Organization Behaviour: Culture, Motivation, and Team Dynamics

This report delves into the realm of organizational behaviour, using Volkswagen as a case study to illustrate key concepts. It begins by exploring the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team behaviour, emphasizing their interconnectedness and impact on performance. The report then examines motivational theories, particularly Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and their practical application within an organizational context. It further contrasts effective and ineffective teams, analyzing team and group development theories to evaluate their relevance. The report concludes by discussing the concepts and philosophies of OB within an organization, highlighting their positive and negative influences on behaviour. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into the dynamics of organizational behaviour and its impact on employee performance and overall company success.

ORGANIZATION
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
PART A...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of organization culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour.....1
M1 Critically analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on individual and team.......3
D1 Critical determine the relationship between culture, politics and power..............................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Theories of motivation and motivational techniques.............................................................4
M2 Influence of organization on behaviour of others through effective application of
motivational theories...................................................................................................................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................8
P3 Effective team and ineffective team......................................................................................8
M3 Team and group development theories.................................................................................9
D2 Evaluate relevance of team development theories..............................................................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
P4 Concepts and philosophies of OB within organization........................................................10
M4 Concepts and philosophies in how it influence behaviour in both positive and negative
ways..........................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is a term which means study of human nature while doing an
organizational management. Employees are seen as a major asset of corporate world because
business activities are managed or regulated by workers for attaining company objectives in a
defined time frame (Andersson, Jackson and Russell, 2013). Volkswagen is a leading
organization in automotive industry due to its qualitative cars as well as advanced technology of
promoting. Therefore, assignment is going to highlight the impact of fluctuating behaviour of
staff members on company success, culture and team spirit. Motivational theories are used by an
enterprise in order to motivate employees towards organizational goals is also outlining in this
project. At last, methods of handling team as well as difference between effective and ineffective
group are further explained in this assignment.
PART A
P1 Influence of organization culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour
An association is a place where various members are coming closer to each other for
attaining desired goals and targets in a defined time frame. Volkswagen is a multinational
company which engages in facilitating sports cars for satisfying the needs or demands of rich
people. In fact, selected firm was expanded across international boundaries in order to gain
competitive advantage. It is not easy to run a large business entity because culture of a company
fluctuates, creation of various political situations as well as changing in employees authority.
Managers are trying to make plans or schemes for maintaining the positive environment at
workplace by removing various conflicting situations. As a result, attainment of set targets get
achieved in a desired time frame by fulfilling the needs of customers. Culture is all about norms,
policies, beliefs, set of rules and regulations designed by higher authority of an enterprise for
assisting subordinates towards their assigned job role.
Coming on politics, its about management procedure or occurrence of hidden problems
as well as conflicting circumstances between staff members. Basically, large companies are
going through various major procedures and policies due to which various kinds of politics are
framed in an organization. As a result it may hamper the environment of whole association as
well as employees get affected by it either in positive way or negative. Volkswagen is focussing
on varioius appropriate strategies to make healthy environment at workplace by taking corrective
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initiatives. Thus, politics is something gossips, changing in company culture, terms, strategies
and so on. It means all these elements are falls under this category.
On the other hand power is a term which denotes the authority that is granted to any
person or individual of an organization in order to control certain department (Ashkanasy and
Humphrey, 2011). Volkswagen is a very large or successful enterprise by having its outlets in
several nations in order to gain maximum benefits. Thus, in order to handle various branches
company is appointing several talented supervisors and transfer authority to them for handling
specific area. This process is known as a power or rights which is granted by high authority of an
organization to some other person. Their main objective is to assign some special job to someone
through power transferral.
Therefore, it has been analysed that power, culture and politics have a greater impact on a
company performance as well as affects the behaviour of group members. Proper description on
these effects are explained as further:-
Influence of culture:- Employees are surrounded with various types of members which
are belong from distinct number of backgrounds. It means working of different people are very
much difficult due to changes in several factors. Culture plays a very crucial role in Volkswagen
group because it directly affects the surrounding of a office as well as somehow hamper the
performance. Managers needs to maintain peaceful environment of an association by removing
probabilities of disputes between members performing at workplace. Along with this culture of
an enterprise is all about set of policies followed by staff members while working. Thus, specific
culture of a company are described as follows:- Power:- It is essential at workplace to offer authority to deserving members in order to
manage in certain surrounding. Basically, it helps in assisting needy people towards
corrective path. Role:- According to this element, role of culture helps in making effective judgement by
considering relevant facts or figures. With the help of this managers can easily
understand the best appropriate role for particular individual by judging them on the
basis of their performing job.
 Task:- As per organization culture mangers understand the way of assigning task to
particular staff members.
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Main objective of an organization culture is to resolve several organizational issues or
barriers which affects the success. Association culture alludes to that major and convictions
which are contributes among organization supervisor and representatives of an endeavour. This
will help in controlling and overseeing business tasks and exchanges in better way. The way of
life of firm is completely created by those individuals who are at present works there and in
proper way (Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa, 2011). Volkswagen is going to indicates culture at
workplace, labourer welfare, happiness, clothing code, client dealing with and so forth.
In fact, it is determined that there are different type of person who are originated from
various areas and they have a few societies and conventions with the goal that it is obligation of
an organization is to kept up and makes quiet condition for the general population. There are a
few highlights which help in maintaining culture inside an association and after took after these
then they effortlessly examine the execution and conduct of an individual and gathering
individuals. They receive most recent strategies and advancements for expanding development
and achievement and the firm will permitted to utilize awesome assets which must be kept up by
organization supervisor.
Hence, it is identified that culture, politics and power is affecting entire team, individuals
and overall associations because decisions changes as per company beliefs. Additionally, assist
company towards corrective path by providing best strategies or directions with the help of
distinct facts or figures (Bolino and et. al., 2013).
M1 Critically analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on individual and team
It has been analysed that all these factors are have a major impact on individual and team
because every member are surrounded with organizational policies and plans. Along with this
assigned within few kind of job and task in order to attain set objectives and goals. Hence,
culture, politics and power is influencing members in various manner. The power and legislative
issues are specifically influence the human conduct in the association and utilize all capacities
and exercises which help with accomplishing wanted objectives and destinations in appropriate
way. There are different kinds of methodologies which has been embraced by firm is to
expanding gainfulness and profitability in viable way.
D1 Critical determine the relationship between culture, politics and power
Culture, politics and power are interrelated with each other because employees are
affecting with various types of elements such as; organizational policies, background of distinct
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staff as well as authority which is assigned by higher level to various managers. In fact, every
decision are fully affected by these elements as it aids in attaining set targets in a desired time
period.
TASK 2
P2 Theories of motivation and motivational techniques
Volkswagen is a leading organization whose main objective is to serve clients with
marvellous sports cars and various unique vehicles with advanced features. In fact, company is
having a their branches at several international marketplace and seek attention of millions clients
with their suitable plans and strategy. It means, large group of employees are engaged with
Volkswagen group in order to run a business entity in a smooth manner. Therefore, managers or
higher authority of an enterprise is focussing on implementing several programmes or sessions
for employees motivation. Encouragement to staff members is indispensable to promote
retention process which is beneficial for company in various manner. For example; if a single
person is continuing certain business for longer period of time then it is advantageous for
organization as well as that member also like safeguard the searching time period, cost hence
forth. Thus, number of policies are introduced by talented and experience theorist which is used
by managers to motivate their staff members towards occupational and personal objectives
(Carpenter Berry, and Houston, 2014). Among large number few selected approaches of
motivation are discussed as follows in detail way:-
Maslow Hierarchy theory:- Abraham Maslow who is a psychology professor coined one
of the most effective approach that is hierarchy needs in around 1943 in his paper “a theory of
motivation”. Basically, he is continuous trying to analyse the need of individuals by observing
each or every aspect related with a person as well as understanding the human curiosity.
According to this theory it states that an individual get motivated by thoroughgoing various
phases of growth. It means, as per his viewpoint, employees can easily get encouraged towards
their organizational goals, objectives and targets due to increment in their specific needs. Thus,
several hierarchical acquirement of human beings are described as follows by which they get
encouraged towards particular goals:- Physiological needs:- Initial step is that managers needs to highlight physical
requirements of human beings for their survival because if a person get failed in
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accomplishing their first need then their body can't able to function properly. It has been
identified that physiological needs are seen as most indispensable factor which must be
met for further actions (Choi, 2011). In fact, without fulfilling a person can't able to
follow up their certain requisites. Therefore, some of the needs which falls under this are;
air (breathing), water, sleep, clothing and shelter. Safety needs:- After fulfilment of person physiological its time to focus on employees
security which is also necessary to live in a proper manner by reducing chances of losses.
If there is absence of physical safety due to natural disaster, economic fluctuations, lack
of work opportunities is resulted in a post trauma stress disorder as well as staff members
might faced stressful environment. Personal security, financial, health, protection from
illness or accidents are falls under this category. Social belonging:- Volkswagen is well established company by having maximum outlets
across the borders. Thus they are having large group of employees which are connecting
with each other while accomplishing their business role. It means, it is indispensable to
create friendly relations with staff members for making a interpersonal connection. In
fact social dealings are useful for a person to reduce their stress level in order to get
motivated towards their personal and professional objectives. Thus, it affects the ability
of a person in various manner. Esteem:- Status, image and respect from others is major concept for survival at
workplace because employees are never sacrificing with their ego. In fact, few members
are working to create their self goodwill or independent image at societal place (Colquitt
and et. al., 2011).
 Self-actualization:- Realization of person full potential it means at this level an
individual entire desire is get fulfilled by accomplishing all the above.
Hence, above factors shows that in order to fulfils previous explained needs an individual
or employees of an organization can easily get encourage towards their set targets and standards.
Alderfer's ERG theory:- This approach is proposed by Clayton Alderfer which is trying
to further developed Maslow hierarchy frameworks by classifying it into ERG theory (existence,
relatedness and growth). First terms shows that it is essential to offer basic material to employees
while working which includes ; physiological and safety needs for a person. Secondly,
relatedness is concerned with certain desires of individual for creating a interpersonal
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connections with other members. At last, Alderfer isolated development needs and includes
personal enhancement of a person which is last need of a Maslow hierarchy approach.
 growth requirement (improvement of competency and recognition of potentiality)
 relatedness necessity (adequate dealings with else)
 existence needs (physical well-being)
Apart from these two, there are numerous of motivational frameworks are used by Volkswagen
to encourage staff members are written below:-
 Hertzberg two factor theory Expectancy approach (Vroom)
Vroom expectancy theory:-
Expectancy theory states that behaviour of an individual is determined through motivation of
selection of a particular behaviour over others. This process focuses on the psychological aspects
and process which are encountered by a person while making choices. This theory have been
provided by the Victor H. Vroom and stated that motivation plays an influential role when it
comes to selection of the alternatives by an individual. The company have been relying on this
theory as motivation have been driving force for the employee performance in an organisation.
The factor which determines performance are skills, knowledge and abilities which are helpful to
them in attaining their goals. The major beliefs of this theory are as follows: Valence: Valence are referred to the emotional orientations which can be held
responsible for the outcomes by an employee. The intensity of desires of intrinsic and
extrinsic factors can be determined through undertaking valence. It is very crucial for
management to focus on this aspects so that value can be availed out of an employee. Expectancy: it is considered to be a belief that efforts of the employee will result in the
better outcomes for the organisation. This factor takes into account self confidence and
goal of a person which will help in determination of the performance based outcome. It is
responsibility of management to provide employees with suitable resources and training
so that need and expectation of employees are fulfilled.
 Instrumentality: it is essential to evaluate perception of employees towards the
organisation so that it could be identified whether their desires and expectation are being
fulfilled. The management should make sure that their expectation are being fulfilled so
that they perform better.
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All the above theories are playing a major role in encouraging employees towards their
assigned job role in effective manner by considering necessary terms and conditions. Basically,
various factors are identified which act as a motivational tool for entire staff as well as customers
also. For example; Maslow hierarchy theory is a most useful factor which helps an individual in
identifying their current or future needs in order to encourage them to achieve it in a defined time
period. Along with this, main objective of this approach is to make realise the person about their
day to day requirement by showing actual situations and need of each or every aspects.
Apart from this, some other methods which are identified through an organization for
encouraging their employees towards set objectives or goals. For example; offering best facilities
to their staff members in order to enhance their overall personality by taking correct measures.
Some of the major advantages which is provided by company to their employees are discussed as
follows:-
 Fringe benefits:- As per this component company is also engaging in offering medical
facilities to their staff members, home loans, subsidiaries and all other advantages of life
in order to attract them towards company. As per the viewpoint of Gerhart and
Milkovich 1992 it is identified that benefits are also linked with seniority basis and so
on.
 Training :- Need to conduct awareness and enhancement programmes for staff members
so that their knowledge and development get improved.
M2 Influence of organization on behaviour of others through effective application of
motivational theories
It means by using idea from this theory managers can easily attract employees to stay at
one organization for longer duration. Along with this motivate them to get dedicated towards
certain job role. Instead of acquiring thoughts from various approaches company can also use
some other techniques to encourage employees towards improvement (Demir, 2011).
TASK 3
P3 Effective team and ineffective team
Team is known as a cluster of multiple members by having similar objectives as well as
cooperate with each other for gaining maximum benefits. Volkswagen is a large group by having
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number of small teams located in a various outlets which is not easy to manage properly due to
fluctuation in micro and macro factors. Few major approaches are expressed as follows:-
Tuckman theory:- Bruce Wayne Tuckman was coined group dynamics approach which
is known as a “Tuckman stages of group development” in around 1938 for understanding the
technique of handling a large or small group in an effective manner. However, in almost 1977
this theorist added fifth stage which is named as a adjourning. As per Tuckman development
approach it is identified that four phases are designed for team enhancement such as; forming ,
storming, norming and performing (and adjourning added in almost 1977). Basically, this
theorist is also known for his research as he was served as a professor of educational psychology
at “the Ohio state university”. Hence, phases of team development was proposed by Bruce
Tuckman in approximately 1965 as all these stages are indispensable for success or enhancement
of specific group as well as supports in growing it (Fisher and To, 2012). Moreover, number of
benefits are identified by using these stages of enhancement. Forming:- Initially, team members needs to learn more about opportunities and
challenges which is faced by them while performing their job role. In fact, group people
are quietly independent but in this stage its time to frame an effective team by assisting
them towards corrective path. It means, its time for orientation process in which
members are coming closer with each other for interacting and making relations with
other colleagues. Storming:- In the second stage of team growth, now members are focussing in gaining
trust of their teammates. Along with this, job role are assigning to various group
members which resulted in creation of conflicting situations at workplace. At this phase
members are contacting with each other for in order to learn more about working styles
of different people. Therefore, storming is a situation where group people are acting in a
positive manner as well as create a polite atmosphere at workplace as well as feeling
very exciting, positiveness and motivated. Norming:- Its time for arguments between team members due to clashes in their
thoughts towards single subject. Sometime cooperation also emerges in this phase only
and this situation occurs when team member is fully aware about the competition level
and sharing a similar goal. People are started tolerating inappropriate behaviour, whims
and fancies of other people belonging from same unit (French and Holden, 2012).
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 Performing:- Its time to take actions and need to perform assigned job role in effective
manner for attaining a similar set of goals or objectives. In this phase, members are ready
to compete and learn how to handle complicated situations by taking immediate
decisions by considering necessary facts or figures. Supervisors are also involving in this
stage for making corrective decisions.
Hence, above stages are followed by company to create an outstanding team by
considering each or every aspect of making successful team. But if all these process are not
followed then there is a chance of creating ineffective group at workplace. As a result it may
hamper the goodwill of an association as well as chances of reducing organizational profit
(Griffin and Moorhead, 2011). Basically, steps of above theories are followed by effective team
because their main objective is to minimize the problems identified in a team. On contrary to this
ineffective team will not follow previous explained approach as they are not aware about the
technique of running a group.
Beside this it has been analysed that effective and ineffective team have a major
difference from each other that is discussed as follows:-
Effective team Ineffective
Members of effective or successful groups are
following an appropriate policies and strategies
for reducing the possibilities of mistakes or
losses.
They are not following suitable strategy which
create problem for team members while
managing their business activities
Minimum conflicts . High range of disputes.
Proper structure for running a group. Improper management.
M3 Team and group development theories
According to given case study it has been analysed that five to six members are involving
in forming a specific team for attaining a certain set of goals or targets by satisfying needs of
clients. Basically, company needs to adopt certain theories for creating an outstanding team to
improve the condition of an enterprise.
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D2 Evaluate relevance of team development theories
Number of frameworks are identified which helps an effective team to accomplish their
assigned job in a defined time period. For example; Tuckman and Belbin theory and so on.
Additionally, Belbin is also a successful leader who is engaging in framing different types of
tools to create an appropriate team members
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of OB within organization
For the fruitful association, it must be required to comprehend about the conduct that
aides in getting learning in regards to specific societies, qualities, standards and numerous more
about the organization. Here are some fundamental components, for example, Honesty: Managers of Volkswagen is conferred with the uprightness since they
concentrate on making great market picture among contenders (Lazaroiu, 2015). Regard: They additionally centre around giving regards to individuals who are working
inside an association as they trusts that representatives merit regards so treat them
decently and sincerely. Duties: They likewise think about this for making better positive condition via minding
workers and clients.
 Spearheading: this is another manner by which organization is made and running it. This
is useful that give interests to wining and making splendid future in a viable way.
Path goal theory :- According to this hypothesis an association is endeavouring to build
the resolve of whole staff individuals by actualizing different consolation sessions and occasions.
Be that as it may, this logic was proposed by Robert House in almost 1971 and additionally
changed in just about 1996 keeping in mind the end goal to support representatives towards their
own and word related destinations. Mostly it depends on a Vroom's model 1964 that is hope
structure in which a man will act particularly depend on the desire. According to the overview
report at first this approach was proposed by Martin Evans in almost 1970 and after that altered
by House. Essentially, principle goal of this approach is to dissect the idea of existing workers
with a specific end goal to allocate work part according to their practices so they can achieve
their set focuses in a characterized time allotment (Kinicki and Kreitner, 2012).
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Contingency theory: This hypothesis portrays that there is no some other alternative for
driving an association and in addition settling on choices in a viable way. It permits to pick the
best initiative styles which they need to apply in regard to the circumstances by the workers. In
this, it is characterized that there are quantities of standards which are more powerful in the
association. It order in different pioneer's circumstances, for example,
 Position energy of pioneers.
Decision making theory:- This approach is utilized by organization and leaders to
determine that their decision is appropriate or not by considering necessary facts or figures.
Apart from this, helps in showing that involvement of group member is necessary or not.
Basically, few association re making decision without taking help or consent from their
employees but some of them are consulting with their staff members for final approval.
However, this process consist of five major decisional process such as; Autocratic (A1),
Autocratic (A2)
Organization behaviour is all about understanding the culture of an enterprise in order to
make necessary changes as per consumer needs or demands. Thus, number of approaches are
used for creating positive relations with clients in order to gain maximum benefits by satisfying
the needs of customers.
M4 Concepts and philosophies in how it influence behaviour in both positive and negative ways
The way of life of each corporate and its esteems give legitimate rules to representatives
so they can accomplish objectives or goals in a suitable way. Volkswagen is a firm dependably
support to their workers and give opportunities to get involved in a making final judgement of an
association.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it has been summarized that study of organization behaviour is
indispensable for company success and development because it helps in assisting employees
towards corrective path. Volkswagen is a famous enterprise by having its branches across
international boundaries which needs an appropriate culture, power and stable environment at
workplace. Main objective of this assignment is to show impact of fluctuating factors on
company performance and decisional process of managers. Moreover, assignment was showing
the method of formulating effective team by using suitable theories such as path goal framework
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and Tuckman. Hence, assignment is all about showing impact of motivational theories on
company performance as well as success of team members.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Andersson, L., Jackson, S. E. and Russell, S. V., 2013. Greening organizational behavior: An
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Ashkanasy, N. M. and Humphrey, R. H., 2011. Current emotion research in organizational
behavior. Emotion Review. 3(2). pp.214-224.
Avey, J. B., Palanski, M. E. and Walumbwa, F. O., 2011. When leadership goes unnoticed: The
moderating role of follower self-esteem on the relationship between ethical leadership
and follower behavior. Journal of Business Ethics. 98(4). pp.573-582.
Bolino, M. C. and et. al., 2013. Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior.
Journal of Organizational Behavior. 34(4). pp.542-559.
Carpenter, N. C., Berry, C. M. and Houston, L., 2014. A meta‐analytic comparison of self‐
reported and other‐reported organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of
Organizational Behavior. 35(4). pp.547-574.
Choi, M., 2011. Employees' attitudes toward organizational change: A literature review. Human
Resource Management. 50(4). pp.479-500.
Colquitt, J. and et. al., 2011. Organizational behavior: Improving performance and commitment
in the workplace. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Demir, M., 2011. Effects of organizational justice, trust and commitment on employees' deviant
behavior. Anatolia. 22(2). pp.204-221.
Fisher, C. D. and To, M. L., 2012. Using experience sampling methodology in organizational
behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 33(7). pp.865-877.
French, S. L. and Holden, T. Q., 2012. Positive organizational behavior: A buffer for bad news.
Business Communication Quarterly. 75(2). pp.208-220.
Griffin, R. W. and Moorhead, G., 2011. Organizational behavior. Cengage Learning.
Kinicki, A. and Kreitner, R., 2012. Organizational behavior: Key concepts, skills & best
practices. McGraw-Hill Irwin.
Lazaroiu, G., 2015. Work Motivation and Organizational Behavior. Contemporary Readings in
Law and Social Justice. 7(2). p.66.
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