Leadership and Management: Theories, Programs, and Benefits

This report delves into the crucial aspects of leadership and management within organizations. It begins by highlighting the differences and similarities between leaders and managers, emphasizing the importance of both for organizational success. The report then reviews various leadership theories, including transformational leadership, trait theory, and contingency theory, and how they can be applied to improve organizational functioning. It further evaluates leadership development programs, specifically the NHS Leadership Programme, assessing their effectiveness and the individual and organizational benefits they provide. The report underscores the significance of leadership training and development in fostering a productive workforce and achieving business goals. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the key elements of effective leadership and management, offering valuable insights for organizational improvement and competitive advantage.

ORGANISATIONS:
LEADERSHIP AND
MANAGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Literature Review............................................................................................................................1
Similarities between management and leadership.......................................................................2
Leadership Theories.....................................................................................................................3
Evaluation of Leadership Development Programme.......................................................................5
Importance of Leadership Training and Development for Organisations...................................5
NHS Leadership Programme.......................................................................................................6
Effectiveness of Leadership Programme.....................................................................................7
Individual and Organisational Benefits of the NHS Leadership Programme..............................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
There is a vast difference between leaders and managers which is that the managers give
direction and take decisions for the company which is going to be helpful. The leaders give
inspiration in the organization so that they can have a better workforce in the business which is
going to help the company achieve their productivity and have better profit margins. Managers
motivate, organize, decision making power, controlling, creative, etc for the company so that the
performance of the organization can be better (Kiersch and Peters, 2017). Transformational
leadership is a very effective functioning style of leadership because in this the leaders
understand the employees and interact with them so that the changes which are coming in the
company can be done accordingly which is a very important factor for the businesses. It is very
important for the leaders and managers to take decisions for the organization together because
the leaders understand the internal factors which can affect the productivity so making the
changes in the company will be more effective. Inspired workforce can help the company to
achieve their predetermined goals which is a great factor for the company. There are different
styles of leadership and management but in different situations different methods have to be used
so that the company can have a better outcome. Managers and leaders of the companies have to
be experienced and skilled so that they can take the right decision for the organization so that
they can make the company have better market share.
The report consists of significance of leadership and management in organizations,
theories which can be applied so that there is a better functioning and leadership development
programs. Understanding these factors is going to be very helpful for organizations to have a
better functioning for themselves in the market and get a competitive advantage which is going
to be very good for the organization for a long run.
Literature Review
As noted by Schoemaker, Heaton and Teece, (2018) leadership refer process that influence
people working in firm to perform specific task and responsibilities as per instruction of leader
for effective achievement of goals. Leaders provide guidance, roles and responsibilities to be
performed by each member within company for accomplishment of specific goals. It can also be
stated that leadership is art that help in influencing and inducing individual to perform various
activities in particular manner. Whereas management include various activities and strategies
needs to be continuous monitored and administrated so that they be coordinate for objective of
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firm. Therefore management is a process that manages, systematically arrange and organised,
control various resource and individual that are working within firm in order to gain competitive
advantages. Management is process of planning in advance activities and function need to be
performed in particular manner so that needs of customers can be meet within limited time and
cost. As per author manager and leader both plays important role in growth and success of
business as leaders motivate and influence individual to perform work in specific manners. On
the other hand manager plans and arrange various resources so that they can improve their
performance and promote growth and success of enterprise. It can be stated that both manager
and leader helps in effective utilisation of various resources and achievement of goals.
Management helps in arranging sufficient resources so that they can be effectively utilise under
guidance of leadership to provide best and qualitative services to people.
Similarities between management and leadership
As per view of Stuppy and Mead, (2016) there are various similarities between
management and leadership activities that are performed with organisation so that it can satisfy
needs and requirements of people and achieve its objectives. Both leader and manager perform
function in order to motivate and influence individual to work effectively so that company can
achieve its objectives. Various similarities between function of leader and management are that
there aim is to coordinate work of different individual so that common goals can be achieved.
As per the author Manager as well as leader is responsible for resolving various issue that exist
between individual so that they can work as team thus promoting growth and success of
company in the industry. Both provide better and good working environment so that individual is
free and comfortable to put there extra effort to face various challenges and take advantages to
available opportunities in the market. They also ensure that appropriate training and development
program are organised so that they can easily perform various function and take active part in
growth and survive of firm. Employee need to be motivated and influence so it is responsibilities
of both manager and leader to use innovative technique in order to induce employees to improve
their performance. Leader and manager both encourage view, ideas and opinion of people so that
they think being a active part of company and are motivate to effectively utilise various
resources. Leader and manager both are responsible to introduce new individual with its roles,
responsibilities and its interrelationship with other department so that they can easily
communicate and perform various activities together.
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As noted by Eichenseer and Moser, (2019) manager and leader both measures and
evaluates performance of employees so that various strategies can be planned for growth and
development of individual within firm. Both of them continuous monitors and supervise
performance and plans way so that they can be further motivated to improve their performance
and take active part in growth of firm. At the same time leader and manager both are accountable
and answerable for ineffective performance of various individual. Both should have good
interpersonal and communication skill in order to effective exchange and share various crucial
information of firm and motivate employees to work hard. Analytical skills are also necessary
for analysing and evaluating performance and finding appropriate way to resolve different issue
and challenges that ate faced by company. As per view of author Management and leaders both
are responsible to provide equal opportunities to all so that they can work effectively. They also
have to ensure that various legal laws such as to ensure health and safety of people while they are
performing various function within organisation. Therefore it can stated as per view of author
leader and manager are two different individual but they both lead and manage people so that
they can effectively utilise various resources of company and promote growth and success in the
industry.
Leadership Theories
There are different leadership theories that can be used by manager and leader to
influence and motivate employees to work hard, minimise wastage and improves its performance
for achievement of desired goals. As stated by Dugan, (2017) various theories used by manager
and leader to coordinate work of individual and effectively utilise resource of company so that
goals and objectives are achieved. Theories help in effective management of people as they are
the prescribed way to motivate employees to perform in specific manner for attainment of
common objectives. Such prescribed manner helps in reducing efforts and time of leader and
manager to plan and think way so that performance of employees can be enhanced and company
objectives are achieved. Among them two theories that can be used by leader and management to
enhance performance and productivity of firm are traits theory and behavioural theory. As per
view of author manager and leader by using trait theory state that leader and managers have
specific skill and knowledge to manage and influence people since they were born. But at the
same time it states that there are certain qualities, skills that it had learnt through experience thus
it enhances its leadership and management skill. Individual by performing various activities and
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challenging situation is able to enhance its traits and skill that are present since it was born.
Therefore, as per view of author some skill are inbuilt that helps manager and leader to influence
and manage people effectively for desired goals and objectives. Such as a person may have
ability to effective communicates and influence other to perform specific task in particular
manner. It stated that communication skill and interpersonal skills exist in individual behaviour
that helps it in growth and development of individual in future career to become manager or
leader to motivate people. Decision making is another skill that may exist since individual has
born as because of his intelligence and analytical skill so it helps to take appropriate decision so
that company can gain opportunities and protect itself from various threats. Another skill that
pre-exist in individual is time management so it has abilities to perform various activities and
responsibilities within limited time and cost. Whereas manager and leaders learn technical
knowledge and culture, beliefs, preferences of different people working in organisation through
its experience. It is also able to learn ability to resolve specific problem and issue of employees
with experience by knowing their nature, preference and the things that had affect their
performance. Manager and leader learn ability to manage different types of people by practical
understanding their point of view and trying to find way that can motivate them to improve their
performance. Therefore as per opinion of author there are various skill that are present in
individual traits to manage and motivate employees and some of them are developed as per time
and experiences. Thus, it helps in enhancing skills that are already present since it has born to
effectively guide and motivate employees.
As noted by Hoyt and Murphy, (2016) another theories of leadership that is used for
effective utilisation of resource and enhancing performance of various employees that are
working within firm is contingency theory. It is one of the best theories as it stated that leader
and manager uses different techniques and tool to effectively utilise resource and influence
employee to work hard. It also explains that no particular way can be used to motivate, manage
different people working within firm as situation change continuously and different people have
different needs and preferences. Therefore it is stated by author that leader and manager by using
contingency theories are able helps company in competitive advantages by taking appropriate
decision as per situation. Suppose if employees of company are highly motivated to work hard so
the manager and leader doest put extra effort to influence them to improve their performance.
But if the employees are underperforming and are not aware about roles and responsibilities to
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be performed by each individual so it is roles and responsibilities to provide attractive
compensation and arrange training program so that they can easily perform various activities.
The theory is essential in today environment as needs and preference of employee’s changes
continuously so it is duty of manager and leader to motivate employees as per situation. Such as
leader and manager can bring continuous change by using contingency theories for management
of people within firm so that they can take advantages of available opportunities. Employees by
working together team are ready to face challenges and protect company from various threats
because of contingency theory used by manager and leaders. It helps in growth and development
of manager and leader as both have to think new and innovative method to operate its function
effectively as per situation. As the author stated that contingency theory does not explains
particular way to motivate and guide employees or handle various situation therefore different
techniques and method is to be used to effectively manage people within firm. It stated that
success of leader and manager not only depend upon its abilities and skill but it also related to
various external and internal factors such as working environment, culture of company and
employees that are working with firm. The author means to say that leader and manager have to
plan for various technique to effective manage people while considering various situation such as
good or bad working environment and number of employees work with different culture and
tradition. Leader and manager by effectively using contingency theory and planning strategies as
per situation is able to improve performance of individual and effective utilisation of various
resources. Therefore such leadership theories used by leader and manager of firm helps in
effective operation of its function and achievement of company goals.
Evaluation of Leadership Development Programme
Importance of Leadership Training and Development for Organisations
Leadership training and development of employees is immensely essential for business
organisations in increasing their operational productivity performance and efficiency. This is
because leadership within a business organisation is the first person to initiate action within the
organisation by communicating all relevant plans and strategies to employees in an effective and
efficient manner, leading to no confusions. An organisational leader can help maintain the
organisation’s performance and efficiency by supervising their workforce when necessary and by
sharing their knowledge and experience amongst lesser experiences workers. Effective leaders
can also help keep the organisational workforce highly motivated and job satisfied by providing
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them with valuable rewards and incentives (Chakraborty and Kaynak, 2016). Leaders also are
necessary to create effective organisational teams and guide these to achieve operational
objectives with cooperation and teamwork, in a fast and efficient manner. Skilled leadership is
also essential for organisations to build and maintain workforce morale and confidence and to
help the workforce develop and grow professionally in order to become more productive
members of the organisation. Leaders also help improve the cooperation and teamwork of
existing employees by creating effective teams which can accomplish tasks collectively that any
individual is incapable of.
NHS Leadership Programme
For evaluation purposes, this report has chosen the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
programme from amongst all the available NHS leadership training and development
programmes. The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme has been strategically designed by a
combination of globally renowned and successful business, academic and healthcare experts to
bring together a comprehensive perspective on leadership within the healthcare industries. The
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme is a special healthcare leadership training and
development exercise which is delivered as a joint award from the reputed University of
Manchester and University of Birmingham respectively, with the programme having additional
contributions from other renowned institutions within the healthcare business such as the Social
Care Institute of Excellence, Eden and Partners, National Voices and UK Improvement Alliance
respectively (Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme, 2020). The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
programme requires 24 months of part time study for completion by the potential candidates.
The program has been fully accredited by relevant authorities and organisations within the
healthcare industries and upon completion by the potential candidates, leads to a dedicated
Masters in Healthcare Leadership for the candidate along with a NHS Leadership Academy
Award certification.
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme allows groups of potential candidates to
participate in the programme together with the intention to draw upon and absorb each others
prior relevant experiences in order to effectively become a leader in the healthcare industries.
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme allows participants to share experiences, develop
and grow together in hopes that participants can come together and get to know and learn from
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one another, build meaningful interpersonal professional relationships which can help them
become a better and successful leader in the future along with creating memories and bonds
which they can cherish for a lifetime. The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme has been
strategically created to help all potential candidates become more physically, mentally,
emotionally and capably resilient in order to cope properly with the stress and pressures of
leading a healthcare organisation’s members efficiently and effectively. The leadership
programme imparts all necessary leadership knowledge onto its candidates upon completion
such as how candidates can effectively work within healthcare teams in order to increase the
group’s overall effectiveness and efficiency, how a leader can increase the operational
productivity and performance of his team members by understanding their operational behaviour
and working styles and why efficient teams are immensely beneficial in healthcare industries to
save lives of patients in increasingly stressful situations (Gopee and Galloway, 2017). The
Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme has been strategically designed by professional to help
their candidates develop both personally and professionally and become increasingly able to
meet the leadership demands of a healthcare organisation. The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson
programme is structured to help all potential candidates tackle the high pressure healthcare
environments effectively in order to improve the healthcare industry patient’s health and
experiences.
Effectiveness of Leadership Programme
This report has assessed the NHS’s Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme to be
sufficiently effective in all of criteria in which the leadership programme was judged upon. The
creators of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme have put in place an eligibility criteria for all
potential candidates to only select potentially worthy candidates from all available ones in an
effort to make their chosen candidates similar to each other in terms of skill level and relevant
experiences in the healthcare industries. The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme only
accepts middle to senior clinical or non clinical professionals within the healthcare industries
whose career ambition is to eventually lead complex and large sized services, programmes,
systems and departments of care within the healthcare industries (Hargett and et.al., 2017). These
candidates are also required to possess a UK Honours degree in any individual subject of their
preference and are required to have scored a minimum of 2:2 or above grade on completion of
the degree or equivalent qualification. In addition to this the candidate is also required to have
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garnered a minimum professional experience of three years or more in leading teams or services
within the healthcare industries. Only if the applicants fulfil this eligibility criteria, can they be
accepted to study the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme for their leadership training and
development.
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme’s structure has also been assessed to be quite
effective in helping all potential candidates grow and develop personally and professionally in
order to become effective and efficient leaders within the healthcare organisations. The
leadership programme comprises of seven individual study modules for candidates to complete
during their 24 months of part time study. Through its various modules, The Elizabeth Garrett
Anderson programme imparts all the necessary skills, behaviour, knowledge and attitude onto
the candidates which they require in order to become an effective leader and to build a healthy
professional culture that centres the ailing patients in leader’s approach within the healthcare
industries (Sahne and Sar, 2017). The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme’s modules have
been strategically designed to enable its leadership candidates to make use of their prior tasks,
work role and past experiences to a more practical use while taking on the course modules to
study leadership in healthcare industries. The course modules require at least 15 hours a week of
studies from the candidates and have been strategically segmented to teach candidates about
multiple themes which will support their self, team and organisational leadership training and
development.
The Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme also effectively applies various learning
method to facilitate the leadership training and development of its candidates by making use of
cutting edge innovative virtual campuses, face to face developments, residentials and online tutor
support methods to make great leaders in healthcare industries out of their candidates. The
programme employs multiple world class experts to teach student various subjects in order to
instil in them the professional skills needed to perform in a senior leadership roles within the
healthcare industries. 50% of the total studies is segmented to work based applications where
candidates can practically make use of the activities which they learned in their online virtual
campus (Kim, Halpin and Morrison, 2017). Another 30% is further categorised into academic
online learning and assignments where the candidates gain theoretical knowledge of leadership
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within the healthcare industries and 15% of the course is kept for face to face development
workshops and interactive training activities.
Upon completion of the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme, candidates are
effectively ready to become senior leaders in the healthcare industries as was the planned
learning outcome of the programme. Upon completion, candidates are ready to lead individual
healthcare organisation towards ensuring their patients have a positive and safe healthcare
experience. Candidates now clearly understand how their operations can help improve the
patient’s healthcare experience and also how to guide their team members and subordinates to
provide patients with a positive experience as well. Their candidates are now equipped with all
the academic and theoretical knowledge that they will need to perform senior leadership tasks in
healthcare organisation effective and also know how to best apply these theoretical frameworks
to practical situation in order to increase the healthcare effectiveness and efficiency and save
more lives.
Individual and Organisational Benefits of the NHS Leadership Programme
Completing the Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme provides both individual and
their employing organisation with a host of operational benefits in the healthcare industries such
as:
Individual Benefits:
 Individuals get to learn about effective leadership within the healthcare industries from
world class healthcare experts who make use of new and innovative learning techniques
and approaches to prepare individuals for senior leadership roles in healthcare
organisations.
 Individuals upon completing the course get more meaningful understanding of the
patient’s healthcare experience and how they can improve it by their operations.
 Individuals also get the theoretical knowledge about leadership practices they would need
to perform in highly stressful healthcare environments and teaches them how to apply
these theoretical frameworks to their leadership operations dynamically in real life.
 Individuals also get knowledge about how to better collaborate with others through
groups and teams and how the team’s overall operational performance and efficiency can
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be improved in a healthcare environment across convoluted departments, systems and
services of healthcare
 Individuals also become more physically, emotionally and psychologically resilient to
perform the tasks demanded from them in high pressure leadership roles within the
healthcare organisations
Organisational Benefits:
 Having effective leaders allows healthcare organisations to possess or implement better
organisational culture which places the needs and requirements of its patients at its
centre.
 Possessing a good number of highly skilled, effective and innovative leadership within
the healthcare organisation allows it to better plan for operational succession.
 Effective leadership within the healthcare organisation allows it to operate with more
strategy allowing greater collaboration with others across complex and large scale
programmes, services and systems of health care (Swanwick and McKimm, 2017).
 Skilled and resourceful leadership allows the healthcare organisation to mitigate its losses
and use its available resources in a far more efficient manner resulting in increased
productivity and efficiency for the healthcare organisation overall.
 Capable leadership is immensely essential for healthcare organisation to create effective
organisational teams and groups with the objective to increase their operational
performance and effectiveness in providing necessary healthcare to patients.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it can be concluded that it is very important to have the right set of
managers and leaders in a company so that they can have an effective functioning for
themselves. This can help the company to have an effective functioning which will lead to
increase in profit margins and competitive advantage which is a great factor for the companies in
the market. The leaders and managers have to work together so that they can get a better
workforce in the company and there has to be transparency in the organization so that they can
make the company achieve their objectives and goals. Good set of leaders in the company can
make the company have high profit margins, quality of the products and increase and the
company will be able to have a better functioning for themselves which is a very important
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factor. The customers shift from one company to another so that the trends of the customers are
met therefore the managers of the company have to make sure that they are making changes in
the company from time to time (Baltaci and Balcı, 2017). It is very important to meet the
standards of the customers and expectations which will make the customers loyal to the
company. It is very important for the company to have a motivated workforce which can be done
by the leaders by providing the employees with extra incentives and extra privileges so that there
is a better functioning for themselves which is a very important factor for them. There has to be
right training and development which is required by the employees so that they can match up to
the expectations. The leaders and managers must take decisions for the company together so that
the outcome of the business can be better.
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Elizabeth Garrett Anderson programme, 2020 [Online]. Available
Through:<https://www.leadershipacademy.nhs.uk/programmes/elizabeth-garrett-
anderson-programme/>
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