Organisational Management Report: Marks & Spencer Performance Analysis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organisational management, focusing on the case of Marks & Spencer. It begins by outlining the key functions within an organisation, specifically human resource management and marketing, and how they contribute to the overall image and objectives of the business. The report delves into the specifics of HRM, including staffing, policy development, compensation, training, and their impact on employee retention and performance. It also examines marketing functions such as market research, planning, product development, standardization, and promotion strategies. Furthermore, the report explores how an effective organisational structure, particularly the flat structure adopted by Marks & Spencer, positively influences communication, growth, and resource utilization, ultimately contributing to the company's success. The analysis highlights how these combined functions and structures enable Marks & Spencer to achieve its business goals and maintain a strong market presence.

INTRODUCTION TO ORGANISATIONAL
MANAGEMENT

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART A ..........................................................................................................................................1
1. Key functions of the organisation and how they help in promoting Image of the
organisation............................................................................................................................1
2. How an effective structure positively contribute to the success of Marks & Spencer.......5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Organisational management is a process of planning, organising, directing and
controlling the resources in order to achieve the organisational objective . Organisational
management assist the employees in working towards the achievement of the common goal of
the business. This study will contain Marks and Spencer for performing the various activities of
the task. Marks and Spencer is a leading retailer across the globe . It is serving its products and
services worldwide to attract people form around the globe. It includes products related to
clothing, home products , luxury food products etc. This Assignment will discuss about the key
functions of the organisation which help in achieving the organisational objectives. This study
will also discuss about the effective structure of the marks and Spencer which assist them in
success of the organisation.
PART A
1. Key functions of the organisation and how they help in promoting Image of the organisation
The functions of the organisation consists of the activities which are performed in the
organisation to achieve the organisational objective. This Functions promote the Marks and
Spencer towards the success of its business. The following are two key functions of marks and
Spencer :
Human resource management : Human resource management is a most important
function in every organisation. HRM department is involved in performing different activities
such as hiring of qualified personnels, managing the employees of firm , providing training and
motivation to employees of the organisation. Human resource management ensure that work is
properly managed in order to achieve the organisational objective. (Armstrong and et.al., 2015).
Human resource manager have different roles and responsibilities such as providing organisation
with suitable applicants when there is vacancy. Human resource manager formulate different
policies in order to mange the organisation activities. Marks and Spencer in order to achieve its
organisational objective perform various HR management activities which helps in promoting
the image of the organisation.
HRM of marks and Spencer in order to retain the potential employees develop different
strategies. These are different roles performed by HRM they are : Staffing : Staffing consist of different activities which are related to hiring process such
as posting a job to negotiating a salary package. Staffing involves different functions
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such as development of staffing planning which assist human resource manager in
identifying numbers of personnels required in the Marks and Spencer bases on revenue
expectations. Staffing also include development of different policies in order to
encourage multiculturalism at work (Bourne , 2016). Staffing also involve Recruitment
which helps in finding people to fill the right position. Staffing function of human
resource manager helps in promoting the image of the organisation by hiring qualified
personnels for various job post. New employees in marks and Spencer will improve the
performance level of the organisation by their innovation and creativity.
 Development of workplace policies : Human resource management is involved in
formulating different policies which are required for the organisation growth and success.
There are different policies which are being formulated by Human resource manager such as
discipline process policy, Holiday time policy, dress code, ethics policy etc (Bratton and Gold,
2017). Marks and Spencer in order to promote its products and brand image formulate different
policies which helps in proper functioning of the organisation activities. Compensation and benefits administration : Human resource manager ensure that
employees are paid fairly. Compensation involve anything which is received by
employees in reference to work performed by them. It involves various health benefits,
pay, sick leave etc. Human resource management helps in promoting Marks and Spencer
by providing its employees with various benefits helps in motivating the employees of
M&S. It assists in increasing their market image and more potential applicants will get
attracted towards working in the organisation.
 Training and development : Human resource management ensure that proper training is
provided to the employees regarding new products, technology changes etc. Training is
provided in order to increase the efficiency level of the employees. Training is also
needed to motivate employees so that their performance improves. Human Resource
management organise various training programs such as job skills training, training on
communication, team building activities etc (Collings, Wood and Szamosi, 2018).
Human resource management promote Marks and Spencer in various training and
development activities such as providing knowledge, development of skills of
individuals, department wise training helps in development of various departments
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Human resource manager perform these activities in order to achieve the targeted goals of the
firm. Management of human resource help Marks and Spencer in increasing their performance
level and thus increasing the market share for the enterprise. Human resource management will
promote the image of the Marks and Spencer by performing the human resources activities assist
in attracting more people towards the firm (Hislop, Bosua and Helms, 2018). Human resource
management is required in order to have strong human resources in the company which leads to
successful team and work for a common objective of Marks and Spencer.
Marketing: Marketing is a process through which goods and services are promoted and
delivered to customers. It is used by the organisation to promote their products in the market and
also for satisfying the customers. It plays an important role in building a strong customer base.
Marketing is required by the organisation in order to achieve the organisational objective of the
firm. Marks and Spencer in order to attract more customers towards the brand is involved in
development of marketing strategies which are required to attract customers and to acquire
competitive advantage. Marketing involves different functions which helps in achieving the goal
of the organisation. Following are the different functions of marketing:
 Market Research : Market research is performed in order to gather information
relating to various strength and weakness of competitors. Market research help the
organisation in gaining competitive advantage by identifying different opportunities
and threats for Marks and Spencer. Market research helps in identifying customers
needs. It helps M&S in promoting their brand image by identifying opportunities
which leads to fulfilment of demands and expectation of customers in the right
manner.
 Marketing planning: Market planning is done in order to formulate different plans and
strategies which assists the organisation in achieving their business objectives.
Market planning is done for increasing the production and sales, promotion of the
product etc. development of the plan of action through which different activities of
the enterprise are performed. Market planning helps Marks and Spencer in promoting
their brand name by identifying different market situation in order to formulate
strategies based on the market condition which assist the firm in gaining competitive
advantage.
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 Product designing and development: Marketing involve product designing and
development which helps the organisation in designing the product according to the
demand of the customers (Omotayo, 2015). Development of the product is done in
order to satisfy the customers regarding product quality which have a great influence
on the working of the organisation Providing right products and services can be
considered as a major factor which promotes positive brand image of the business.
 Standardization and Grading: Standardization is a process through uniformity of the
product is maintained. Product standardization is done in order to provide customers
with the same product quality without discriminating. There is no discrimination
between customers regarding product quality and price. Grading is the process in
which classification of the product is done according to their similarities based in
their design and quality. Grading provide customers with information regarding
different quality of product which are being produced in the organisation. Marks and
Spencer in order to achieve the organisational objectives divide the products on the
basis of similarities such as they have different sections for men clothing, women
clothing, kids clothing , home appliances etc. Standardization assist Marks and
Spencer in promoting their brand image by classifying the product in different section
according to their similarities and offering standardised product.
 Packing and labelling: package and label of the product make them attractive and
aware the customers about the brand name for the particular product. Packaging and
labelling of the product are the marketing tools through which customers get to know
about different products which are being produced by marks and Spencer. Packing
and labelling helps the organisation is achieving the objectives of the organisation by
making the product look attractive by using recycled paper for packaging which
shows that Marks and Spencer have concerns towards ecological challenges.. This
assist marks and Spencer in promoting the brand name by packaging the product
which consist of brand logo and product details with some attractive images which
attract customers towards purchasing that product.
 Promotion : Promotion is used in marketing to inform customers about product details
and innovation which are being implemented by the enterprise in order to satisfy their
customers to increase their market share. Promotion is done by using different
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promotional tools such as advertisements in television, magazines newspapers etc.
Promotional tools are used in order to promote the product and services of the
organisation (Wilton, 2016). Promotion is used to achieve the organisational objective
of the firm by promoting products and services of enterprise. Promotion assist Marks
& Spencer in promoting their brand image and resolving customer queries through
interactive promotional tool which leads to formation of positive brand image for the
organisation.
 Pricing : It is one of the most important function of marketing because it determines
the success and failure of product in the market (Functions of Marketing, 2017). Price
of the product is determined by implementing a proper pricing strategy which
consider different factors to ascertain a correct price of a product. It includes factors
such as demand of the product, market conditions, competitors price etc. Pricing of
the product assist in achieving the business objectives of Marks and Spencer. Pricing
in marketing helps in promoting the brand image of Marks and Spencer by
implementing Value pricing strategies through which customers are offered with fair
prices of the product.
Marketing function of the organisation helps in achieving the business goals of Marks
and Spencer by performing various activities of marketing which assist in attracting more
customers toward the organisation. It also provides assistance in improving the brand image of
Marks & Spencer by formulating different strategies and planning which helps in increasing their
productivity by using different promotional tools.
2. How an effective structure positively contribute to the success of Marks & Spencer
Organisational structure is used to define the hierarchy of different lines of authority,
communication, duties etc. Effective organisational structure can assist the enterprise in
successfully achieving the objectives of firm. Effective organisational helps in developing a
good working environment (Kitchin, 2017). Marks and Spencer follows a Flat organisational
structure where there are no level of management. Effective organisational structure can have a
positive impact on success of the organisation by: Better Communication: Effective organisational structure will assist Marks and Spencer
in communicating different matters of the department to level of management in order to
reduce conflicts among various department. Effective structure helps in reporting various
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matters of the department to their departmental head in order to have smooth functioning
of operations in the organisation. Communication process is improved by implementing
an effective organisational structure that assist in the growth of the enterprise. Marks and
Spencer by implementing Flat organisational structure can improve its communication
process which assist the employees to communicate different problems with their top
management. Growth and Expansion : Organisational structure can positively contribute to the success
of the firm by effectively using the resources of the company. It also provides assistance
to enterprise for hiring right people in the right position to achieve the objective of the
organisation by inviting creativity and innovation in firm (The Advantages of an
Organizational Structure, 2018). Marks and Spencer in order to achieve success
implement an effective organisational structure which will lead the enterprise towards
growth and expansion. Team work : Effective organisational structure assist the firm by positively contributing
towards success of the enterprise. A culture of teamwork focuses on achieving the team
goals rather than individual goals. It provides assistance in collaborating and co-
ordinating between different team members to achieve the objective of the team. Marks
and Spencer by implementing effective organisational structure have improved
collaboration between different team members which helps in successful achievement of
targeted goals. Decision–making : An effective organisational structure assist in forming decision
making process more efficient . Decision regarding various policy formulations, etc. are
taken according to their benefits to the organisations (North and Kumta, 2018). The
effective structure of Marks and Spencer helps in various decision making process
through which they implement various policies that enhance the growth of M&S. Improve Employee performance : Organisational structure assist the firm in improving
the performance level by increasing the skills and knowledge of the employees and also
using different tools and techniques which helps in improving the performance of the
employees and the organisation.. Marks and Spencer in order to improve their employee
performance provide them training through which they are informed about the hierarchy
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of the organisational structure so that they can understand about different levels of
management. Encourage creativity : Effective organisational structure helps in encouraging creativity
through which employees are motivated and work for achieving the objectives of the
organisation(Nankervis, Rowley and Salleh, 2016). Marks and Spencer in order to
increase their employees performance provide opportunities ton employees to share their
views and ideas which assist the organisation in achieving the objectives of the firm. Focus on strategy : Effective organisational structure helps in focusing on single set of
goals instead of focusing on different objectives. It helps the organisation in utilising the
resource in the proper ways to generate profits. The organisational structure of marks and
Spencer provide assistance in focusing on the specific implementation of strategies in
order to achieve the objectives of the business.
 Eliminates duplication of work : duplication exist when work distribution is not properly
identified and due to this work is performed in disorganised way. Effective organisational
structure helps in assigning duties properly so that duplication of wok is not done. Marks
and Spencer in order to reduce duplication of work implement a good organisational
structure which helps in assigning duties according to designation of employees.
Effective organisational structure can positively contribute to the success of the Marks
and Spencer by delegating the various duties to the specified personnels in order to have smooth
functioning in the organisation. Marks and Spencer have implemented a proper chain of
command according to which the authority to assign duties and ask for approval lies with
different officer of that department so that employees are not confused about which officer to
reach in specific situation. This helps in effectively achieving the organisational goal and
improve the performance level of employees. With implementing effective organisational
structure company can improve its different functional activities which assist M&S in efficiently
working of the overall objective of the firm.
CONCLUSION
From the above study it has concluded about various functions of the organisation which
helps in promoting the brand image of the Marks & Spencer. Human resource management has
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performed various functions which assisted the firm in achieving the overall objective of the firm
. Marketing by performing its various functions have helped M&S in achieving the business goal
effectively and also promoted the brand image of M&S by using various promotional tools.
Furthermore , this study has explained about the positive impact of organisational structure
which has helped the organisation in achieving the overall objective of Marks and Spencer by
improving better communications , coordination and various other functions of the organisation.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Armstrong, G. and et.al., 2015. Marketing: an introduction.
Bourne, L., 2016. Introduction. In Advising Upwards. (pp. 19-34). Routledge.
Bratton, J. and Gold, J., 2017. Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave.
Collings, D.G., Wood, G.T. and Szamosi, L.T., 2018. Human resource management: A critical
approach. In Human Resource Management (pp. 1-23). Routledge.
Hislop, D., Bosua, R. and Helms, R., 2018. Knowledge management in organizations: A critical
introduction. Oxford University Press.
Kitchin, D., 2017. An introduction to organisational behaviour for managers and engineers: A
group and multicultural approach. Routledge.
Nankervis, A., Rowley, C. and Salleh, N.M., 2016. Introduction: Human resource management
and organisational effectiveness–an overview and synthesis. In Asia Pacific Human
Resource Management and Organisational Effectiveness.(pp. 1-13).
North, K. and Kumta, G., 2018. Knowledge management: Value creation through organizational
learning. Springer.
Omotayo, F.O., 2015. Knowledge Management as an important tool in Organisational
Management: A Review of Literature.
Wilton, N., 2016. An introduction to human resource management. Sage.
Online
The Advantages of an Organizational Structure. 2018. [ONLINE]. Available
through:<https://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-organizational-structure-
844.html>
Functions of Marketing. 2017. [ONLINE]. Available through:
<https://www.toppr.com/guides/business-studies/marketing/functions-of-marketing/>
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