Report on Organisation Behaviour: A David & Co Limited Analysis

This report analyzes organizational behavior within the context of A David & Co Limited, a medium-sized food and beverage company. It explores how organizational culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behavior and performance. The report examines various cultural aspects, including task, person, and role cultures, and discusses the impact of politics and different forms of power (reward and coercive) on employees. It then evaluates motivation theories, such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Theory X and Y, and their application in achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, the report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the importance of team dynamics. Finally, it applies organizational concepts and philosophies to the prevailing situation, offering insights into enhancing productivity and market image. The report emphasizes the crucial role of HR managers in fostering a positive work environment and motivating employees to achieve organizational objectives.

Organisation Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Culture, politics and power influence on individual and team behaviour and performance. 1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Evaluate theories of motivation and techniques for achievement of organisation goals.......4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 An effective team as opposes to an ineffective team ............................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Apply organisational concepts and philosophies...................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour defines about pattern of human behaviour which influence their
work in team and firm. For this, it is necessary that management have appropriate knowledge
about each and every person which are employed in company to enhance productivity and
profitability. Present report is based on A David & Co Limited which is medium sized firm
providing food and beverages. Firm provide fresh items with good ingredients to easily attract
large number of customers to increase their market image and reputation. Organisation's culture,
politics and power influence on an individual and team behaviour and performance is described
in this assignment. HR manager uses motivational theories and techniques to have dedicated staff
members which perform tasks effectively and help them in achievement of goals and objectives
(Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa, 2011). In addition to this, difference between effective and
ineffective team is also mentioned in this report which help administration to construct proper
team. Besides this, organisational concepts and philosophies and its applicability in respect to
prevailing situation is mentioned.
TASK 1
P1 Culture, politics and power influence on individual and team behaviour and performance
In company, organisation behaviour plays important role in functioning of system.
Management responsibility is to construct and provide positive working environment to
subordinates to make them perform tasks effectively. For this, top personnel of A David & Co
Limited frame tactics and monitor employees outcomes to make changes in system accordingly.
This help them to have knowledge about organisation's culture, politics and power impacts on
behaviour and performance of an individual and team, thereby manage these aspects in system
for betterment of company.
Culture: This aspect comprises values, norms, values, assumptions, belief and many
other tactics which depend on management's knowledge. Employees behaviour and performance
is influenced by organisation culture they get either motivate them or discourage them towards
their duties assigned to them (Bolino and et. al., 2013). In A David & Co Limited, management
have motivated staff for which positive culture is provided to make them work effectively. This
help company deliver quality food products and beverages to customers. Along this, human
resources is also able to lower down subordinates absent and turnover rate. Thus, firm have
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skilled and competent staff members which aid company to enhance their market position and
image. Along this, manager is even able to establish competitive advantage in respect to rivals to
attract large number of people, thereby enhance sales and profitability (Carpenter, Berry and
Houston, 2014). Thus, these are various types of culture which influence on employees
performance is stated below:
Task culture: This tactic define that medium scale enterprises require proper utilisation
of resources for execution of business operations effectively. For this, administration need to
have knowledge about organisation goals and objectives which are used to design system
accordingly. Management of A David & Co Limited to frame team and distribute members
which aid them in usage of funds, material and manpower efficiently. Besides this, superior
provide guidance and instructions to subordinates to make them work properly and provide
quality food items and beverages to customers.
Person culture: This is another aspect which specifies that organisation require to have
sufficient workforce for achievement of objectives and goals. It is human resource responsibility
to conduct HRM practices that are recruitment, staffing, compensation, motivation, training and
development. These activities help A David & Co Limited to have skilled and competent
subordinates which provide fresh and good quality food and beverages to people. Along this,
innovative and creative business ideas are implemented for growth of business in market.
Role culture: It is part of organisation culture which define functional structure which
companies adopt to frame hierarchy in regard to team. For this, management organise and
distribute members in team to utilise resources efficiently (Contrafatto and Burns, 2013). HR of
A David & Co Limited provide role and distribute duties to employees in according to their skills
and capabilities, so that they are able to perform tasks effectively. Along this, subordinates are
given manager to whom they are accountable help company in execution of business operations
effectively.
Politics: This tactic specifies about human being interaction at organisation in respect to
top personnel which have authority and power to make decisions. It is a negative aspect which
have chances of issues and discouragement of staff in A David & Co Limited, as they require to
work in environment which is full of politics. Along this, subordinates interest is also affected
due to strict rules and regulations enforces by management. Thus, these are impacts on members
performance and behaviour which is described beneath:
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Enhances the stress level: A David & Co Limited working environment is influenced by
politics, as subordinates have competition to grow in career. This produces jealousy which create
stress and affect employees work in team (Elstad, Christophersen and Turmo, 2012). Along this,
manager capabilities and mind set influence on performance of whole team.
Decline in productivity: In A David & Co Limited, employee’s productivity level is
affected by internal politics which causes conflicts and disputed between team members. This
also impact on team member’s concentration towards work which result in downfall in quality of
food items.
Power: This aspect define that top personnel are given responsibility by executive to
design system in respect to organisation goals and objectives. Along this, they even need to have
ability to persuade and make employees work in team for enhancing productivity of A David &
Co Limited. In company, management power is to direct members and make them function in
according to their vision and thoughts. This tactic has both positive and negative impact on
employees performance. Thus, these are two forms of power which are mentioned beneath:
Reward power: This is efficient technique which help management to improve their
performance to get appropriate rewards in respect to their outcomes. This form of power is uses
by many firms which help them to have talented workforce which conduct operations in efficient
way. Along this, monetary is best tool which benefit HR manager of A David & Co Limited to
motivate staff and deliver quality food items to customer (Fagbohungbe, Akinbode and Ayodeji,
2012). Thus, it is positive kind of power which aid company in improving their productivity and
market image.
Coercive power: It is another form of power which define that top personnel frame rules
and policies for directing subordinates and make them function appropriately. This help them to
provide duties to employees and a set of regulations which they require to follow while
conducting tasks. In A David & Co Limited, manager provide targets and booklet about
preparation of beverages and food products. thus, it is negative form of power which demotivate
workers and affect on their performance.
Therefore, organisation culture, power and politics are different aspects which affect on
behaviour and performance of individual and team. HR manager of A David & Co Limited
responsibility to provide positive environment and facilities to subordinates to make them
perform tasks effectively. Besides this, they even need to take care that politics and power
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aspects are kept away to give value to employees and make them dedicated towards their job.
Thus, company have productivity improves with help of appropriate culture that is provided by
top management to staff and customers.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate theories of motivation and techniques for achievement of organisation goals
Each and every organisation, top personnel goal is to enhance productivity of
organisation by improving performance of staff members, thereby accomplish goals and
objectives (Georgalis and et. al., 2015). Human resource of A David & Co Limited require to
have skilled and competent staff members for execution of business activities effectively. For
this, they construct and maintain relations with staff to have knowledge about their needs and
requirement. Thus, it is necessary that team members get appropriate working environment and
facilities in company which motivate them to perform tasks effectively.
Motivation is essential and important tactic which help management of A David & Co
Limited to have dedicated subordinates which perform tasks in effective manner. For this, HR
have different content and process theories to improve functioning of employees by
accomplishing their needs and demands. Thus, these is description of both types of theories
which is described below:
Content theory: This tactic includes model which define about behaviour of human and
their preferences which are used by organisation to conduct business activities accordingly.
These are theories which define framework that help management to motivate employees by
fulfilling their demands and instructing them about needs of customers. Maslow's need hierarchy
is one of model of this aspect which is described below:
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(Source: Maslow's need hierachy, 2018)
Maslow's need hierarchy theory: This model defines five components which define
needs of people which motivate members to perform tasks for fulfilment of them. Employees
have goal which make them dedicated and increase their morale to complete targets within
defined deadline for getting appropriate outcomes in respect of compensation.
Physiological Needs: This phase comprises elements which are essential for every
individual for their living that are food, clothes, shelter and many other biological requirements.
These are basic needs which an employee requires for proper functioning of their body and
protection (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna, 2016). For this, management of A David & Co
Limited require to give adequate compensation to staff members to fulfil their physiological
needs. This motivate subordinates to work and timely complete targets to gain salary for the
same.
Safety Needs: This is second stage which define that employees require to get job
security to ensure about monetary safety. An individual has threat of losing their job, if
management didn't require them in respect to organisation functionality in market (Hamer and
Collinson, 2014). Along this, they even need to get health safety in A David & Co Limited in
context of equipments and machines that are implemented in system for delivery of food items to
customers. Thus, subordinate is motivated if this need is fulfilled.
Social Needs: It is another phase which define that an individual require to get
belongingness in respect to friends, family, colleagues, superior. In organisation, management
construct and maintain relations with subordinates to acknowledge their thoughts and demands,
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Illustration 1: Maslow's need hierachy

thereby provide them appropriate facilities in firm. In context of A David & Co Limited, staff are
work in team to utilise resources efficiently and provide them advantage of performing tasks in
group. For this, manager collaborate and make employees coordinated by building bond between
them.
Esteem Needs: This stage specifies that individual require to get power and status in
according to their capabilities and skills. Besides this, subordinate’s requirement is to get respect
from others and higher authority to grow in career. This define that top personnel of A David &
Co Limited responsibility is to motivate staff members by giving them knowledge about future
job opportunities.
Self-actualization Needs: It is last stage which an individual require after completion of
above requirements. This is situation which define that person knowledge and experience
increases by working in organisation ( Huhtala and et. al., 2013). Along this, they even have
realisation about their potential level which produces encouragement to get work accordingly.
Theory X and Y
Theory X: This theory states that some of the employees of an organisation try to avoid
their work due to which their performance and efficiencies get affected. The managers of the A
David & Co Limited needs to provide the rewards and incentives to such employees for
enhancing their morales so that they can improve their performance.
Theory Y: This theory states that the few workers in a company are self motivated due to
which they perform their work effectively. These workers tends to take feedback from their
manager in order to improve their work. The managers of A David & Co Limited can provide
appreciation, flexible working arrangement etc. to such employees so that they can work hard for
improving their performance.
Process theory: This is another aspect which includes model which define about
development and changes in organisation and system which require to made in respect to market
conditions. Vroom expectancy is one of theory of this tactic which is mentioned beneath:
Vroom's expectancy theory: This model was developed by Victor Vroom in 1964
which define components which subordinate require to get as outcome in relate with their work.
Expectancy, Instrumentality and Valence are three components of this theory to which
motivation of employees depends. In this, management responsibility is to have knowledge about
needs and requirements of staff members to provide facilities accordingly. Along this,
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performance assessment help HR to have information about capabilities of subordinates by
analysing their outcomes (Ifinedo, 2012). Thus, appropriate things that are compensation,
appraisal, rewards and incentives help manager to have motivated subordinates which perform
tasks effectively, thereby benefit organisation in accomplishment of goals and objectives. Expectancy: This is essential tactic which define that top personnel inform employees
about targets and duties that they require to achieve. This helps staff members to have
focus and determination to work hard and complete work with specified time frame to get
incentives and rewards in against it. Instrumentality: It is process which define that performance assessment is conducted by
management to have knowledge about abilities of employees by comparing their results
with standards. This help top personnel of A David & Co Limited to provide
compensation and reward to subordinates, as promised to motivate them and increase
their dedication towards their job. Valence: This tactic specifies degree to which management can provide reward to
employees in respect to high success. In A David & Co Limited, subordinates are
promoted to higher authority in regard to their performance and outcomes to give them
value and increase their morale to work in effectively.
The Goal-Setting Theory
This theory was proposed by Edwin Locke which states that the setting up of goals is
associated with the performance. The managers can provide specific and challenging goals to the
employees as well as valid feedback which will contribute to their better performance as they are
getting the opportunities for self development. Clear goals of the employees directly contributes
in their better performance. However, the goals should be realistic and challenging through
which the employees can feel a sense of triumph in executing the task. The managers of the A
David & Co Limited needs to provide the clear understanding of goals to employees in order to
ensure their improved performance. Through this improved performance, they can gain
confidence which will assist them in achieving the future goals effectively.
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TASK 3
P3 An effective team as opposes to an ineffective team
Team refer to formulation of group of people that are given similar responsibilities in
respect to their capabilities. In organisation, management construct team for proper utilisation of
resources efficiently. This helps employees to perform tasks more effectively to complete targets
and duties within defined time. A David & Co Limited is medium size firm which require proper
utilisation of funds, material and manpower for accomplishment of business goals and objectives
(Jansen and Samuel, 2014). It is necessary that effective and ineffective team are analysed by top
personnel to build adequate team which are beneficial for performance of firm. Besides this,
Belbin Theory is appropriate concept which help company to build a strong team for betterment
of company.
Belbin's Theory: This model was propounded by Dr Meredith Belbin which specifies
propensity of staff member’s behaviour and performance in a team. It is necessary that
employees get appropriate culture in firm to achieve targets within defined deadline. Along this,
management create and maintain relations with subordinates to make them work effectively.
This help superior of A David & Co Limited to have skilled and competent people which deliver
quality food items to customers (Odetunde, 2013).
Plant: Individual who are included in this are creative innovator and always comes up
with new and innovative ideas, although they work to provide maximum benefits but they
majorly prefer to work alone rather than in a team. For this, they make use of latest tools and
technologies which can give them effective results in speculated time frame.
Resource allocator: In order to run a business it is necessary that firm has adequate
amount of resources which can further be used for executing plans in a better manner. Therefore,
having appropriate funds is one of the factor which may assist company in giving appropriate
results to company.
Co-ordinator: They are the one who provides with appropriate information related to
obtaining objectives and set goals. Therefore, here the role of manager is important as they are
the one who can guide and provide effective information to employees so that activities can be
done in a limited time frame.
Shaper: Shaper are dynamic in nature and guide others so that they can accomplish the
task properly. Other than this, they make sure that all policies and different possibilities are taken
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into consideration so that no issues and complications are faced by the firm while performing
their activities for attaining its goals and objectives (Pollack, Costello and Sankaran, 2013).
Monitor evaluator: In this prime role is to monitor the performance of workers this will
assist mangers in analysing behaviour of employees whether they are happy with their work or
not.
Teamwork: If company want to achieve goals and objectives it is crucial that they have
effective team and they perform task with a motive of working for a common goal. Further for
this, it is required that company have cleared objectives and goals that are to be achieved.
Implementer: They are considered as the practical organiser within the team. Further
different kinds of approaches and theories are used so that strategies can be implemented in a
better manner in order to get effective results. Implementer convert ideas into practical actions
and plan.
Complete: They are the one who go through the entire process thoroughly, this is done in
order to make sure that all omissions are being eliminated along with this complete finisher play
their crucial role in paying attention on smallest details (Unsworth, Dmitrieva and Adriasola,
2013).
Difference between effective and ineffective team is described below:
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Conflict Resolution Effective team construct and
maintain relations with staff
members which help them to
timely acknowledge issues and
conflicts faced by them,
thereby provide appropriate
solutions.
Ineffective team subordinate’s
thoughts didn't match which
define that relations between
superior and member has very
less chances that they are
determined towards goal
achievement rather than team
building.
Decision Making Employees are involved by
manager in decision-making
process which help them to
make appropriate judgements
Subordinates in this tactic
didn't get proper right about
their judgements being
recognised by management, as
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