Business Structures, Functions, and PESTEL/SWOT Analysis Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of different organizational structures, including public, private, and voluntary sectors, with a focus on Ford and Cancer Research UK. It explores the interrelationship of organizational functions such as accounting and finance, production, sales, marketing, human resources, and administrative functions, and how they contribute to achieving business objectives. The report includes comparisons between Ford and Cancer Research, examining their objectives, nature, funding, and operations. It also delves into PESTEL and SWOT analyses of Ford, evaluating the impact of macro and micro factors on business operations, decision-making, and strategic planning. The report concludes by examining the interrelation of Ford's strengths and weaknesses with external macro factors, providing a holistic view of business and business management principles.

Mohammed Asher
Miah
S0285218
Unit 1: Business and
Business
Management
[4796]

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY.......................................................................................................................................3
P1 Different types of organisation; Public, Private and Voluntary sector..................................3
P2 Comparison between Fort (Private organisation) and Career research (non profit
organisation)...............................................................................................................................4
P3 Explanation about the relationship between the different organisational functions and their
link with organisational objectives and structure.......................................................................5
P4 PESTEL analysis of the Ford organisation and the positive and negative impacts of macro
environment factors on the business operations and business objectives..................................6
P5 SWOT analysis of Ford organisation and Cencer Research organisation organisation and
impact of macro and micro factors on the business objectives and decision making................7
SWOT analysis of Cancer Research organisation......................................................................8
P6 The interrelation of the strength and weaknesses of the Ford organisation with its external
macro factors..............................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Department of work and pensions is a employee welfare department. It is a British
government department that develops a pension and welfare policy. Department of work
and pension is a big government department on the basis of its budget and employees. It
has a 4 operational organisations such as Job centre Plus, Employment and support
allowance, Disability and career service and Child maintenance group. The organisation
formed in 8 June 2001. it is also knows as Department of social security and Department
for employment and education. This report will include the different types of business
structures and the interrelationship of the various organisational functions and analysis of
the organisation's structure, size and scope connected to the business objectives,
organisation's products and services. This report will also highlight the different types of
organisation, their size and scope such as public, private, voluntary sectors and the
analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the interrelationships between the
organisational functions and its huge impact on the organisation structure. This report will
also state about the PESTEL model to analysis of macro environment of the Department
of work and pension organisation and their positive and negative impacts on the business
operations. This report will also include the evaluation of the impacts of macro and micro
factors on the business objectives and decision making and also includes the SWOT
analysis for Department of work and pension organisation.
MAIN BODY
Different types of organisation; Public, Private and Voluntary sector
Public organisation- Public sector includes the organisation the are operated and owned
by the government. The public organisation has major aim to offer services to the citizens
and general public. The public organisation do not focus about to generate profit. Crown
Prosecution Service is a public organisation (Vining and Weimer., 2016). It is a principal
public agency. It main objective to control criminal prosecutions in Wales and England.
The Crown prosecution service to offer legal advice to the investigate agencies and police
during the investigations. The public organisation generate funding from several methods
such as taxes, financial support from government and fees. The examples of public sector
induces emergency services, education, healthcare, law enforcement, social services,
postal service, waste management etc.
Private organisation- Ford is a privately owned organisation. The private organisation
means the organisation which are not public. It includes various business that are
operated for the profit and the private organisation are not operated and owned by
government (Argenti., 2018). It includes partnership, association, corporation, agency or
person which is not public organisation. It can be a non federal body and that is
established by people on federal property. Private sector business includes trade unions,
small and medium business, multinational and large corporations, trade associations and
professional, sole proprietorships etc.
Non profit organisation- Cancer research institute is a non profit organisation. It has
major goal to provide advance services, treatment, cure and control all cancer patients.
The organisation is funded by charitable foundations, biotechnology and pharmaceutical
companies and government grands (Quelin, Kivleniece and Lazzarini., 2017). The
organisation's most of the funding generated by charities and taxpayers. It includes
specific types of organisation such as non profit organisation, civil society organisation
and third sector organisation. This types of organisations are charitable and tax exempted,
they do not pay taxes. Non profit organisation operate in research, educational, religious

or scientific. They do not work for profit, even they are fully focused towards the serving
country's people and their welfare. The main of this organisation are trustworthiness,
accountability, openness and honesty towards the every person who needs their
assistance.
Comparison between Fort (Private organisation) and Career research (non profit
organisation)
Basis Ford
(Private organisation)
Crown Prosecution
Service
(Public organisation)
Meaning Ford organisation is a non
government or private
organisation and they are
not operated by any
government body (Bromley
and Meyer., 2015).
Crown Prosecution Service
is a public organisation and
operated to provides
services to citizens and
general people.
Profit The Ford (private
organisation) has major
objective to generate profit
and distributed amongst the
particular partners, members
or employees.
The Crown Prosecution
Service do not seek profit
generate and they only work
for the welfare of society.
Objective The Ford has main objective
to maximize their profitability
and their market share.
It main objective is to
develop society culture and
their development.
Nature and operations area The Ford organisation is
Limited in nature.
The Crown Prosecution
Service is large in nature.
Funding The Ford can generate their
funding only from private
sources such as relatives,
banks, family members, loan
etc.
Crown Prosecution Service
generated their funding from
the government entities,
taxes and fees (Bagheri.,
2016).
According to the analysis, the Ford is a private limited company and it has a high
company goals objective to promote their business in a next level. They operated their
business to generate profit and wants to expand their business globally. But the Crown
Prosecution Service is a public organisation and do not take their full concern on
generating profit. Their major objective is to promote society welfare and development.
The public organisations are trustable and accountable organisation. The ford organisation
operated by the individual business owners but the Crown Prosecution Service
organisation is properly operated by the government body or entity (Ocasio and
Radoynovska., 2016). The Ford includes various jobs such as manufacturing,
professional services, selling, producing etc. but the Crown Prosecution Service includes
the services like healthcare services, emergency services, welfare activities etc. the Ford's
workers wants to increase more pay, promotions opportunities, benefits plan. They have
less job security than the public sector workers.
The legal structure of a public sector includes the organisation and businesses
which are accountable to local or central government. These type of organisations are

funded by the government body and their major focus is to offer public services rather than
generating profit for themselves. In the public sector, they provides various types of goods
or services such as public good, merit good, essential services. Public good is not offered
by private sector organisation like armed services and emergency services etc. According
to the government, merit good is necessarily available with everyone, the merit good such
as healthcare, education etc. Essential services includes libraries, street cleaning, street
lighting, parks, swimming pools, refuse collection etc. The legal structure of the private
organisation includes they have separate legal identity and owned by their shareholders.
Shareholders are the integral part of private organisation. They have limited liability for the
debts and loans of the company.
Explanation about the size, scope of organisations
The Crown prosecution service has approximately 6000 public agency for operating
criminal prosecutions in Wales and England. They serves their services by providing legal
adsvice to the investigative agencies and police during the criminal investigation.
Ford is the 22th largest company in the world as per their revenue. The ford
employed approximately 213000 employees at their 90 plants. They serve their services
worldwide. The ford has huge opportunity to grow worldwide and injcrease its market
share.
The cancer research institute in the UK has about 3964 employees and 40000
volunteers, they organize cancer research campaign in UK. Its provides a forum for health
care practitioners, health policy makers and cancer researcher.
Explanation about the relationship between the different organisational functions and their
link with organisational objectives and structure
In the Ford organisation, there are several types of organisational functions are
conducted and they all are depending on each other (Bustinza, Vendrell-Herrero and
Baines., 2017). The operation of one organisational function are connected with other
organisational function.
Accounting and finance
The accounting activities of the organisation are directly or indirectly linked with
financing activities. The financing activity of the organisation includes keeping electronic or
manual records about the money paid out and money received by the business.
Accounting activities in the ford organisation includes the effective calculation regarding
the amount. Accounts section in the organisation will take necessary actions to adopt
effective accounting system. They focused on managing data or information of error-less
accounting. The financing activities is totally depend upon the accounting operation's. The
accounting information will used to maintain financial statement of the company and it also
assist in complying legal requirements and for the purpose of tax calculation. The financial
records used by the business to generate management accounts which can help the
senior managers to review and plan the business strategy (Jacinto., 2016). The finance
and accounts department of the ford organisation are responsible for the effective
administration of organisation's employees and their salaries or expenses. They helps the
organisation to achieving organisational objectives in a very manageable way. The
accounts and finance department conducted many activities such as wages payment, loan
repayments, pension, tax deduction etc.

Production and sales and marketing
Effective Production plays a vital role in the organisation and it will directly impact
on the growth of sales and marketing functions of business. For the production, ford
organisation needs to combine several factors such as energy, capital, labour, information,
material etc. the development of sales and marketing functions of the business are fully
dependent on the efficiency of productions. The marketing department of the organisation
will research about the customers desires or requirements to develop products or services
accordingly. They take essential actions to satisfy the customers by providing them their
desirable products. The marketing and sales department in the Ford organisation provide
a effective plan for production activities after investigate whole market, types of customers
according to their background, sex, age etc., they will identifying the customer's
preferences according to their trends or choices (Haga and Ravn., 2019). The department
will take effective action to meet the customer preferences by producing a favourable
product for them. The production and sales and marketing functions of the organisation
assist the business to enhance their productivity and performance sin the whole market. It
will also improve the organisational structure in a very good manner.
Human resources and administrative functions
The human resource section in the organisation are responsible for many activities
such as recruitment, selection, development and training of staff and administrative
department will responsible for managing all the activities related to staff management,
maintenance of organisation's equipment and premises. Administrative department will
responsible for facilities management in the organisation. In the Ford organisation, human
resource department will take effective actions to developing organisation's employees to
improve their potential to gain business objectives with great way. Both the department of
the organisation, will conducted their functions on the basis of each other. Human
resource of the organisation develop a employee welfare system with the assistance of
administrative team of the organisation. They maintain true records of the employees
according to the UK Data protection act, 1984. The human resource and administrative
section of the organisation will create best policies for manage employees or staffs of the
business (Parray and Bhat., 2018). They develop employee welfare legislation to develop
a business environment according to the employees suitability. It assists in creating
organisation's strong structure. They also help in gain the organisational objectives with
the great efforts and activities.
Types of business structure

the organisational structure of the Ford is vertical as per the top 3 offices such as
chairman, President, Executive vice president. The main control are delivered by the main
authority. Functional head of the company has equal right as the authority.
The business structure of the Crown prosecution service is independent in nature. They
take their decisions about the investigation activities independently.
cancer research institute has a flat business structure means that in the organisation has
small number of layer and its operations influenced by the government activities.
PESTEL analysis of the Ford organisation and the positive and negative impacts of macro
environment factors on the business operations and business objectives
Ford is one of the best motor company in the automotive sector. It is a recognized
brand globally or internationally. The Ford motor company has its various operations that
spread across the world. Because of the huge operations, the macro environment factors
deeply impact on their business operations and performances. The Ford organisation in
the automotive industry is affected by macro environment factors, it includes political
factors, economic factors, social factors, technological factors, environmental factors and
legal factors. On these factors, organisation has no control. PESTEL analysis helps to
identifying the various operating challenges of the Ford company that will generated from
the macro environment factors. PESTEL analysis identifies the major threats and
opportunities of the external factors of the company.
Political factors
Political factors are the major influencing aspects of Ford company. The various
political factors mainly affects the Ford organisation such as: Government encouragement
regarding the technological innovation create a great opportunity for automotive industry in
the UK (Arroyo., 2019). The global political scenario generates opportunities as well as
treats for Ford organisation. Government incentives and free trade agreements positively
impact on the company's development in the global market. Political system risks also
influence the business activities. The political instability in the United Kingdom will create
their negative impact on the organisation's performances and operations. For example, if
the company situated in the unstable political environment than its growth is impossible.
Tariffs and trade regulations related to goods or services, wage legislation, intellectual
property protection, safety regulations of industries, these can affect the automotive
industry.
Economic factors
Industry growth, inflation rate, interest rate, exchange rate, purchasing power of
buyers, growth rate, availability of credit, seasonal factor, labour cost etc. are economic
factors that will create their positive and negative impacts on the organisation's business.
The Ford organisation are selling their products in all over the world. The growth of the UK
economy develops various opportunities for the automotive company. The developing
market's high growth rate also improve the business operations in a very effective way.
Due to the high borrowing cost in the United Kingdom, Ford company faces many
negative impacts on their business (Phillips and Moutinho., 2018). The economic system
in UK provides several options to the automotive industry for expanding their business.
The positive intervention of the UK government also enhance the motivation power of
organisation. Stability and exchange rate is a major plus point for UK businesses.
Social factors
In the auto-mobile sector, customers are confused about their choices because of
huge auto-mobile products and motors. Because of this, Ford will facing various issues to

attract buyers. In the current market, The demand of hybrid car are increasing day by day
and Ford company has already taken effective steps to establish various variants in the
hybrid and electric vehicle category. The culture and education level in the country also
affect the business' operations and production activities. The continuous changing
customers trends creates a negative impact on the business performance.
Technological factors
Technology plays an effective role in motor company. The attractive modern
technological devices of the Ford company create a huge market for them. The increasing
uses of mobile computing creates big opportunities for the Ford organisation. The
continuous changes in the technologies creates negative impacts on the business and
enhance their technology costs (Sobhanifard and Vaeysi., 2019).
Environmental factors
The customers are attractive towards the environmental friendly cars which
includes hybrid and electric vehicles. The Ford also focus on these vehicles, which creates
positive results for the company. The support for renewable energy, waste management
activities etc. affects the organisation's business. The organisation's attitude towards the
protection of environment pollution improve the customers satisfaction regarding the
business products.
Legal factors
Environmental and safety regulations, intellectual property rights and labour laws
are the legal factors that influences the organisation's growth and development. It will
directly impact on the Ford's performances in the automotive industry. For the better and
effective product design, Ford can adopt these regulations. The limitation law regarding
the exporting products will create negative impact on the profitability of organisation
(Ahmad and et. al., 2017).
SWOT analysis of Ford organisation and Cencer Research organisation organisation and
impact of macro and micro factors on the business objectives and decision making
SWOT analysis of Ford motor company
SWOT analysis assist the organisation to find out the business's strength,
weaknesses, opportunities and threats.
Strengths
Ford has a effective brand appearance. Ford is very popular brand in the auto-
mobile industry. The brand of Ford is famous worldwide because of the attractive
promoting and marketing activities. The Ford motor company has great efficiency of online
marketing. It is a popular transport organisation that assist their customers by providing
online conformation of vehicles. Ford's customers receives various services from the
website of company. Through the online facilities, customer can modify the colour,
exteriors, engine and interiors. Ford is able to provide many category of commercial
transport and vehicles (Liu., 2019). They have a talented workers and engineers to
develop several types of transport such as cars, heavy vehicles, commercial vehicles like
vans, trucks, jeeps etc. Ford will give their full efforts to promote their relationship with
organisation's workers or employees. They focus on developing safe and attractive
atmosphere at workplace. The Ford organisation has allocation and actions ability
because it operating its business in across 30 countries and take necessary actions for
increasing its composing method in approximately 90 plants. The Ford has great
connections and links with leading organisations such as Isuzu motors and Suzuki
company. It helps the company to establish its exceptional auto-mobiles.

Weaknesses
The sales of the Ford organisation was decreased from the 2008 to 2009, it
reduced the company's market share and reputation. Crisis was the major reason for the
sales deterioration. In that time, the Ford's vehicles are not able to give high competition to
the other vehicle industry. The Ford has huge unfunded allowances about the health and
safety. They spend more amount on creating a healthy and safety atmosphere for
organisation's workers or employees. Also, Ford spend more time to develop better
atmosphere at workplace. Ford major focus on the trade actions so they loose their focus
from productivity and objectives of the company. The Ford actions has been cancelled due
to high antagonists like Toyota, GM etc. which reduced its income by 2.4%.
Opportunities
In the auto-mobile industry, various opportunities are developing day by day. Ford
are very focused towards the creating cars with low grasp and mileage. Ford has high
power and efficiency to create a fuel efficient commercial vehicles and cars. Today, the
people are more attractive towards the hybrid cars, so it create a major opportunities for
the company to develop these product for increasing their market image ( Hoang, Hoshino
and Hashimoto., 2015). The Ford has one more opportunity to create a vehicle that can
operate on bio fuels and solar energy. The organisation has choice to develop hybrid
vehicles because if the vehicles are created based on electricity engine, it will encourage
the customers to buy the vehicles. Ford operates its business in India ans also in china,
which will create more opportunities for the organisation because in China country most of
the people are more attracted to buy four wheeler.
Threats
The competitors in the auto-mobile industry are very huge because its very very for
the business person to get entry in auto-mobile industry market. The Ford advancement
may influence by the fast growth in the competitors in market. In the transport
organisations, Fords main competitors are Toyota, BMW, HONDA etc. The increasing
amount of Raw material such as rolling steel, hard steel will enhance the expenses and
costs of company's vehicles and Ford will also have to spend more amount on this.
SWOT analysis of Cancer Research organisation
Strengths
The cancer research organisation has various opportunities to offer services to the
community. They have great natural resources and equipments which are provided by
government body (Kumar., 2016). The Cancer research organisation has enough money
to make clinical research and provide social services. They have a effective healthcare
system that assist the patients in a very great way.
Weaknesses
To fulfil the patient's unreasonable expectations and physician excesses,
organisation have to spend more money. The cancer therapy costs are increasing in a
very unsustainable manner. The technological advancements also enhance the costs or
expenses for the organisation.
Opportunities
The several opportunities are developing for this institute. With the uses of effective
techniques, organisation can spread medical record across all platforms and systems
electronically. It provides a great opportunity to serve people in a better way and using
best treatment and technologies (McKeever., 2016). The Cancer research organisation

has also an opportunities to improve quality of care in radiation and surgical. It will also
develop a opportunity for the organisation to establish great collaboration with national
organisations.
Threats
The unreasonable expectations of the patients about the positive outcomes create
a high threat for Cancer research. The piece meal approach also create many
consequences and issues for patients.
The interrelation of the strength and weaknesses of the Ford organisation with its external
macro factors
The strength and weaknesses are directly or indirectly linked with the macro
environment factors of the Ford motor company. The strength and weakness of the Ford
organisation are connected with the business's external macro factors because in the
various cases company may be influenced by the outside factors. It may also enhance the
risks of external macro factors in the business (McKenzie., 2015). The PESTEL includes
political, economic, social, technological, environment and legal factors that influences
business activities and SWOT includes Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats
and it is a effective tool for situational analysis. PESTEL has largely correlated with the
opportunities and threat components of SWOT.
The political factors creates various opportunities for the Ford organisation.
According to the political factors, the support of the government regarding technological
innovation create a huge opportunities for the Ford organisation. By which company will
motivated towards the production of unique and innovative products and products
enhancements. In the UK, the rising global trade agreement also gives an immense
opportunity to the company. It inspire the company towards the expansion of their
business and promoting activities. In the developing country, the government also effort for
infrastructure and makes necessary efforts to develop auto-mobile business worldwide,
which will develop more opportunities for the Ford organisation (Wynne., 2016).
Economic factors also develops many opportunities and threats for the Ford motor
company. Ford has opportunity to grow their business in high developing country. The
strengthening US dollar create a threat for the Ford organisation because it decreases
profit margins and attractiveness of its products. The UK market has high growth rate,
which generate an immense opportunity for company to expand their whole business and
increase profitability. The growth and development of US economy also offers huge
opportunities to auto-mobile industry.
In the Social factors, enhancing wealth gap create an opportunity as well as threat
for the company. The people demand for electric and hybrid auto-mobile emerges a big
opportunity for company and it will also encourage the Ford organisation to satisfy their
customers by meeting their demand and generate large profit.
Increasing technological advancements develops a large opportunities for the
company to expand their business globally with the uses of effective technologies. In the
present scenario, people are very attractive towards the use of mobile computing and
Enhancing use of online services will create big opportunity for the Ford organisation to
increase their sales and marketing (Correll and et.al., 2016). The shortage of fuel stations
creates threat for company.
Ford's main focus on uses low carbon in the production of their products and Low
carbon trend in the country will generate a huge opportunity for the Fort to attract more
customers who prefer environmental friendly products or encourage low carbon uses.
Changes in climate and declining oil reserves also big opportunities for the Fort

organisation.
Various legal factors also create big opportunities for the company. It includes
enhancing safety regulations, rising intellectual property law and environmental protection
regulation, that will create more opportunities for the Fords to attract more customer by
showing their advantages and benefits.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that the business structures are different
according to different different business such as private organisation, public organisation
and non profit organisation. In the organisation, various functional activities are conducted
by specific team. The functions of the organisation includes human resources, finance,
accounting, administration, production, sales and marketing etc. All these functions are
linked with each other. The activities of one function are influenced by another
organisational function. The effectiveness of organisational functions will helps the
organisation to achieve business objectives and goals in a very effective manner.
Organisational functions assists the company to build their organisational structure
strongly. Fort is a great motor company and has effective market image in the automotive
industry. They takes various nactions to identify the impacts of internal and external
environment factors on their business performance and operations. The PESTEL analysis
of the Ford organisation assist the company to identify various external factors which can
influences the business's operations and performances positively or negatively. The
SWOT analysis also identifies the organisation's strength, weakness, opportunities and
treats and their impacts on the business of Ford organisation. It will assist the organisation
by offering major information and data regarding the company weakness and by which
company can take necessary actions to improve and eliminate their weakness and take
advantages of their opportunities.

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