Comparative Analysis and Impact Statement on Organisational Change

This report offers a comprehensive comparative analysis of organizational change, focusing on Marks & Spencer and John Lewis Partnership. It begins with an introduction to organizational change and its impact on strategy and operations. The report then delves into a comparison of the two companies, examining their structures, strategies, and approaches to change implementation. It includes PEST and SWOT analyses of Marks & Spencer, providing insights into external and internal factors influencing the company. The report explores barriers to change affecting leadership decision-making and examines different leadership approaches to managing change within Marks & Spencer. The report concludes with recommendations for minimizing the impact of environmental factors and improving change management strategies, drawing on theories such as Bohner and Arnold Change Impact Analysis. The report is a valuable resource for understanding the complexities of organizational change and leadership in the retail sector.

A comparative analysis and impact
statement report on organisational
change in different organisations

INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................3
SECTION ONE........................................................................................................................3
Introduction............................................................................................................................3
Comparison based on strategy and operations.......................................................................3
Marks and Spencer..................................................................................................................7
Introduction............................................................................................................................7
PEST Analysis........................................................................................................................7
SWOT analysis.......................................................................................................................9
Recommendations..................................................................................................................9
John Lewis Partnership.........................................................................................................11
Introduction..........................................................................................................................11
PEST Analysis......................................................................................................................11
SWOT analysis.....................................................................................................................11
Recommendations................................................................................................................12
SECTION TWO.....................................................................................................................12
Introduction..........................................................................................................................12
Different barriers of change that can influence leadership decision-making of (use the
company name)....................................................................................................................12
Different leadership approaches to dealing with change in Marks & Spencer....................14
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................15
REFERENCE.........................................................................................................................16

INTRODUCTION
A company has determined different strategies and policies that assists management
to incorporate changes in business processes in accordance of market operations and trends
(Arnold, 2019). These changes are important to be incorporated in the company so as to
improve productivity and profitability as these changes will attempt to improve skills and
capabilities of employees. Furthermore, these changes will ensure availability of new options
in terms of professional choices for employees as well. The changes which are made in the
operations and functions of the business may has positive or negative impact on the position
of the company. The organisation taken for this report is Marks & Spencer. The company
belong to retail industry and is founded by Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer in year
1884. The company has started its business from London, UK and is operating at global level.
The topics covered in the report are impact of change on organisation's strategy and
operations, internal and external factors which affect leadership, team and individual
behaviour within the organisation, negative impact of change on organisational behaviour,
different barriers which effect the decision making process and different leadership
approaches.
SECTION ONE
Introduction
This section includes discussion of comparison between different companies existing
in same industry on the basis of different factors that are influencing the process of
incorporating changes in business processes. For this purpose, chosen organizations are
Marks & Spencer and John Lewis Partnership. In addition to this, there is detailed discussion
of internal and external environmental analysis, that will help in to understand the impact of
different environmental factors on team work, leadership style and also the process of
incorporation changes in the company (Clack, 2020). These all discussion is done in context
of first company, i.e., Marks and Spencer. In last, there is a recommendation part, which
suggests about different techniques and tools to minimize the impact of various
environmental factors on organization. These suggestions are formulated using different
theories like Bohner and Arnold Change Impact Analysis. This whole discussion is also done
with respect to another company of same industry, i.e., John Lewis Partnership.

Comparison based on strategy and operations
In present business sense, every business wants to place its brand value in market in
such a way that they are able to gain the main end result that is management is desiring off
and also to establish strong namer in the market place. In relation of Marks and Spencer, the
main business line of company is retailing business of clothing and also due to high
profitability index of industry, company faces intense competition (Douglass, 2017). To gain
competitive advantage, most vital step is to determine and evaluate different formulated
strategies of the company and then compare these strategies with that of another big
competitor in that same industry. After this evaluation process, management of the company
will be able to identify the areas which requires improvement and also those areas which can
present the company with strong benefits. Following is the difference table:
Basis Marks & Spencer John Lewis Partnership
Structure The company has adopted
hierarchical organisational
structure to take on their
business operations.
According to this structure,
there is a ladder of several
stages that have been formed
to delegate and decentralize
the work load over different
stages. This hierarchy mainly
consists of three stages, and
they are lower, middle and
higher level. Though, this
structure concentrates on
dividing the work load, but it
also creates some issues, like
delay in process of decision
making. This is due to the
reason that information has to
pass from various stages to
Consequently, this company
is following hierarchical
structure. This is due to the
requirements of business
operations. According to this
organizational structure,
communication process is
followed in several levels.
This process is creating issues
of misunderstanding. This is
due to the reason that there is
a gap in the communication
process between different
employees of the company.
To solve the issue of
communication gap between
employees of the company,
the company is attempting to
change its organisational
structure and make a move

reach a specific destination.
This whole process of
transmitting the information
is very time consuming and
ultimately result in delay in
decision making (Drago-
Severson and Blum-
DeStefano, 2018). This
chosen organization is
operating at global level and
thus, considering large scale
of operations, it is advocated
to the management to shift to
flat structure from
hierarchical structure.
Adoption of flat structure will
help company to take
decisions in faster pace. In
the flat organisational
structure where the level of
departments get reduced and
it help the management in
quick decision making
process.
towards flat organisational
structure. This new channel
will facilitate employees to
communicate freely in the
company and also they can
put forward their view points
in the process of decision
making. This whole change
process will help the
company to mitigate the loss
and issue of communication
gap at office place.
Strategies In order to implement the
above discussed change, it is
important that company is
formulating different policies
and strategies that will
ultimately ease the process of
of incorporating changes in
communication process. This
will finally reflect in
In relation with John Lewis
Partnership, they are
concentrating on providing
training programs to their
workers, this will help them
to improve skill set of
employees (Hughes, 2016).
This improvisation can be
utilised to increase efficiency

improved productivity of the
organization. New structure is
useful for the employees as it
will facilitate them to
communicate directly the
individual who can meet the
requirement. This process
will eliminate the middlemen
policy and will make the pace
of decision making more
faster. If there will be fast
decision making, than it will
improve productivity levels
of employees and
management of the company
as well. Furthermore,
improved skills and abilities
of employees will result in
minimised conflicts and
confusions at the workplace.
These conflicts are ultimately
resulting in delay of work and
productivity levels (Hughes,
2018).
in productivity level of
employees and management
of the company.
Strategies for implementing
changes
To incorporate any changes,
it is important that a proper
course of action is prepared.
This action plan will include
formulation of different
policies and strategies. These
policies will be designed in
such a manner, that changes
are incorporated in efficient
Company is planning to
install flat hierarchical
structure in organisation so
that they can minimise the
losses of organisational
structure of hierarchical
structure. To implement this
changes, there are various
requirements that are needed

manner. In context of present
situation, company is
planning to adopt flat
organizational structure,
employees will be motivated
to adjust their operations
accordingly and also will be
helpful in minimising
conflicts situation in the
company.
to be met. To illustrate,
communication skills should
be improved. This will
ultimately reflect in
performance measure.
Ultimately, the end result will
be reflected through
minimisation of wastage,
completion of tasks in more
creative manner (Mesa and
Pringle, 2019).
Beyond the above table, there are various similarities that two companies, namely,
Marks and Spencer and John Lewis Partnership has. These similar factors come in front
during the process of incorporation of change at the work place and also in business
operations. Both organizations concentrate on conducting activities and tasks in such a
manner, that every little detail is transparent and there is no issue of corruption or bad
behaviour in the place. This way of working helps both employees and management of the
company to perform better in their job roles. To illustrate, if working of organization is
transparent, than employees will be satisfies and also they will feel valuable. This will
ultimately reflect in their improved performance. Along with this both retail organisations
also create proper roadmap and invite participations so that all activities related to
implementation of change will conduct effectively as well as successfully.
Marks and Spencer
Introduction
Marks and Spencer plc is multinational retailer that is dealing in clothing industry and
is basically headquartered in London in United Kingdoms. This company was established in
1884 by Michael Marks. The main marketing message when Marks opened the store was that
the products are very low priced and is of high quality. Later in the time, Marks entered into
partnership with other trader named, Thomas Spencer. They together opened the store in
Leeds in 1904. Presently company is operating around the globe and is also having a large
employee base.

PEST Analysis
External factor- It is characterized as that factor which influence an organization from an
external perspective just as these power are not being constrained by an administration. In
regard of outer driver firm need to create systems or activity plan in like manner (Moore,
2020). These will factors like principles and guideline, monetary change, etc. There are
quantities of outside drivers of progress which influence Marks and Spencer, from which
some are given beneath:
 Political factors: In an association political factor straightforwardly sway on the
financing just as needs just as it is basic for the executives to create legitimate
procedures or activity plan identified with political components. In regard of Marks
and Spencer it is fundamental for them to create appropriate principles and guidelines
identified with change in political elements since, supposing that they not do so they
may confront lawful activity which sways on their people conduct in regard of their
work environment. For example the political factors will affect in the group working
or efficiency just as it will likewise affect on the dynamic of pioneer. Alongside this
administration will likewise create preparing and improvement exercises to maintain a
strategic distance from future issues that may happen while actualizing computerized
and online media for direct limited time exercises (Sharififard and Opong, 2019).
Advantages
 Main benefit of political factor is that it assist in accessing of detailed information of
government and other factors which is beneficial for business growth.
Disadvantages Drawback of this factor is that it is difficult to make decisions as because this
element is non controllable.
 Economic factor: This outside factor will incorporate expense rate, loan fee, wage,
law, and approaches just as government exercises. These components
straightforwardly sway on the business exercises and dynamic of pioneers at Marks
and Spencer. This is so in light of the fact that pioneer need to change their
methodologies as per economy of nation, organization and clients and as per which
individual need to lead exercises which shows economy. For example the economical
factors will influence individual at working environment. Alongside this when
singular conduct get sway then execution of group likewise gets influenced.
Advantages

 Economic factor helps in being aware of change situation of market and it is
beneficial for Marks & Spencer to take decisions effectively.
Disadvantages Drawback is that it is not possible to access to determine these factors in this flexible
market situation.
 Social factor: Through this elements organization ready to under need just as interest
of their possible clients as per which they can create choice. This will incorporate
variables like religion, purchasing propensity, abundance, schooling level, structure,
family size and populace. In regard of Marks and Spencer they are working in retail
apparel industry, in which patterns are changing on nonstop premise because of which
at some point old plan and items get squander (Papegaaij, 2020). This will
straightforwardly affect on representatives moral in light of the fact that their
persistent effort get squander just as because of which group execution get
additionally diminished. For example the social factors will have an affect on the
dynamic of pioneer since they need to create choice as indicated by new patterns on
ordinary premise (Popovic and Plank, 2016).
Benefits
 Considering of social factor is beneficial because entity is able to access to consumer
behaviour.
Limitations Main limitation of this element is that Marks and Spencer has to adopt effective
strategies for which they need more resources to fulfil the needs of customers
appropriately.
 Technological factor: As per this factor by embracing new and advance innovation
organization ready to build its efficiency just as work quality since all exercises will
lead appropriately and it will likewise help in limiting wastage. So in regard of Marks
and Spencer by embracing advance innovation individual or representatives ready to
lead their work appropriately just as it will likewise help them in limiting wastage.
Alongside this it will likewise help a group in leading their work in viable way just as
in appropriate time. This will likewise help pioneer in growing new procedures as per
usage of new innovation and request of clients.
Benefits
 This technological factor assist Marks & Spencer in adoption of new software and
management system which helps in increasing of productivity.

Limitations
 Cost and investment involved in this factor is huge which can disrupts the overall
functioning of business.
SWOT analysis
SWOT analysis comprises of such factors which attempts to identify various factors
that creates strong and weak points for an organization. In this case, various strengths and
weaknesses are listed below:
Strengths
 Company is using latest technology
trends in their operations and it will
be helpful to take on business
operations much more smoothly.
 Company is engaging itself in
corporate social responsibility and
this helps the company to build a
good image in market place.
Weaknesses
 The company is not performing much
well in financial terms. Some latest
annual reports are capable of
validating this statement.
 The company is relying strongly on
UK market, and this makes the
limited market share.
Opportunities
 The company can expand its
operations into online market, which
possess a huge potential.
 Company can also resdevendra.hape
its organisational structure to make
operations comparative smoother.
Threats
 Depreciation of Sterling post-Brexit.
 Stiff competition in UK clothing
industry.
Recommendations
At an organization change is consider as essential part since it lead them in directing
business life cycle easily as to this firm embrace new innovation and other related factor. This
is so on the grounds that through it an association ready to upgrade its benefit just as pieces of
the pie. At Marks and Spencer, various drivers of progress sway emphatically in light of the
fact that through it pioneers ready to improve their staffs execution and increment
representative’s moral (Schiff, 2019). Alongside this, it will likewise help in directing all

business operational exercises appropriately just as it additionally help in leading strategies
successfully. On other hand, there are some negative effect of progress drivers in light of the
fact that because of that pioneer need to grow new techniques which is time taking and
unpleasant. In addition, because of negative effect of progress the executives need to do cost
cutting which straightforwardly sway on staff's compensation and different advantages gave
to them just as it will likewise diminish inspiration and fulfillment level of workers. So to
dodge these issues Marks and Spencer receive PDCA model, that is clarified underneath:- Plan: At separate stage organization do examination of market to distinguish
opportunity and issues, so that as needs be they can create proper methodologies to
get opportunity and resolve issues. For example, in this stage Marks and Spencer will
do showcase examination to distinguish new patterns, openings and issues. By this
they ready to create procedures which help in limiting negative effect of progress in
fruitful way. For instance particular retail organization is confronting issue in pulling
in clients and reason is this there is absence of limited time exercises. So the board is
wanting to receive advanced and online media to improve their limited time exercises. Do: At this stage company's administration will assess potential arrangement which
they will create at above stage. In regard of Marks and Spencer, the board will direct
assessment of system that they create at above stage for example plan. For instance in
regard to improve their limited time exercises they will lead preparing and
advancement meeting so they can utilize distinctive media in successful way. For
example, web-based media like Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, LinkedIn and a lot
more just as computerized stage like spring up publicizing, email advertising, etc. Check: In this stage organization the executives will investigate if the chose or
created technique is powerful. Besides on this stage they will break down that their
normal result is like genuine or not, on the off chance that not, at that point required
alteration will be done adequately. In regard of Marks and Spencer, they will dissect
that the utilization of computerized and online media will be amazing for them or not.
In the event that administration will recognize any issue, at that point they will direct
improvement exercises just as in the event that they distinguish that procedure is
improper, at that point they will drop thought and again investigate circumstance for
creating appropriate system identified with settling issue of limited time movement.
 Act: It is the last phase of PDCA model in which an association will actualize the
technique if that will be proper in regard of issue or circumstance. In regard of Marks
and Spencer, in the event that administration discovers methodology of receiving

social and advanced media viable, at that point they will actualize it.
John Lewis Partnership
Introduction
The John Lewis Partnership is operating in UK and has the large employee base as they
are dealing in supermarkets, banking services, retail sector and many more. The
company was established by John Spedan Lewis in year 1928 in London.
PEST Analysis
 Political factors- In context of John Lewis Partnership they have to be ready to face
unceratinities taking place due to chnages in import export rules and policies of
government. With the assistance of these components, organization will have the
option to devise arrangements and methodologies that will guarantee fulfilment of
interest and needs both for clients.
 Economical factors- Due to increase in expenses they have to increase the cost of
products due to which customers are shifting to substitutes leading to decrease in
profits of company. While consolidating changes in the organization, number of
issues may happen, for example, necessity of enormous assets, less help from
representative’s end, less talented workers and some more.
 Social factors- The changes in customer taste and preferences has the impact on the
productivity and profitability. They need to continuously monitor the activities of
customers and according have to make changes in their business operations and the
range of products it is offering to its customers. To determine this issues particular
organization the board may lead meeting in which they inspire their staffs so they
prepare to embrace change in powerful way.
 Technological factors- The codevendra.mpany is focusing on implementing
sustainable technology and ha established its presence in online market with the help
of digital technology.
SWOT analysis
Strengths
 The company is dealing in various
sectors so has wide growth and
development strategies.
 They are focusing on various
innovation and creativity activities in
order to maintain its position strong.
Weaknesses
 The company has not expanded its
business at global level that is lacking
in international market.
Opportunities
 The company has wide scope to enter
new marketplace and expand its
business in other areas.
Threats
 They have treat from changing rules
and regulations and the increasing
number of competitors in the

marketplace.
Recommendations
To improve operations, company can attempt to focus on all weak points identified in
above analyses and also to make required changes.
SECTION TWO
Introduction
Marks and Spencer plc is global retailer that is managing in attire industry and is essentially
settled in London in United Kingdoms. This organization was set up in 1884 by Michael
Marks. The principle showcasing message when Marks opened the store was that the items
are low evaluated and is of high caliber. Later in the time, Marks went into association with
other broker named, Thomas Spencer. They together opened the store in Leeds in 1904. As of
now organization is working far and wide and is additionally having an enormous worker
base(Sibbet and Wendling, 2018).
Different barriers of change that can influence leadership decision-making of (use the
company name)
During the time spent actualizing changes in the organization, the board is gone up
against by different issues that offers ascend to contrast among standard and real practices
and this hole impacts everyday tasks with negative effect in working environment. With this
view, it turns into the duty of administrator and pioneer too to create proper techniques so
that issues can be settled and this cycle is likewise essential to make plans for defeating
issues. n regard of Marks and Spencer, they receive power field examination model to
recognize boundaries which sway on administration dynamic, clarification of individual
model is given underneath:-
Force Field Analysis Model:
This hypothesis is separated in two sections, one section speaks to main impetus and
other is identified with obstruction power of the organization. These two components are
significant in setting of assessing and dissecting changes that are being joined in the work
place. Driving Force: It is essentially the force or authority that authorizes the organization
to receive change which is in agreement of necessities and prerequisites of clients of
the organization. These elements assist the organization with creating viable

procedure which will assist business with accomplishing wanted objectives and
targets. To outline, Marks and Spencer is incorporating changes in their plan
according to the interest of clients. For instance, clients needs creative plans like one
size materials, back help fabrics for mature age people groups, etc.
 Resisting force: These are the exact inverse of main thrusts, as they represent a danger
for the organization and makes hindrances during the time spent executing changes.
In setting of picked organization, there might be ascent of comparable kind of issues
and subsequently, it gets essential to create suitable methodologies to create
inspiration in their representatives so they can work all the more proficiently and
viably (Wasko, 2020). There is a possibility of occurrence of several barriers at
workplace. In context of Marks and Spencer, some of the major issues are explained
below:
 Less support from employee's end: It is one of the major and regular hindrance that
emerges at pretty much every work environment. This is the issue that is made in
cycle of actualizing change at the spot. In this issue, staff individuals don't show
enough intrigue during the tidevendra.me spent consolidating changes. At Marks and
Spencer it happen on the grounds that they figure their work will get increment or
their significance get diminished.
 Lack of investment: To consolidate any progressions or to begin any new thing, the
main thing is to have enough wellspring of money. In setting of picked association, if
the organization is receiving some new innovation or development in business
activities, than it is significant that administration gives all necessary assets to all
workers.
Different leadership approaches to dealing with change in Marks & Spencer.
To execute changes in organization, it is significant for the board to receive reasonable
and successful initiative style in order to join and mange these changes. Decision of initiative
style relies on number of components, for example, work culture, labor force variety,
representative relations, and so forth These all variables are imperative to be considered by
the executives of an association, so a proper strategy can be embraced. Administration
approaches embraced by picked organization Marks and Spencer are portrayed as follows:
 Transformational approach: This is a methodology which has center around

building up worker connection and joining required changes by causing changes in
people and social frameworks. As per this methodology, heads of an association are
not causing their sub-ordinate to follow them. All things considered, they cause an
impact in their point of view and representatives consequently work toward adjusting
their presentation to desires for organization. This is a reasonable methodology for
fusing any kind of changes in the organization
 Autocratic approach: This is frequently known as tyrant authority style. In this style,
there is no interest of workers in cycle of dynamic and top level management is
settling on choices on their own attentiveness. Moreover, supporters are compelled to
follow every one of these strategies and choices figured by high level administration
and they can likewise not give their input. There is one route correspondence all
through the organization. This correspondence streams from upper level to bring
down degree of the board. Picked organization is following this methodology in
specific zones like venture choices and don't consider assessments of sub ordinate
level while taking choices (Wood, Noked and Dasgupta, 2017).
 Situational approach: As the name proposes, this is a style which convinces
pioneers to act according to the circumstance. It is an allowance of faith based
expectations; values, practices, and so forth and they assist supervisors with acting
according to the circumstances faced by them. This is an advanced style and don't
limits pioneers to carry on according to any set strategies. Fundamental thought
behind this idea is that it is relying to a great extent upon the individual judgment of
pioneers.
Measures that can be taken to minimise the negative impacts of changes in organisational
behaviour
Change in organisation behaviour has wider impact and it affects work environment
at larger scale. It is critically essential to focus on these negative impacts and there are several
ways which can be used to minimise these negative changes & are mentioned as follows-
 Effective leadership- It is most appropriate ways through which negative impacts can
be minimised as because leaders have the ability to cope up with new changes and
they also motivates others to deal with change in organisational behaviour.

 Realistic timelines- It is seen that to reduce negative effects it is crucial to set
realistic goals and timelines so that it is easy to achieve set objectives in proper
manner.
So, above discussed measures are to be used as most methods to reduce negative
impacts of change in organisational behaviour.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
From the above report, it can be elucidated that one thing that is permanent in
business world is change. It is a well known fact that external business environment is very
dynamic and it induces continuous changes for businesses operating in this environment.
These changes are so powerful that that if not incorporated can result in huge disturbance in
operations and activities of the company. And on the brighter side, if company incorporates
changes in company, than it will result in huge benefits as there are huge opportunities in
these changes. Mere implementation of changes is not enough, company is also required to
evaluate after effects of these changes. These impacts can be positive or negative both. These
impacts, whether positive or negative, should be monitored and evaluated completely so that
operations can be completed in efficient manner. A business exists in an encompassing where
there are number of contenders and thus, business needs to dissect and contrast their defined
methodologies and those of contenders. This will assist the administration with distinguishing
which regions needs improvement to pick up upper hand in market. Changes in business are
constrained predominantly by two drivers, i.e., interior and outside variables. These variables
have immediate or circuitous effect over significant portions like organization's
administration, individual and group conduct, and so forth moreover, organization faces
various obstacles in way of actualizing changes in the organization and these issues can be
settled utilizing various methodologies of initiative styles.

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