Organisations and Systems Analysis Report: Botswana Airport Case Study

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizations and systems, focusing on tools and techniques applied to a case study of Sir Seretse Khama International Airport and the introduction of a Special Economic Zone (SEZ). The report is divided into two parts. Part 1 explores SWOT, PESTEL, and Porter's Five Forces analyses, along with data and process modeling tools such as Rapid Miner and Gantt charts. It also discusses interviewing and questionnaire techniques used to gather information. Part 2 covers soft systems and workshop planning. The report examines the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) of the airport, the impact of political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors (PESTEL), and the competitive forces affecting the airport using Porter's Five Forces model. Data modeling using Rapid Miner and process modeling using Gantt charts are also discussed. The report concludes with a summary of findings and recommendations for organizational and systems development. The report is a valuable resource for students studying business development and systems analysis, offering practical insights into real-world applications.

Organisations and
Systems Analysis

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................................3
PART 1..................................................................................................................................................3
PART 2 (a)............................................................................................................................................9
PART 2 (b)..........................................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................13
Books & Journal:...........................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisation is group of people, association or team which comes together for a common
purpose. System analysis is defined as shaping, improving performance & accomplishing of
growth in enterprise (Lundu, 2017). Both system analysis and organisation are essential for higher
development. This report comprises of two parts in which part 1 includes various tools like
PESTEL, SWOT, Porter Five Forces, data modelling & process modelling & then technique such
as interviewing and questionnaire. Further in Part two it includes soft systems and workshop
planning. This current essay is based on given case study accordingly tools & techniques have been
applied. System analysis assist in development of firm coverall structure.
PART 1
TOOLS
1. SWOT Analysis
It is a tool which is used by organisation to determine internal elements which affects the
business activities & environment at wider scale (Chimbombi, 2016). With help of this tool, it is
easier to make decisions regarding the business & other activities. To conducts this, proper market
information is needed through which it will be easier to gain competitive advantage. In reference
with case study of Sir Seretse Khama international airport & introduction of SEZ ( Special
Economic Zone ), this tools is being used for achieving objectives.
Strength
 It is the largest & main international
airport of capital city Botswana.
 With introduction of special economic
zone, it is easier for airport to expand
their services & products at higher scale.
 Due to introduction of SEZ, many new
business organization have came into
existence away from airport around 2-3
km.
Weakness
 The airport growth is slow due to which
its debt prices are increasing which leads
to low price of their product or service.
 As SEZ have been introduced, it is
difficult to arrange resources &
manpower for carrying out the activities
in proper manner (Mäkelä, 2017).
Opportunity
 With high expand of SEZ, airport can
collaborate with other new business
Threats
 There diamond business in Africa is
being carried out in legal as well as

organisation which will help them
expanding of airport infrastructure.
illegal way. This is threat for SEZ &
airport because it might cause a problem.
2. PESTEL Analysis
It is a framework which is used by entities to examine the impact of external factors which
affects the business environment at deeper level (Ortega, 2019). It is beneficial for enterprise to
analyse their progress / performance analysis. It is a time consuming process as it requires deep
level of market analysis. So, it includes several elements which are described below-
Political factors-
It is element in which it includes tax, policies, governmental law, environmental law etc. It
reflects degree up to which government inter-fare in economy. It is crucial to examine this factor so
that political components are known. Sir Seretse International airport, per capital income is affected
by government interventions (Kara, 2018). As because it is fluctuating & has high impact on their
overall functioning.
Economic-
This is component which involves inflation, deflation rate, tariff, non-tariff rate etc. The
component in this are non-controllable because they occur with uncertain events & changes the
statistics. In relation with SEZ, this zone is deeply affected by this factor because municipalities are
largely affected. It has been seen that as SEZ is developed, it increases foreign direct investment. It
assist airport of Botswana to run their services in most appropriate way (Varelas, 2017).
Social factor-
Then, further comes the social elements which comprises of value, beliefs, age, etc. It also
have deep impact on organisations. In relevance with given airport & SEZ, they also have been
impacted by these social factors as it creates more employment opportunities for local workers &
increases their livelihood.
Technological factor-
Another one is technological in which it comprises of use of artificial intelligence, advances
operating & management system etc. With fast changing of rapid technology, it has become
important to adopt most appropriate software or hardware for system. Therefore, in relevance with
case study of airport, with use of high end security & system they have been able to access larger
customer according to which they provide services. Then, with further analysis of SEZ they use
special security systems so that protection is given to business resources & groups.
Environmental-
This a factor which comprises of pollution, environmental issues, green agenda, waste
management etc. It affects business at deeper scale because they are being focused by citizen of

society. In reference with given case study, as they operate ample number of activities like air buses,
water services, air plane oil & pollution, it results in violating the terms & regulations of
environmental regulatory bodies. It creates issue for airports because regular checking & meetings
are to be carried out by regulatory bodies to control the pollution which arises from airports.
Legal factor- It involves contracts, agreements, forms, which are carried out & managed
under governmental laws. These are the basis on which all business or organisations are legally
authorised to do their business. In context of undertaken, case study of airport as well as special
economic zone, the all activities & operations of Botswana airport is regulated under consideration
of CAAB which is also known as Civil Aviation Authority of Botswana (Mon, 2020). It is
regulatory body which is legally responsible for development of airports or other activities. Through
this, everything is being done by properly following laws or legislations.
3. Porter Five Forces Model Analysis
It is framework which is adopted by entities to examine the intensity of competitive analysis
in market (Costa, 2017). It is a most appropriate tool which used by firm with aim of
understanding the level of competition in proper manner. Therefore, it include various forces which
are mentioned below-
Threat of substitutes- It refers to availability of alternative product with existing one. In
this force, customers in market finds substitute for their existing products by comparing taste, price,

preference & many more variables. In reference with case study, given airport also have many
substitutes like Francistown airport, Hukunsi Airport etc. Customer easily move to these airports
also if they find better services from them.
Threats of new entries- New entries in market also affects the business operations at larger
scale. Threat of new entry is higher when there are no availability of resources, the existing
products or firm does not satisfies needs of customers, or there are less involvement of government.
Thus, in relation with given airport chances of new entries is less because it is not easy to build
airports within a period of time.
Bargaining power of suppliers- In market, they suppliers are one who assist in delivering
of all resources & provide products to customers. Vendors mostly wish for high bargain power with
aim of more profit by providing low quality of services. In relevance with undertaken case study,
they suppliers have moderate power because of few buyers around the region.
Bargaining power of buyers- Power of buyers is high when there are few buyers in a
market. So, SEZ region of Botswana & airport services prices are higher because of its time
variation or demands (Karhof, 2016). Buyers often demands for high bargaining power with aim of
getting resources, products at affordable prices & good quality.
Rivalry among existing competitors- It results in competition amongst the same industry.
This factor is crucial because it assist in determining of competition in sector. So, SSIA also have
many competitors like Kasna airport, Sua Pan etc. But the level of rivalry is low due to limited
resources within the market place & slow development. Rivalry among existing competitors
increases market development which also increase the business sector.
Therefore, this help in analysing the level of forces that impact the competition in market.
Porter five forces model also help in examining of correct decisions such whether to enhance
industry sector or not.
4. Data modelling tool
These are those which are model based testing tools which generates test inputs from stored
credentials regrading a particular model. These are mostly used by developers with aim of
designing software. So, SSKIA uses Rapid miner data modelling tool in their management for
developing software & designs. Main benefits of data modelling tool is that it help in managing of
maintenance costs by elimination of inconsistencies (Naik, 2016). It also improves data quality
which leads to increases in performance. Thus, these are used by airports through which they are
able to use most high performance software.
Rapid Miner-
It is tool which is adopted by many organisation because of its capability to build machine
learning models & turn them into real course elf actions. With use of this tool, it is easier for them

to design as well mas develop effective system. The IT team of CAAB & airports make assures that
it is adopted under consideration of expertise with high skilled employees (Simões, 2016).
Its features are mentioned below-
 GUI- It contains graphical user interface which means that it has visual components for
development of software.
 Multiple data methods- This tool has ample number of data management methods which
help in development of appropriate software designs as well as user interface.
 Application templates- This tool also has feature of additional template as it help in using
of data & codes with proper manner.
With help of data modelling it is easy to create database structures & diagram for a project.
Moreover, through this correct decision making process is being carried out. To use this tool, they
have their own skilled IT knowledgeable employees through which they are able to use this tool in
most efficient way. The regulatory bodies of airport make ensure that most secured software is
being developed. This Rapid Minor tool assist in
5. Process modelling
It is a another tool which is used by organisations to construct or represent a firm's
workflows or processes with aim of improving weak areas. In relevance with SSKIA, they use
GANTT chart as process modelling tool. Gantt chart is tool which depicts the visual communication
in which it shows tasks are are to be carried out during process (Bell, 2019). With use of this, it is
easy for SSKIA to identify weather project is running according to timeline or not. It is graphical
representation as of activities of a project. With use of this Gantt chart tool, it is beneficial as it
improve way of communication, assist in measurement of projects, also help in use of resources in
efficient manner.
Through use of process modelling, they help giving clear understanding of processes
works or operates. Through them, inefficiencies/ errors are also removed which increases reliability
of project & work. It is time consuming process because correct analysis is to be prepared to assign
roles, responsibilities & assigning of task is critical.
Techniques
Interviewing
As per the given report, interviewing technique is being adopted by individuals to exchange
credentials so to achieve objectives. The above stated tools has been discussed after interviewing
of staff who work in airports, SEZ, region etc.(Kusumaningrum, 2019). With help of this technique,
it is easier to make decisions regarding the collected information is correct or not. There several
types of interviewing technique like small group or on site interview, screening, telephonic etc. In

this research report, informational & small group interview is being adopted for gathering of
credentials.
Informational technique- In this interview, advice or learning of particular field is being
asked. This was conducted on expertise of airports who have complete knowledge of management
& operations.
Advantages
 Information gathered- It assists in collecting of credentials from expertise or others.
 Help in decision making- It also help in examining of understanding specific field or area
(Lundu, 2017).
Disadvantages-
 Not always reliable- This collected information is not always reliable which might cause
a problem during process.
Small group interview- In this, questions were asked to group of people such marketing
department were interviewed regarding their sales or profit ration analysis. To do this, eye contact
was made with everyone so that data is gathered in most efficient way.
Advantages-
 Easy to collect- Through this, it is easy to gather credentials about a related field because it
is collected form number of people with same field.
Questionnaires-
This a technique in which set of questions are prepared in which questions related to
specific field are asked from respondents (Chimbombi, 2016). It is was carried out through face to
face process so that actual reaction of respondent is also recorded. There are various types of
questionnaires open ended, close ended, multiple choice questions, dichotomous questions etc.
Thus, in this closed ended questionnaire have been carried out.
Closed ended questions- These are those type of questions which includes limited number
of options like d agree, disagree, yes, no, or through use of rating scale. It is beneficial for analysing
quantitative data.
Benefits-
 Easy to use- This form of technique is easy to use as questions are pre-decided & answers
are top be given by respondents from provided set.
Drawbacks-
 Small insight- It does not give detailed credentials related to specific area as questions are
only in options yes no, agree, disagree etc.
Therefore, the above paragraph depicts that with use above stated techniques it is possible
to collect information regarding report which help in making effective decisions. It is crucial to use

them in correct way so that problems do not occur in future period of time. Both are being used in
conduct9ing report with aim to achieve positive results (Mäkelä, 2017).
PART 2 (a).
Soft Systems- Rich picture

Soft system methodology depicts the procedures for investigating firm or project issues /
problems that are being undertaken to improve those procedures. It is unpin by rich supported
techniques which comprises of set of processes. Rich picture refers to picture showing components
or process to make some improvement during process. The SSM assist in understanding the actual
problem of scenario or event. Sainsbury's, a largest supermarket firm headquartered in UK which
deals in ample number of products like groceries, cosmetics, etc. customers from all age uses firm
products at larger scale. The above picture shows clear relationship between customer & suppliers
relationship management of Sainsbury's (Ortega, 2019). It depicts that relationship of both suppliers
& customers is long which involves number of processes which is to be carried out in systematic
way.
PART 2 (b).
Workshop Planning
Workshop are important for proper understanding of organisational objectives that they are
in continuous process of development or not. Sainsbury's largest supermarket store in UK is
conducting workshop to expand & improve mutual knowledge of staff and management within the
firm (Kara, 2018). There are several steps which will be followed to successfully conduct this
workshops which are described below-
 Format- Before running a workshop it is first necessary to identify the correct format for
undertaken workshop. For example- aims, queries, opportunities , process will be carried
out for 5 minutes.
 Smarter principles- Then further, task of every individual/ groups will be discussed by
analysing SMARTER principles & objectives.

 Team theory- As the workshop is being conducted to improve staff & management
relationship, Tuckman team develop theory will be focused to clearly understand team roles/
responsibilities.
 Outside location- The workshop is going to be conducted outside the location of firm so
that staff & management confidence increases at higher level. Also, it will enhance their
change environment of doing work.
 Paired- All members of staff will be paired with management employees so that mutual
understanding get developed at higher level.
 Brainstorming session- Furthermore, to improve effectiveness of this workshop
brainstorming session will be carried out which will leads to generation of more new ideas
and individual will be able to enjoy freedom of expression.
 Technology- Technology with updated features will be used by both staff & management
through which they will be able to creatively participate in this workshop. In relation with
chosen corporation, they use high end update technologies which makes them fast moving
enterprise (Varelas, 2017).
 Group activities- In this, group activities will be conducted so that positive relationship is
being established between both the parties. Through these, problems & conflicts will be
resolved in most efficient way.
 Conclusion- At last, it will be concluded through giving appraisals to staff management by
providing them rewards, promotions, bonus etc. It will enhance their will power,
relationship, morale it higher level (Mon, 2020).
Thus, the above matter states that workshop planning is time consuming process which is
required to be undertaken with correct considerations. Manager of enterprise needed to be active
regarding the planning so that errors are eliminated.

CONCLUSION
After a brief analysis of above report, it has been concluded that organisation & system
analysis is crucial to be adopted so that businesses are able to accomplish their goals in proper
manner. So, discussions have been made about several tools & techniques, soft systems, workshop
planning. It has been analysed that with deep analysis of market, all tools & techniques are being
applied in most appropriate way. Furthermore, decision making process is being carried out in most
efficient way. System analysis is necessary for every organisation so that entities are able to
improve their overall structure of management. Manager need to be aware about their all process as
well as function so that it become easier to choose appropriate approaches.

REFERENCES
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