• Symbols
It helps in representing the logo, dress code and flush offices of the company.
• Organizational structure
By this organization has the individual to understand what is the organizational chart and lines
that are related to power and influence which indicate contribution.
• Control systems
It is the way in which organizational is controlled which include financial systems and rewards.

• Power structure
It is related to pockets of real power in the company which include whole group of executives
are department data influence upon operations, decisions and strategic directions.
M1- Studying how the culture, politics and power of an organization can influence individual
and team Behaviour and performance
By using different types of the modals that are four metaphors of Organisational politics, Charles
Handy’s Model of Organisational Cultural and cultural web the Waitrose influence their
individuals, team Behaviour and performance. In the organization plays an important role for the
members to understand all this because it will help in performing the tasks in better manner.
LO2
P2- Explanation of content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an Organisational
Content theories are used by the organization to find out the factors that help them to motivate
their employees. On the other hand process theory is termed as the ideas that help in explaining
the how entity changes and develops.
CONTENT THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
MASLOW’S NEED HIERARCHY: The theory is used by the organization to achieve the
goals data comprises of five tier models of human needs data psychological, safety, love a
belonging needs, esteem and self actualization. It helps in motivating their staff by fulfilling their
basic needs that are:
• Psychological needs which are related to biological requirements of a human survival which
includes drink, shelter, food and sleep. If all these needs are not fulfilled, then human cannot
perform optimally.
• Safety needs in this all the needs are related to security and safety as the people want
experience order and control in their lives. As it can be fulfilled by family and society like
schools and businesses.

• Love and belongingness needs it is the third level of human needs which includes all the human
emotional needs that include connectedness, interpersonal relationship and being a part of a
group. For example friendship.
Figure 1: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
(Source: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, 2020)
• Esteem needs is related to respect and accomplishment which include achievement and status.
In this the organizational need to respect and give reputation to the individual who are doing hard
work for the organization to achieve its goals and objectives.
• Self-actualization needs it is the most important needs that is to be fulfilled better related to
personal potential, seeking personal growth and peak experience.
HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY: This helps in trying to get a route that
is related to motivation in the workplace. It also helps the organization to get best performance
from their team. It includes two types of factors that are related to motivators and hygiene factors
(Mehrad, 2020). It plays an important role that is related to motivation that results in effective
achievement of goals in the organization.

• Motivating factors Results in motivating the employees to increase the performance and
productivity of the employees by fulfilling all their needs data related to achieving goals and
objectives. In this the presence of motivated result in causing employees to work harder at the
time of founding actual jobs itself.
Figure 2 Herzberg's two factor theory
(Herzberg’s Motivation Theory – Two Factor Theory, 2018)
• Hygiene factors it result in causing employees to work less hard. They are not presenting actual
jobs but are surrounded in the jobs. Poor hygiene related result in decreasing employee job
satisfaction.
PROCESS THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
VROOM’S EXPECTANCY THEORY: It how is the organization in knowing the relationship
between people behaviors at work and their worlds was not imagined by the scientist. The theory
has said that the performance is not based upon the factors that are knowledge, personality,
ability and experience (Olokooba and et.al., 2018). They are based upon positive correlation

between efforts and performance better favorable performance with desirable reward. It includes
three believes that are
• Valence
It means that the emotional people older respect that is related to outcomes. It is all the depths of
the want of and implies that are related to money and promotion.
• Expectancy
Employees in the organization have different expectation and level of confidence about the
things in which they are capable of doing. It is the duty of the management to discover, resources
or supervision employees need.
• Instrumentality
It is related to perception of the employees is regarding whether they get what is promised by
their manager. It is a duty of the organization to fulfill all the promises that they have made to the
employees that are related to awards.
ADAM’S EQUITY THEORY: It is related to maintaining the relationship between the
performance and rewards data related to others. In the other one it is also known as employees
get demotivated by their jobs insert inputs are more than the outputs. This story is based on
different types of reception data related to individual make contribution which are related to
expect certain rewards on the other hand it is related to validate the exchanges in which the
individual compares inputs and outputs which try to rectify their inequality (Sheehan, McCabe
and Garavan, 2020). There are three types of relationship that arises in individual input outcome
that are
• Overpaid iniquity which means that individual outcomes are more compared to their inputs at
the time of relationship with others.
• Underpaid iniquity in this the outcomes of individual are less compared to their inputs.
• Equity I related to outcomes in relationship is inputs in which they are equal to others.

This truly has been showing the level of motivation among the individual in the working
environment. If the organizational will treat fairly their employees then it will result in highly
motivating at the time of doing task.
M2- Exploring Behaviour of others through the effective application of behavioral motivational
theories, concepts and models.
By using the reinforcement theory it is related to the assumption that is regarding the Behaviour
of the employees which are dependent upon different situation. The aim of the theory is related
to considering the hard work of the employees in return giving them the salary and bonus which
will motivate them to perform more for achieving the goals.
D1- Investigating the relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that enables
teams and organizations to succeed providing justified recommendations
 Critical evaluation on culture, power and politics
It can be evaluated that organizational culture, power and politics result in influencing day-to-
day operations of the company along with which also includes governing the atmosphere (Fuhr,
2017). The impact that is caused by power and politics give direct reflection on the
organizational culture that is based on formally along with informally.
 Hofstede’s dimension of culture
By using this model the organization have shown the relationship between culture, politics and
motivation that result in team and organization success. The theory is based upon 4 dimensions
which also include culture values that are individualism, collectivism, avoidance, how is distance
and masculinity and femininity.
 Justified recommendations
It can be recommended that the company should adopt the best leader which can build up a
strong relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation because it is the main things
that result in achieving goals and objectives of the organization. If the motivation in the
organization is strong then it will also result in employees putting their hardware which will
create or increase the productivity.

LO3
P3- Explaining the different between effective and ineffective team
Effective vs Ineffective team
Factors Effective Team Ineffective Team
Underlying goals In this the objective of
the task are easily
understood and accepted
by members
It is very difficult for
them to understand what
is the group task and
objective
Member contribution At the time of the
discussion every person
participate and remains
pertinent in group (Meir,
2017)
The people in the this
have different opinion at
the time of discussion
Listening Members of the group
listen each other
In this the members do
not listen to each other’s
Conflict resolution There is disagreement Disagreement are not
dealt effectively by the
groups
Decision Making Most of the decisions are
clear in the group
Actions are taken in the
advance before knowing
the issues
Leadership The chairperson have no
dominate
In this the leadership
remains with the
chairperson
Self-evaluation The group members are
very conscious about
their operations
In this they avoid the
discussion of
maintenance
Division of Labour Actions are very clear in
a assignments
In this actions results
unclear

M3- Examining team and group development theories that will support development of
cooperation within effective teams
TEAM DEVELOPMENT- By using the Tuchman’s team development model the organization
has developed the cooperation within effective teams (Lever, 2019). Types of the stages are:
• Forming
It is related to team development which is known as the orientation in the new job. In this their
team discuss about different types of things that are related to project goals, timeline, ground
rules and individual role. The aim of this project is to focus more on the people who are working
as compared to the work.
• Storming
The aim of this stage which is related to conflict and competition that is from individual
personality emerge. In this stage team performance decreases because of their all the energy are
put into unproductive activities.
• Norming
In this stage conflicts are resolved along with this some degree of unity emerges. On the other
hand consequences also develop regarding who is the leader and what is the individual role in the
organization.
• Performing
In this stage conscious and corporation are very well used as the team is very mature, well-
functioning and organized. In this the individual get clearance table structure data related to
team’s mission.
• Adjourning
This is the last stage of model that is related to team goals have been accomplished. In this the
organization wrapped final task and document data related to efforts and results (McLaren and
Appleyard, 2019).

GROUP DEVELOPMENT- By using the Belbin’s typology theory the company has explained
their development of cooperation within the effective teams. The nine roles are:
• Monitor evaluator in this organization take decisions that are based on facts and rational
thinking data very opposite from emotions. It includes all the seriousness of the individual data
related to critical thinking and strategic planning.
• the specialist is the team member who is expert in different fields data related to having full
knowledge about subject on the other hand it also result in contributing when a task requires their
area to be expertise (Duignan, 2019).
• The plant are known as the free thinkers and creative people in the group who have different
ideas and suggestions which result in making new and innovative decisions which create new
ways of doing things.
• The shaper is the extra verse who pushes their employees to achieve results. They are also
known as the dynamic and driver individual who motivate an inspired their team members to
achieve task.
• The implementer are the organizers who have different skills that is related to is structured their
environments by maintaining different orders they are also known as a practical people who
implement different types of plans for my ideas.
• The finisher is the person who performed quality assurance at the time of performing stages in
the project.
• The coordinator is the person who coordinate with it employees at the time of communicating
or interpersonal on the other hand it also help in giving directions for their employees to perform
the task.
• The team worker are the group of people who are friendly a mild disposition. They are also
known as the good listener who adapts different types of things that result in team functioning
together (Drake, 2019).

• The resource investigator is the person who has full talent about networking. They are also
known as the positive and enthusiastic people who always are explore new opportunities by
investigating new developments.
BASIS HARD SKILL SOFT SKILL
DEFINATION They are the types of the skills
which are measured by using
the talents and abilities (Sopa
and et.al., 2020).
It is the skills that are not
apply to the specific job but
are also universal (Asbari and
et.al., 2020).
ADVANTAGES It have minimum competency
level
It improves the performance
and productivity (Wibowoa
and et.al., 2020).
DISADVANTAGES It is better than other types of
the skills
It is very hard to prove
Benefits and drawbacks of effective teams-
The best advantage that firm may gain to have productive team at workplace is that it
may serve quality services and products to customers on time. On the other hand, it may have
drawback in term of over dependency upon team members that may lead to delay in activity
conduct decision when any member is absent.
Contribution of effective team to Waitrose performance-
It may contribute to enhance organization performance in term of working in productive
manner.
Reflection on team building experience-
It is one of the best experience that I had gain while developing effective team at
workplace because it enable me to know each candidate effectively and appropriately.

LO4
P4- Analyzing the concepts and Organisational Behaviour within an Organisational
By using the path goals theory the organization can improve their team performance and
productivity (Donia, Tetrault Sirsly and Ronen, 2017). Mainly this model is used by the
organization don't know what behavior of the leadership style with suit the employees a work
environment Mitchell result in achieving goals. The main goal of the organization is to increase
their employee’s motivation empowerment by giving full satisfaction so in return they can
become productive members of the Waitrose. Mainly flags full are based upon determining the
employer environmental characteristics that is by selecting which type of leadership is the best
for the organization which will result in focusing on the motivational factor that will help them
for employees succeed. The four type of leader’s behavior are
• Directive
Is this the leader of the organization direct coordinate with their employees about what they have
to do and how to perform a task by having full schedule and coordinating work?
• Supportive
In this the leader of the organization are very supportive to the employees at the time of
performing the task by behaving in friendly and approachable manner.
• Participative
In this the leader as their employees to come and participate at the time of decision-making
which will also result in building coordination among the members
• Achievement
In this behavior the leader of the organization said different types of challenging goals for their
members so that they will perform on the highest level by showing their full confidence to meet
that expectation (Dollhausen and Lattke, 2020).

M4- Evaluating how philosophies and concepts of organizational behavior influence & inform
behavior within Waitrose
Impact of organizational behavior concepts and theories on worker’s performance and attitude-
Path goal, contingency, Kotter’s 8 steps and organizational structure are those elements
that may put positive impact on performance, productivity and behavior of workers as it depends
on who a leader or manager may utilize these concepts (Dooly, Singh and Arumugam, 2020).
For example, when leaders and managers within Waitrose may apply each leadership style that
stated in path goal theory they may positively influence on both components in term of
motivating staff by providing appropriate directions and guidance to them.
Fiedler’s contingency concept-
It also affects in positive manner, when leader take decision after analyzing current
circumstance and finding reason behind occurrence of workplace issues (Liu and et.al., 2020).
On the other hand, it may impact negatively in term of less focusing on long term planning and
implementation that may prevent occurrence of similar problems again (Yazdanmehr, Ramezani,
and Aghdassi, 2020).
Organizational structure, design and system-
Just like above factors, system, design and management structure in Waitrose also impact
performance and behavior of workers (Eva and et.al., 2021). For example, flexible and
hierarchical organizational structure may clearly roles and accountabilities to each candidate
which enable them to perform accordingly and achieve business objectives.
Delegation of authority-
In term of procedure, this concept allow leader to assign or allot task to staff on the basis
of their skills and abilities, which they may fulfill on time as may put positive impact on their
performance and behavior in term of improving or increasing daily, which is beneficial for both,
organization and candidates (Bertelli and Busuioc, 2021).
Interpersonal and group behavior-

Positive and supportive nature of individual and teams may affect positively upon
worker’s performance and attitude in term of driving their attention towards collaboration and
coordination at workplace, which is actually important to do so for everyone (Downs, DeWine
and Greenbaum, 2020). It helps to maximize productivity and performance level.
Managing change (Lewin’s 3 steps analysis)-
Unfreeze, change and refreeze are one of those stages that help managing change and
allow leader to do so in systematic manner, which is quite important and beneficial for them
(Tracy, 2020). It may enable them to communicate, collaborate and support staff to engage in
overall procedure.
Organizational development-
When leader and manager may take initiative to support staff and determine their needs,
while taking decision in the context of Waitrose development. It may permit them to provide
greater value to workers, which they may feel and perform with loyalty, without making any
mistake as it may put positive impact on their performance and behavior too (Saleem and et.al.,
2020).
Communication-
Effective communication also plays vital role in term of increasing staff performance and
developing their behavior towards brand in positive form. It helps to build trustworthy
relationship at workplace and allow everyone to support each other (Lee and Li, 2020).
Path goal theory of leadership-
This concept put positive affect in worker’s behavior and their performance in term of
maximizing their efficiency and productivity, which is not an easy task to conduct into practical
manner and obtain benefits from it (Thoha and Avandana, 2020).
D2- Explaining the relevance of the team development theories, concepts and philosophies that
influence Behaviour in the work place to improve business performance and productivity
Application to the organization: it includes financial, human resource, messaging, sales
force, web portals, call center, marketing, manufacturing support applications.

Team development theories: It is the Tuckman’s modal which helps in knowing the
stages that will results in group development. By this the organization help their
employees at the time of the progress that are Forming, storming, norming and
performing (Carbonell, 2020).
Productivity improvement: It is termed as the process of achieving the output that is from
working an hour.
Adair’s action-centered leadership model: It is used by the organization for managing
their teams so that they can perform the entire task and objective will proper manner.
CONCLUSION
By summing up the above report it has been concluded that organization Behaviour plays an
important role in understanding the Behaviour of the groups in the organization. The report have
explained about organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual, team Behaviour
and performance. With the assistance of the above report it have given the information about
motivation theories that are based upon concept and process that are Maslow’s theory, vrooms
theory, HERZBERG’S MOTIVATION-HYGIENE THEORY and Adams equity theory. Lastly
it has also given the information about the team development theories, concepts and philosophies
that influence Behaviour in the work place to improve business performance and productivity.

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