Organisational Behavior Analysis: Leadership, Structure, and Culture

This report, focusing on organisational behavior, delves into the relationship between organisational structure and culture, comparing and contrasting different structures like work specialization and chain of command, and cultures such as power and role cultures, using City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car as case studies. It explores the impact of these relationships on employee motivation and discusses factors influencing individual behavior at work. The report also analyzes various leadership styles, including bureaucratic and autocratic approaches, and explains how organisational theory underpins management practices. It compares the effectiveness of different leadership styles and their impact on organisational growth, emphasizing the significance of employee involvement and motivation. The report highlights how organisations can improve their management systems by evaluating and innovating business segments to enhance customer satisfaction and overall organisational development.

UNIT 3. ORGANISATIONS AND BEHAVIOR
STUDENT NAME: COSTEL DRAGHICI

Executive Summary
Organisations and behavior denotes all respective behaviors of management and other
operational system of organisations significantly. This report study represents various specific
and signified points which cover up all respective personalities and attitudes of organisational
behavior to provide a conceptual idea regarding the topic to all the people significantly.
However, those points include relationship between organisational structures and culture,
different approaches to management and leadership, using motivational theories in organisations
and various mechanisms for the development of organisations significantly. However, in detail,
factors that influence individual behavior in organisations, leadership styles, organisational
theories and strategies, impact of technology, factors that help to evaluate teamwork effectively,
nature of groups and group behavior within organisation are all highlighted points and steps and
provide evaluative and explorative ideas and information regarding organisational behavior
influentially.
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Table of Contents
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Organisational behavior includes proper and marketing behavior of management of
respective organisations which help to provide effective and fruitful development to business
organisations adequately. In this report study, two respective organisations have been included in
order to provide and analysis various organisational behaviors of their management so that
people can be able to get effective and fruitful perspectives regarding organisational behavior in
highlighted way.
The problem statement of the report study is to analyze every possible and respective
behavior of employees, employers, their working styles, theories and motivation and so on.
However, by providing all these points in this report study, people get all the possible ideas
respectively.
Report 1
LO1 Understanding the relationship between organisational structure and
culture
1.1 Comparing and contrasting different organisational structures and
culture
Organizational structures and culture are some management designs which help
industries to perform their business transactions with effort. In this respect, it should be informed
that organisational structures can bring profit and can attract customers towards their business
products and services as well (Scott and Davis, 2015, p.104). Along with these, it is also to be
mentioned that the way in organisational structures work together can able to create their
working environment and culture adequately.
However, there are several organisational structures as well. Those are work
specialization, departmentalization, chain of command, span of control, tall and narrow,
centralization and decentralization and matrix culture as well. Culture denotes power culture,
role culture, team culture, person culture and so on.
In this respect, it is to be specified that City College is following work specialization
structure significantly. City College has several working perspectives for all the employees
adequately. In this respect, every employee is performing jobs per their responsibilities and in
this way, they are specializing in significant working perspective as well. Regarding culture, this
college is following power culture as well.
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The working transactions are running by following and by listening one’s respective
commands as well (Riggio, 2015, p.123). Therefore, employees of this college are working in
power culture. They cannot express or explore their own thoughts regarding job strategies.
Figure 1: Organisational Structure of Enterprise Rent-a-Car
(Source: Newman, 2013, p.497)
Enterprise Rent-a-Car organisation is significantly following chain of command
organisational structure and role culture as well. Chain of command structure involves the
structure of communication, authorization of working perspectives among employees. One
should authorize a respective command or work and then spread among all employees in way of
a chain. In this way, they must work according to the chain of command significantly.
Regarding culture, it is to be mentioned that every organization has some specific and
signified role inside the industry as well. However, these roles are together known as role culture
respectively. Persons work according to their roles and do not help in other’s work noticeably.
Organization structure: it is a system used to define a hierarchy within the organization. It
defines each job, it function, and where it reports to within the enterprise. Rent a car uses flat
structure for proper functioning of the company. Flat structure is termed as having very small
number of layers in the company's organizational chart. In this type structure has all employees
reporting directly to the president and each manager has large number of direct reports.
Whereas city college use horizontal structure for its functioning. Horizontal structure has
less defined chain of command. In this type of structure each employee have defined duties and
people work in teams. Unlike flat structure employees reports to several supervisors rather than a
single boss.
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Organization culture:It is defined as the unique personality of an enterprise. It is a system of
shared values, beliefs and assumptions which determines how people will behave within the
organization. Rent a car uses task culture in the company which refers all values, ethics and
behaviors and organization tries to inculcate in the workers minds to create a unique social
environment where every worker collaborate with other. Each department in this type of culture
is the pillar of the enterprise.
City college uses role culture in which all individuals are assigned a specific role or roles
1.2 Explaining the impact of relationship between an organisation’s structure
and culture
It has been already mentioned above that there are a number of organisational structures
and cultures subsequently. But every organisational structure has a close knit and relationship
with specific and significant organisational culture respectively. In this respect, it is to be
highlighted that this relationship between structure and culture helps business organisations to
rise up their business transactions and also to acquire a reputed market position in their
marketplace as well.
Work specialization and teamwork are closely related with each other respectively. This
is because work specialization is an organisational structure through which employees
specialized in their working perspectives as well (Pettigrew, 2013, p.105). However, teamwork
culture is innovative rather essential in every business organisation respectively. Teamwork
helps employees to work in a team and therefore, they do not face any difficulty regarding their
working perspectives.
They can easily solve issues by discussing with each other as well.
However, it is to be signified that working specialization and teamwork are related with each
other in this respect that employees can be able to enjoy their working along with specializing
for each job as well (Uzkurt et al. 2013, p.92). In this respect, if City College and Enterprise
Rent-a-Car allow work specialization structure and team work culture together, it will be
possible for them to avoid typical problems regarding marketing and business transactions and
employees can also get success in developing and improving their organisations as well.
Influence of choice of organization structure and culture in motivation of employees :
The factor which affects the culture of Rent a car is individual working within enterprise.
Attitudes, mentalities, interests, point of vie wand thought process of employees affects the
organization culture. Strong corporate culture indicates that employees are like minded and hold
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similar beliefs and ethical values. Organization structure helps in decision making and to
determine hoe the organization is working. Employees are recognized and motivated when
enterprise uses particular structure which in turn gives higher performance of employees .
1.3 Discussing the factors which influence individual behavior at work
There are huge numbers of factors that influence individual behavior at work in
organisations. Those factors are influentially essential regarding the working perspectives of
employees. Organisational structures, culture, hierarchy, marketplace, customers, environmental
situation and so on are included as those factors which influence employee behavior at work
significantly. However, behavior of employees at work fully depends on these factors identically
(Mowday et al. 2013, p.111).
If these factors are well designed in a respective business organisation, employee
behaviors will be surely polite and pleasant significantly. On the contrary, if these factors are not
well designed in that organisation, behavior of employees will not be perfect as well. Employees
do not concentrate in their work if those factors are not well designed. Rather, they even do not
provide extra energy and time as they get lazy and boring regarding their working strategy inside
the organisations relevantly (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015, p.106).
Figure 2: Individual Behavior
(Source: Created by the researcher)
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City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car are also same regarding individual behavior at
work as well. Employees do not get energy in their working perspectives for some faults
regarding the factors which include organisational structures, culture, and hierarchy and so on.
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Report 2
LO2 Understanding different approaches to management and leadership
2.1 Comparing the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different
organisations
Higher level professionals, managers and other employees choose various leadership
styles for their management in order to lead every employee of their organisations significantly.
Basically, leadership styles help employers to manage all employees and other related workers
so that they can be able to work energetically to bring success and development to their
organisations (Fullan, 2014, p.101). Some leadership styles are included as autocratic leadership,
bureaucratic leadership, charismatic leadership, democratic leadership, laissez-faire leadership,
relations-oriented leadership and so on.
Figure 3: Leadership Styles
(Source: McCamish et al. 2015, p.89)
However, City College follows bureaucratic leadership in order to lead their management
department greatly. This leadership style is highly notified in every business organisation
including City College as well. Regarding this aspect, it is to be mentioned that this respective
leadership style is noticeably strict and is totally based on books. However, this leadership style
indicates the managers and other employers of a respective organisation to lead all the
employees towards their working perspectives strictly (House et al. 2013, p.100).
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On the contrary, Enterprise Rent-a-Car follows autocratic leadership style. This style
engages managers and other higher professional leaders of respective company to use power
tools and leadership tools to lead and train their employees significantly. In this leadership style,
employees cannot be able to provide any suggestions or decisions regarding a specific job
perspective as well. Therefore, they remain under strict work pressure insignificantly.
City college use autocratic leadership style in which manager makes decisions alone without the
input from the others manager posses all the rights to take decision and no one can challenge the
decision made by the autocratic leader.
Whereas Rent a Car use participative leadership in which the input from the team
members is taken and given preference but the final decision is always made by the participative
leaders.
2.2 Explaining how organisational theory underpins the practice of
management
Organisational theory and practices help management of business organisations to gain
and acquire reputed and significant market position in their marketplace as well. Theory involves
various stages and steps to work forcefully and actively. In this respect, it is to be notified that
organisational theory enlarges the management system of different organisation by evaluating
and innovating business segments so that the organisations can be developed and improved
fruitfully and efficiently (Watson, 2013, p.99). Not only this much, organisational theory also
helps managers and other employers to find out innovative solutions and plans regarding the
evaluation and exploration of business products and services so that the customers get attracted
towards those products and services very easily and influentially.
However, City College and Enterprise Rent-a-Car should also involve organisational
theory in order to evaluate their management system and other perspectives as well so that the
customers and students as well as their family members get satisfaction and get all the
fulfillments and basic needs by joining the college and by using automotive parts of the
organisation noticeably (Ridley-Duff and Bull, 2015, p.98). However, it is to be notified that
organisational theory evaluates rather motivates every working strategy of both the management.
Effectiveness of different leadership styles:
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City college use autocratic leadership style which is not effective and has negative impact on the
growth of the organization because the style company is using has only one decision maker due
to which the employee feels neglected in the organization. The style is also less creative.
Rent-a-car uses participative style which has good and positive impact on the enterprise.
Employees feel the importance of them in the organization growth and they also give their ideas
and thought in making decision.
2.3 Evaluating the different approaches to management used by different
organisations
There are different and various fundamental approaches which help management to
manage all the aspects of business organisations significantly. In this respect, it is to be
mentioned that these approaches not only help management rather help the organisations to gain
greater success in their marketplace and also the employees to work efficiently and energetically
(Pahl and Beitz, 2013, p.125). However, those approaches are included as active listening,
cultivating, steering.
City college makes us of human behavior approach in that enterprise understands human
relation. This helps in motivation,leadership, and emphasize on greater productivity through
motivation and good relations.
Rent-a-Car make use of contingency approach which internal and external
environment like social , economical, political facts are included. In this approach developing
management concepts the environment within which the concepts are to be applied has to be
considered.
Active listening: Active listening approach signifies the listening power of the
management which must be active in order to provide well performance for their organisations
as well. However, organisations imply this approach so that management can be able to listen
actively to customers and employees in order to provide their requirements and also to solve
every irrespective issues significantly.
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Figure 4: Approaches to Management
(Source: Created by the researcher)
Cultivating: Cultivating approach is facilitating approach through which management
can be able to evaluate and explore every skill and function of their organisation in order to
achieve success in near future. However, it is to be highlighted that this approach system has
helped many organisations by cultivating and evaluating their management system and other
respective skills and functions of the management influentially and respectively.
Steering: This is perhaps the separate management approach function of different
organisations in order to bring success by delivering required objects and services significantly.
In this respect, it is to be signified that implementing developed services and objectives is the
main focus of this approach system in business organisations as well.
In this respect, it is to be highlighted that City College maintains active listening
approach in order to listen properly to their students as well as to the listen properly to the
employees in order to provide their requirements and also to develop management system of the
organisation (Hill et al. 2013, p.116). Regarding Enterprise Rent-a-Car, it is to be followed that
cultivating approach function is observed in this organisation. This is because, managers and
other higher professionals of this organisation want to cultivate and evaluate all the skills and
functions of their management system reputedly.
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