Business Environment: Organisational Functions and Macro Impacts

This report provides a detailed analysis of the business environment, focusing on different types of organizations (private, public, and voluntary), their structures, and the interrelationships of their functions. It examines the size and scope of organizations like Marks and Spencer (M&S), the National Health Service (NHS), and Cancer Research UK, linking their structure to business objectives and services. The report also explores the positive and negative impacts of the macro environment on business operations, using PESTLE and SWOT/TOWS analyses to assess strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. A critical analysis of the complexities of business structures and the impact of both macro and micro factors on business objectives and decision-making is provided, emphasizing the importance of understanding these elements for organizational success. Desklib provides solved assignments for students.

Business and Business Environment
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................4
Section 1..........................................................................................................................................5
LO1..................................................................................................................................................5
P1 Explain the different types and purposes of organisations; private, public and voluntary
sector and legal structures............................................................................................................5
P2 Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations.............................7
M1 Analyse how the structure, size and scope of different organisations link to the business
objectives and product and services offered by the organisation................................................8
LO2..................................................................................................................................................9
P3 Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to
organisational objectives and structure........................................................................................9
M2 Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational
functions and the impact that can have upon the organisational structure................................11
D1 Provide a critical analysis of the complexities of different types of business structure and
the interrelationships of the different organisational functions.................................................12
Section 2........................................................................................................................................13
LO 3...............................................................................................................................................13
P4 Identify the positive and negative impacts the macro environment has on business
operations, supported by examples............................................................................................13
M3 Apply appropriate the PESTLE model support detailed analysis of the macro environment
within an organisation................................................................................................................15
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LO 4...............................................................................................................................................17
P5 Conduct internal and external analysis of specific organisations in order to identify
strengths and weaknesses..........................................................................................................17
P6 Explain how strengths and weaknesses interrelate with external macro factors..................19
M4 Apply appropriately SWOT/TOWS analysis and justify how they influence decision
making.......................................................................................................................................21
D2 Critically analyse the impacts that both macro and micro factors have upon business
objectives and decision making.................................................................................................22
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................23
References......................................................................................................................................24
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Introduction
The business environment consists of two factors which are internal and external which
influence the organisation, its employees, management system, customers, demand, supply,
business rules and regulations. For existing in a competitive market, it is mandatory for
companies to identify all environmental factors and then set business policies and strategies
according to them. This assignment is based on the study of different types of organisation, their
size and scope. Marks and Spencer have chosen for this report because it is highly influenced by
business environment. In this report, the different function of M&S and their interrelationship
has been evaluated. Also, it is determined that how business functions links with organisational
structure. Apart from this, the positive and negative influence of external factors on Marks and
Spencer has been analysed. This assignment includes the strengths and weaknesses of Marks and
Spencer and also highlights their interrelationship with external elements of the business
environment.
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Section 1
LO1
P1 Explain the different types and purposes of organisations; private, public and voluntary
sector and legal structures.
An organisation is that social unit which is managed and controlled to accomplish some desired
goals and objectives of the business. There can be three types of enterprise which are public,
private and voluntary. Different kind of organisation operates their business activities in some
different manner and to achieve some different goals. The business industry of United Kingdom
is divided into three types of organisations which are followed as under:
Private sector: It is that business industry which is mainly controlled and managed by
entrepreneurs who do not take permission from legal authorities while taking any important
decisions regarding their business. Marks and Spencer is one of the most popular private
organisations which is basically a retailer company and operates its business activities across the
world. This type of enterprises makes various efforts to increase their profitability as well as
productivity (Padmanand, et. al., 2016). Customer satisfaction, employees’ gratification and
quality control are some major activities which are performed by the privately held company to
maximise their sales revenue. The legal structure of private sector is categorised into different
parts which are following as under:
 Sole proprietorship: This is considered as the least regulated type of organisation because in
this all business activities and practices are managed by single owner. This type of organisation
mainly satisfies the needs and wants of local people. Kurt Geiger is the great example of UK
based single proprietor firm.
 Partnership: This type of organisation can be formed easily also, it provides additional
managerial as well as financial resources. All partners of an organisation are known as the agent
who plays the crucial role in decision-making process. In partnership firms, all partners are liable
for taxes and debts. Also, they share organisational profit equally. McDonald's is the great
example of partnership firm (Shehu and Mahmood, 2014).
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 Public limited company: It is that private company which offer its share to the general public.
Marks and Spencer is the biggest example of the public limited company.
Public sector: This business industry is totally different from the private sector because it is fully
controlled as well as managed by legal authorities. In the United Kingdom, many public
companies are working for enhancing social welfare. The main services which are provided by
public companies are transportation, police, bridges, railway etc. NHS is one of the most popular
public organizations in UK. The most important goal of the public sector is to improve the living
standard of people. Public companies use their generated profit in social activities
(Vandekerckhove and Ramioul, 2015). The legal structure of public sector is divided into two
parts which are discussed below:
 The central government: This is considered as the main body of country or face of a nation
which makes the main rules, regulations and policies for the entire country. Mainly it deals with
national security, diplomacy decisions and international affairs of United Kingdom.
 The state government: This is known as the lowest tire of administration system and follows all
the rules and regulations which are regulated by the central government. The authorised body
keeps control of specific districts and towns.
Voluntary sector: It is also known as non-profitable organisations which work for social welfare.
The Companies which comes under this sector does not earn the profit. The major objective of
this industry is to help poor people who cannot earn their livelihood (Wetherly and Otter, 2014).
Charitable trusts and old aged homes are the biggest examples of the voluntary sector. Cancer
Research UK is the charitable trust which is located in the UK.
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P2 Explain the size and scope of a range of different types of organisations
All business enterprises have their own size and scope which makes them different from other
organisations. Different types of organization and their size, as well as scope, are determined in
below-mentioned points:
Private sector: Marks and Spencer is a private partnership firm which is specialised in selling
designer clothes, household products and food items. This company was established in 1884 by
two founders Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer (Wu, et. al., 2015). It is a large organisation
and strength of its employees is also huge which is near around 85,989. The biggest objective of
this company is to enlarge organisational growth and to increase its sales revenue by providing
high customer satisfaction. Net operating income of this organisation is approx. around £690.7
million and net profit is £115.8 million till 2017.
Public sector: Public companies are mainly managed by authorised bodies of a country such as
central or local government. National Health Services is one of the leading public organizations
of United Kingdom which provides health and social care services to UK people so that they can
live the healthy life. This size of National Health Service is medium because it has strength of
6500 employees. It has more than 50 branches in all over England. The biggest objectives of
NHS are to deliver healthcare services in an innovative manner. The net expenditure of this
organization is near around £120.512 billion whereas its net income is £280.23 billion.
Voluntary sector: Cancer Research UK is the biggest example of voluntary sector which is a
charitable firm and makes people aware about cancer and its causes so that they can take care of
their self (Yüksel, 2012). The main objective of this non-profitable organisation is to reduce the
number of people who die because of cancer. It is small frim which employs near about 4000
employees.
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M1 Analyse how the structure, size and scope of different organisations link to the business
objectives and product and services offered by the organisation.
The size, scope and structure of the organization are highly influenced by business objectives
because manager set that organisational structure which helps them in accomplishing their
desired goals in the appropriate manner. For example, Marks and Spencer is large organisation
and for managing all workers it follows flexible structure. The organisational structure allows
employees to operate their given task in the most effective manner which influences positive
impact on organisational profit of Marks and Spencer (Foss, et. al., 2013).
The main objective of this Marks and Spencer is profit maximisation and customer satisfaction
which it achieves by taking help of its employees. They produce such quality products which
help an organization in achieving its desired objectives.
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LO2
P3 Explain the relationship between different organisational functions and how they link to
organisational objectives and structure.
Every business enterprise set their own objectives so that they can lead to their desired business
position. Some most important goals and objectives of Marks and Spencer are followed as under:
 To increase organisational productivity as well as profitability
 To provide high gratification to employees and customers
 To cover large market share
Moreover, these are some most significant objectives of M&S which helps it in improving its
organisational performance within the marketplace. Just like objectives, all companies follow a
particular organisational structure for achieving business goals in an effective manner and for
making objective clear to employees (Harris, 2013). There is three type of structure which are
divisional, matric and functional. Marks and Spencer follow matrix structure because it creates
cooperation level and increases managerial efficiency within a workplace. To accomplish goals
in systematic manner Marks and Spencer operates various functions which are discussed below:
Human resource management: This department of M&S performs various activities such as
recruitment, selection, development and training which helps, the company in identifying and
retaining most qualified employees within a workplace. Basically, this section manages the
human resource of the organisation which is the main key to business success. For recruiting
people this section has to take help of marketing department so that it can search for most
qualified candidates. High skilled employees contribute various efforts in achieving business
goals of M&S (Foss, et. al., 2013).
Sales and marketing: Marks and Spencer take help of marketing activities to promote its
products and services. Marketing section prepares a marketing plan and for that, it requires the
huge amount of money which it takes from finance section. Marketing activities such as
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promotion and advertisement help in attracting the huge number of people which basically, helps
M&S in increasing its market share.
Finance: This section keeps control on the daily monetary transactions of Marks and Spencer.
On the basis of market research, it estimates the capital which will be required for operating
future operations of the company (Harris, 2013).
Marks and Spencer is a large organization and operates various functions that are why it follows
Matrix structure which also assists it in creating the flexible working environment.
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M2 Analyse the advantages and disadvantages of interrelationships between organisational
functions and the impact that can have upon the organisational structure.
The interrelationship between business functions helps Marks and Spencer in attaining its
predetermined goals. Also, it increases the communication and cooperation level in the company,
which is highly essential for organisational growth and development. Also, it helps in building
positive working environment within workplace which provides the huge satisfaction of
employees (Wu, et. al., 2015).
Sometimes, the relationship between organisational functions creates complexities and also
increases the chances of mistakes. For example, if all departments of Marks and Spencer will
work together than they can underestimate the formal system of organisation, which is highly
important for organisational development.
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D1 Provide a critical analysis of the complexities of different types of business structure
and the interrelationships of the different organisational functions.
According to Yüksel (2012), the interrelationship between business functions creates chances of
false or mistakes. Also, it affects the formal system of organisation. Apart from this, a business
enterprise should select that organisational structure according to their business size and
objectives. The complexities that take place in the organisational functions are made due to the
interdependence of different functional units in them. This is made for the production of products
and services for the attainment of profits. Due to the interdependence, the consumption of time
gets increased and the productivity gets reduced. Basically, there are three types of
organisational structure which are divisional, matrix and divisional. Complexities of all
organisational structure are followed as under:
 Functional structure: In this business structure, all important decisions are taken by managers
which do not allow employees to take part in decisions making process. This influence negative
impact on workers and demotivates them.
 Matrix structure: In this organisational structure all departments work with each other which
make reporting line unclear and also confuse the employees.
 Divisional structure: The biggest advantage of this organisational structure is that it creates the
sense of competition within business divisions.
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