Organisational Behavior and Leadership Styles: A Detailed Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behavior, focusing on factors influencing individual behavior in the workplace, the impact of organizational structure and culture, and the effectiveness of different leadership styles. It examines how leadership styles affect motivation, particularly during periods of change, and compares various motivational theories such as Maslow's hierarchy of needs, Herzberg's theory, and McClelland's achievement motivation theory. The report uses Rent-A-Car and City College as case studies, exploring how organizational theory underpins management practices and the application of different management approaches, including decision theory, systems approach, sociotechnical approach, and contingency approach. The document highlights the significance of employee behavior, cultural diversity, and the role of leaders in fostering a positive and productive work environment, with a focus on achieving organizational goals and building strong relationships between workers and management. The report also emphasizes the importance of adapting leadership styles to suit the organization's culture and the need for clear communication and employee involvement in decision-making processes.

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Organizational Behavior
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Organisational Behaviour
1.1 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work
In an organization, the tasks and jobs are gathered and separated and harmonized to the
employees. For this reasons, the organizational structure is needed because it describes the
process. Every organization have their own organizational structure. The structure depends upon
its objective abilities and its size. In the institution, there have different departments and for each
department there have individual team of workers. The workers look on their own department to
fulfill their objects. Along with this, in every department their have a team leader who maintain
the team properly and helps them to achieve their goal. In the institution, the author sometimes
change the cultural activities. Therefore, it is necessary for the employees of every departments
of City College to accept the activities. Otherwise, it will be difficult for them to give their best
performances. It also effects the institution’s overall work which creates an effect to achieve the
goals. In the institution, the employees are belong from different cultural background. Therefore,
it makes a competition between them. For this reason, it effects the institution to provide best
education to the students. It creates a dilemma between them employees. Therefore, to avoid this
situation they have to solve the cultural problems.
By the performance of the employees is important for the organization. It based on the values
and share perceptions. In the institution, there have different culture. As example, for the power
culture they are authorized few persons to take decisions. The employee’s decisions do not vary
in this culture. But for the other cultures, the employees take their own decisions and give effort
on it so that it will granted by the author of the institution.
1.2 Explain how the relationship between an organization’s structure and culture can
impact on the performance of a business
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In the City College, it has an organizational structure. According with this, the duty of the
employees are to understand the structure and work together. The relationship between the
organizational structure and the culture should be very fine because this relationship can make
the future of the institution. On the other side, at first the author of the organization have to set
up the work force of the employees who are from different racial and cultural background. In the
institution, if they wants to achieve their goals and build a strong position in the market then they
have to create a cultural diversity. Therefore the employees can work together in the institution
and also give their best performance. For this reason, students can get best education. Otherwise,
a competition will create between them and it effects the institutions as they cannot provide best
education to the students. According with this, the employees of City College loss their
effectiveness if the work structure is not connected with the culture of the institution. The City
College should undertake and understand the cultural activities of UK where they are working in.
in this way, they can manage cultural activities within the organization.
1.3 Discuss the factors which influence individual behavior at work
It is also important for the employees of the City College is to give a suitable behavior to their
students. Therefore, the students can share their educations problems with their teachers in the
institution. It also a good reason to build the image of City College in the market. Along with
this, the behavior also should be very polite between the employees in the institution. If they do
not behave properly then it makes a bad effect to the environment of City College. For this
matter, they cannot work properly which effects the profile of the institution. On the other side,
the employee’s personality is different. It varies to their character, skills and cultural background.
According to this things, the thinking quality of every persons in dissimilar. The employees of
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the City College thinks about a same matter with different objects. On the other side, in the
market the cultural background is noticeable.
On the other side, the head of the institution also should give them a polite behavior. According
with this, the leader of a particular team also have to encourage their team employees with his or
her good behavior. For this reason, the employees also can work well under their leader. The
behavior of the team leader depends on their power, skill level and statues. The national culture
or the geographical culture also an important reason of their behavior.
2.1 Compare the effectiveness of different leadership styles in different organizations
Rent-A-Car which is an organization, there have many departments and they choose different
employees for every department. The employees work as a team in their own department and
also they have a team leader. The leader is who guides, influence and give directions to their
team members so that they can fulfil their work and also reach their goals. The leadership needs
to make a better future by influenced the employees. Along with this, the team leader have to
gather some plans for a particular project from the employees. It is also important to appreciate
them for their thinking. Leaders recruits various types of employees in their organization. In an
organization there are different types of leaders by their characteristics. Some of them are make
plan for their projects and give order to the team members to follow that. The leader do not
discuss about the plan with the employees of the team. In this process, sometimes the followers
have to faces problems because they do not understand the plan clearly. For this reason, they do
not fulfil their work before the deadline. On the other side, there have another leadership which
name is democratic leadership. In this leadership, the leader makes plan for a particular project
and discus with their employees about it. He or she collect reviews from the team members and
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after that take the final decision. Therefore the followers can understand their work and also can
do it properly. It is easy for them to fulfill their work.
2.2 Explain how organizational theory underpins the practice of management
In every organization, they have to make their own design and structure. The organizational
theory is the correction which helps to studies about that. How to improve the effectiveness of
the organization is describes by the organizational theory and also give the suggestions of actual
structure of the Rent-A-car organization. The manager of the organization have to make new
plans or ideas to improve the work process of the organization and also use the motivational
theory to avoid conflict situations of the organization. According with this, if they want better
result of their work then they have to change their plans which they are included in their work
and also maintain the teamwork process.
The concerned approach make the difference between classical bureaucratic theories ( i.e. Weber
and Fayol) and scientific theory of Taylor. In this theory more fixed approach has been
considered. It has been recognized by TESCO that they need to implement more dynamitic
theory which should be applied through experiment, by the management of TESCO. This is the
best strong bond by to build good relation between workers and management to achieve the
concerned goal. It has been noticed by the Rent-A-Car, only this theory will be able to overcome
the complex environment within the organization.
2.3. Several approaches used by the different organization by the management
There are different management approaches. Decision theory approach is one of it. Its basically
focus on the person and process in regards to decision making. Decision making is basically used
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to signify the several activities within the organization so that managers can play their own roles
effectively and can improve their communication. Apart from that, there is another side which is
cons. This theory doesn’t cover all the aspects of management.
Another better approach for the management is system approach. Though this is not a better
approach for any organization, however it is necessary for critical situations. The systemic
approach reflects on the organization’s structure, the systematic employee management and on
the human resource management.
Sociotechnical approach signifies the technical system of an organization. It has a great influence
on social system and it improve and focus on the operational and production part of an
organization. The negative side is that it operates mainly on the lower level of an organization.
Contingency approach tries to mix all the above mentioned approaches. When an undefined
situation comes management should decide which theory should be applied. It can’t be applied
on every situation. The disadvantage is the theory is much complicated and it is difficult to
execute.
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TASK 3
3.1 The impact that different leadership styles may have on motivation in organisations in
periods of change:
In an organization, different types of leadership styles show a crucial role in the employees’
motivation. The achievement of individual organizations and careers is centred on the
effectiveness of the leader’s behaviour. The elegance in which process a manager leads his team
would form a negative or positive impact on his staffs in the basis of their situation. If the new
authority attempted to make an authoritarian attitude to the workers from the starting, the
workers cannot make a respectable relationship with the manager and may build a ‘him and us’
outlook. When the workers view the authority as their antagonism, they can lose their power of
motivation in their performance. If he procured a laissez-faire or an extremely merciful
approach, the staffs may not give respect on his view point and can express their uninterested
mentality and feel the job insignificant and start their negligence. If the style of leadership is
based on consultative or participative type and their values and opinion are encouraged and
accepted, it can be more effective for the working staffs and they can perform well. In fact, the
leadership styles affected on worker’s effectiveness and performance. When the authority set the
targets on their employees who are imposed to cross their target, being disinterested and
disheartened in their work. But if the top management keeps the open place for their workers to
come with their suggestions, they feel more interested to complete the job successfully.
3.2 Comparison between the applications of different motivational theories within the workplace:
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The companies are continuously attempting to find out better methods to increase the
productivity and outcome by motivating their employees. There are altered motivational theories
by applying those authority tries to encourage his employees in different sectors of City College
and Enterprise. Inspiration is a specific sensation, intentional and multifaceted. The TESCO has
applied a motivational theory i.e. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs which has set on humanistic
outlook and by applying this the authority could attempt to please all the needs of their
employees first on worthy workplace safety and conditions, and then go up on grading by
gathering the social wants of communication and team making, together with relating a very
strong culture. To increase the worker’s motivation further, the self-actualisation essentials of
development and growth of staffs could be observed into.
There is another theory which is Herzberg’s theory that is based on motivational and hygiene
factors. This type of theory tells about two dimensional motivational concept where all
dimension deals with distinct factors. Hygiene factors like adequate remuneration and safety
avoid disagreeableness, where motivator factors like responsibility and recognition satisfy the
requirement of growth. The workers can be inspired through many process such as creating a
perfect working environment for the superstore, given that suitable cultures, teamwork, policies
etc. , by providing career advancement and recognition, the sanitation can be sustained.
McClelland’s motivation theory of achievement is the third theory of giving inspiration to the
workers and this theory tells about the achievement which is serious to success and growth.
Employees could be motivated through creating external pressure and intrinsic drive. This
feature can be applied to increase inspiration by providing comment system, increasing
obligation levels, linking recompense to performance etc.
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3.3 Evaluate the usefulness of a motivation theory for managers:
Managers could use different types of motivation theory for the achievement of better
performance of the companies like City College and Enterprise. A newly joined manager has
many responsibilities to perform and among those one of the crucial duty of the new manager is
to apply different types of theories to inspire the workers successfully. As the workers are the
main work force of the companies, the motivation theories have to be applied on staffs to
increase productivity and growth of the company. The authority could try to use Herzberg’s
theory of two factor to confirm that his staffs’ wants are being seen adequately. This concept
could increase the productivity of the organization as he has been successful to increase
employee satisfaction. Another thing that could be done to solve the problem easily is
inspirational needs in the form of pyramid to observe which should first come. The manager’s
profit would be tied in turn to the whole performance to confirm that the authority will be an
enthusiastic personality at the company to make a positive alteration. The motivational theory is
highly effective in converting the behaviours and attitudes of the workers.
TASK 4
4.1 The nature of groups and group behaviour within organisations:
Company job is a team-based work and if any organization wants to carry on their success
thoroughly, it needs good co-operation. Teams apply impact over its participation, and authority
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must use this to increase efficiency and to achieve the great quality of work. The workers of a
team set target on a common aim and they are inter-reliant on every one of the team. A vital
factor is human relation outlook to management and acceptance and group pressure may be more
powerful incentives than remuneration. Organizations like City College and Enterprise Car
Rental may be multicultural in nature and there are various interest teams who may not
essentially share the administration view on substances. The two chief roles of the teams are
Maintenance such as cooperating, standard setting, clarifying etc. and Task like making
resolution, collecting information etc.
4.2 Factors that may promote or inhibit the development of effective teamwork in organisations:
The curiosity of group-work has enlarged in the current past and the added pressure improves in
directed and self-managed teams to progress quality, employee morale and flexibility. There are
many factors like social, physical and psychological create difference amongst the people from
one another and the difference among the staffs may cause problems effectively in teambuilding.
If the team members belong to same backgrounds and if they possess similar interests, that will
be very helpful for the team members as they feel attached to each other. This cohesiveness of a
team helps to increase the possibilities of victory within the team. The workers from similar
background would cover the path for more understanding and empathy among the group-
members. The permanency and stability of the group plays a crucial role in promoting or
inhibiting the expansion of effective teamwork in organisations like City College and Enterprise
Car Rental. A more stable group can do effective team work seriously as they can communicate
easily and collaborate their effort perfectly. Similar training and skill levels which give positive
contribution, are also helpful for effective teamwork to carry forward their job easily.
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There are also diversities among the staffs in the institutions like City College and organization
like Enterprise Car Rental. The workers have different points of view and perception so they
could not continue their job successfully as a successful team can do. According to Tirmizi and
Halverson, cultural issues and teamwork are not inter linked together as this two issues are
completely different from each other. Different culture of the staffs does not affect directly, so
different cultural employees can do a teamwork effectively. But cultural and social diversity may
be unpleasant at this situation when the workers from different religion works together and this
diversity can create inefficiency of understanding. There is another issue like age of team
members may be also problematic as they have different outlook on their work field.
4.3 The impact of technology on team functioning within a given organisation:
Now a days, a great contract of the business administration procedure may be skilled through
automated systems like remote control systems with the progression of technology. By using this
advance electronic device working teams can get more autonomy in their working sector, so they
can provide their own views and decisions. The staffs of the organizations like City College and
Enterprise Car Rental could stay in an attachment of their higher management. This kind of
advance technology could be used to provide more independence and importance to their staffs
and through this technology, manager could motivate his workers and increase their promise to
the organization and group. The advancement of technology is also used in the companies for
maintaining better communications among the members of an organization. This will be very
helpful when they need to converse with each other from their cabins or from anywhere in the
office and this advancement will help to connect with each other in a fraction of time when they
need. Through the conversation workers will come closer as a team as they work together. IS and
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IT will help to maintain the operations of any organization and this technological advancement is
a positive benefit for the company and is also effective.
Though there are many technological devices that can hinder human communication and create
detachment from team members. The staffs of an organization can feel dissatisfaction as the
technological advancement creates distance in a replacement of human contact among the office
staffs .
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