Organizational Behavior Report: Ryanair Holdings PLC Analysis

This report delves into the organizational behavior of Ryanair Holdings PLC, examining the influence of culture, power, and politics on individual and team performance. It explores Handy's typology of cultures (power, task, role, and person) and how Ryanair aligns with these models, with a focus on the company's use of reward power. The report further investigates motivational theories, comparing content and process theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and how Ryanair applies these to enhance employee motivation through various benefits and opportunities. It also provides a comparative analysis of effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the dynamics that contribute to team success and failure. Finally, the report discusses the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior, offering a comprehensive overview of the factors that shape employee behavior and organizational outcomes within Ryanair.

Organizational behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour..........................1
TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................4
P2 Motivational theories..............................................................................................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Effective team and ineffective team ......................................................................................7
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour........................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the study of people and group of people performance, it
helps to identify the different activity of both individual and team of member (Koning and Van
Kleef, 2015). Organizational behaviour helps to understand the behaviour and nature of
employee which is very complicated in a firm. Here the report will be discussed on organization
behaviour of Ryanair holdings plc. Ryanair is a UK based company headquartered in Swords,
Dublin, Ireland. It provides the airlines related service. This report will described about the
influence of culture, power and politics that affects team and individual performance of the
Ryanair holding plc. It will also describe the different motivational theory which enhance the
motivation among individuals and teams of Ryanair to achieve goal. Also, the report will
highlight the comparison on effective and ineffective team. Furthermore, it will also describe
about concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
P1 Influence of culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour
Influence of culture
The influence of culture will be explained by Handy's typology.
Power culture
Power culture is type of autocratic leadership. This method is described that the authority
of taking decisions has control by the top management. In other words, Power is control by the
highest authority of the company and this top management makes overall decision related to
business. In this culture the work of Employees is judged by work not by achievements. This
power culture gives the incentives and bonus to employees for enhance motivation. Further,
Ryanair did not use this culture in their business because it reduces the morale of employees.
Task culture
It is derived as team that formed in terms to address the specific problems and to define about the
progress of projects. Therefore, it can be stated that the task culture is largely dependent over
dynamic of team. Thus, the right mix of skills, personalities and leadership, working in team
can all be the incredibly productive and creative. Task culture can be defined as job or
project oriented. Further the decision is made by the team leader or by the whole team so it

helps to maintain good relationship and coordination among the people. Moreover, Ryanair
holdings plc can use this culture in their business to complete the specific task with high
efficiency.
Role culture
The role culture is another culture which influence the culture of the business. This
culture is described that the role and responsibility is assigned according to authority of person.
Therefore, employees have their own roles and responsibility and the power is assigned
according to authority they have in the organization (Bormann and Rowold, 2016). The manager
assigned work to employees according to their positions therefore a big company can follow this
culture like Ryanair also use this culture for makes the best decisions.
Person culture
Many organizations follow this culture in their business to manage all the activity of the
firm. In this culture, employee works according to their priority of work. Therefore, employees
are focused to achieve their own goals and improve their work by concentrate on their work.
Further, company gives promotion, bonus and incentives to employees according to their work
and in return employees gives help company in achieving the goal of the business. Therefore,
Ryanair uses this culture in their business because it suits the best for their business.
On the basis of this model Ryanair holdings plc follows person culture because this culture
is completely fit and satisfy employees as well as company goals. Also, the company can use
task culture in their business to make better decision and achieve the special task. For example,
to promote their airline services, so they build best marketing to promote the services.
Influence of politics
The process of decision-making is long
Ryanair holdings plc also have internal politics issues this issues influence their working
as well as decision-making. Although, the manager have a Decision making power which
influenced employees behaviour Like decisions related to teams, or meeting etc are generally
influenced the employees work. Also, the conflicts between employees is affect the environment
of business.
Organizational productivity

The political interference affects the productivity of the company. Further, Because the
different government rules such as taxes its affect the loyalty towards organization is almost
irresponsibility which leads the turnover of Ryanair. And therefore, productivity of Ryanair is
aslo expend. For example The taxes on airline services its increase the turnover of pilots, and its
affect air hostess productivity so company cannot afford to take off aircraft.
Increase in conflicts
Political interference influence the people it also leads to increase in conflicts because
employees are feel partiality within company. So this issues increase the conflict in the
environment of business and is created negative relations among the employee and supervisors.
Further, conflicts is impede relations of employees and this negatively affects on their
productivity.
Influence of power
French and raven's theory, this theory helps to explain the influence of power in Ryanair holdings
plc
Reward power
In this stage, Ryanair manage their employee by provides the rewards such as incentives,
bonus etc. in this power, company gives the valuable rewards to people by enhancing the
motivation. Firm offer many appraisals and rewards to employees. In return employees need to
follow all rules and regulations of the company.
Coercive power.
Coercive power is a type of autocratic leadership style. This power is only suitable for
those who follow the autocratic leadership style in their business. Furthermore, in this power
manager and leaders or top management shows their power to employees and person (Koning
and Van Kleef, 2015). Also, the employees who did not follow rules and regulations of the
managers and top management, they will give termination letter and punish them. Like penalty
etc.
Legitimate power
This stage is not much good because all the power and decisions taken by the high
authority so All the lower employees of company need to follow their orders. So it creates the

negative impact on the Ryanair because employees is not much concentrate on the business
activity and it leads lacks of creativity and interest of employees.
Expert power
This power is more focus towards the person knowledge and experience regarding the task of
the team. This power is commonly uses in the business because it is the team power and it helps
to complete the goal of the firm.
Referent power
This power is different from all other power because in this power all the people doing work on
their accordance also the worker gives the advice to each other. Many companies use this
power in their business.
Ryanair holdings plc uses reward power in their business. Further they enhance the
motivation among the employees by gives incentives and bonus etc.
TASK 2
P2 Motivational theories
Motivation can be explained as the feeling which means people doing their work according
to their actions willingly, they use their motivation to achieve their goals and also achieve the
goal of the company.
The difference between process and content theories is that content theory focuses on employees
and people need, in other side process theory focuses on behaviour of employees.
Content theory
Maslows Hierarchy of Needs
Psychological needs
Psychological needs is the essential needs of every human for ex. Food, drink, shelter,
clothing., sleep etc. Furthermore, people are not happy because their needs are not fulfilled, so
they cannot work properly. In addition, Ryanair Holdings plc will gives the different benefits to
their employees and peoples for example they provide the retirement benefits, shelter and
housing facilities, medical or educational benefits and insurance, holiday, etc. When the needs
are fulfilled, so employees get motivated, and they enhance their work, and they help to company

for enlarge the productivity. furthermore, when these needs are fulfilled is helps to individual as
well as group of people because they motivate and complete the task of the firm. This need help
to company because employee are happy, and they are produce more and increase productivity
of the company.
Safety needs
Safety needs also the mandatory needs in the work place, because its provide the safety in
the work place. this need help to company because employee are happy, and they are produce
more and increase productivity of the company. So Ryanair also provide the safety to their
employees for example, they provide the best machinery and tools to their employees also
provide training that how to use these equipment so this process reduce the risk and increase the
safety on the work place. Furthermore, firm also provide the best motivational speech to
employees to create friendly environmental and help to reduce the work place stress. So that it
help employees as well as group of people they increase their motivation towards the work.
Love and belongings needs
This stage is gives respect to the employees in the work place. Ryanair Holding Plc gives
many opportunities to the employees by gives the public appraisal for example give reward in
meetings or office party. So these needs are provided the respect to the employees on the work
place. Ryanair Holding Plc is provided the best environment to the employees (Hanaysha, 2016).
Provide the best opportunity as well as gives the rewards to the employees so people and team of
members are satisfied, and they give their hundred percent for achieving the goal of the business
and also helps to increase the performance of the business.
Esteem needs
Ryanair Holdings plc motivates the people by provide job opportunity. For example
firm gives the bonus, incentives, promotion and extra pay to the employee. These all opportunity
increase the confidence among the employees because firm appraise employees publicly.
Moreover, Ryanair uses the best way to increase the motivation in the employees.
Self actualization needs
Self actualization is last stage of motivational theory employees are understood all the
activity of the business further they also enhance their confidence Because Ryanair appraise the
employee and provide the benefits and rewards. So people are much satisfied and also they

improve yourself to achieve more. So employees are concentrate on their work, and they realize
their potential of work and increase their capabilities through participate in different training
programme and motivates by own.
Process theory
Vroom expectancy theory
Expectancy
Ryanair Holding plc gives the different benefits to their employee like housing facility medical,
educational, retirement, insurance etc. furthermore, provide best working hours and holidays
benefits to employees (Chan and Lai, 2017). So people are motivated, and they complete their
own task as well complete the task of team in order to achieve the objective of the company.
Ryanair provides the best training facility to the employees, for example provide the training to
employees that how to use the equipment in the work place. So employees are reduced their
stress level by increase the knowledge of work.
firm offer many rewards to employee for enhancing the motivation among the people. They
provide the opportunity such as gives leadership opportunity. In addition, Ryanair Appraise the
Figure 2: Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Source: (Maslow's hierarchy of needs,2017)

employee in publicly and office meetings to promote the employee like transfers, job rotation,
promotion etc. so these all awards is help to enhance the motivation in the employees.
valence
The manager and top management of the Ryanair Holding plc give the feedback to identify the
strength and weakness of the employees. Further, also provide the best feedback to gives the
positive vibes to employees, so employee enhance their skills and knowledge, and they improve
their ability and help to company by increase the performance as well increase the productivity.
Instrumentality
Company offer the best facility to the people such as good time schedule to work easily also
provide flexible working hours to reduce the level of stress. So these ideas helps to employee
that they can work easily on specified time (Bormann and Rowold, 2016). Company also provide
motivational training to employee by increasing the motivation towards the work. So this
different activity helps to reduce the level of work place stress. So employee are encouraged
yourself to expand their knowledge and enhance their efficiency of work and produce more to
achieve the goal of the firm. Further, Ryanair also organize the parties to appraise the people so
this increase the profitability of the company.
So this process theory changes the behaviour of the employees towards the work. Further,
theory helps to both people and team because it gives the recommendation to the employee that
how to improve their behaviour also company make efforts to enhance the motivation among the
people.
TASK 3
P3 Effective team and ineffective team
Types of team
Virtual team
Virtual team is communicated by the help of technology such as Mail, fax, video
conferencing etc. So Ryanair also use this style of team to reduce the operating cost of the firm.
Problem solving team

Ryanair Holdings plc is making this team for solving the problem. So this team is mainly
concentrated on solving the difficult problem and helps to firm to makes the best decision and
achieving the goal of the company.
Effective team and ineffective team
BASIS EFFECTIVE TEAM INEFFECTIVE TEAM
Responsibility
Effective team manage their
task effectively also they set
their target on the priority
basis and complete the task on
the specified time.
Ineffective team do not
perform the work with
responsibility and it affects the
working of enterprise.
Generally, they are with the
lack of purpose. There is no
specific day to goal and this
leads to resulting in further
reduction in the effectiveness
of team.
Decision making
Effective team take the
decision according to all the
members of group also they
take advice with the members
that which ideas are more
suitable for the firm.
In this team the leader of the
team cannot share their ideas to
the team members.
Management
The management of the work
is good in the effective team
they complete their task on
time.
In ineffective team the
manager are not make plan so
the team is cannot complete
their work So managers are
managed the all works.

Tuck man theory
Forming
This is the first stage of develop the team. Ryanair makes the team on the basis of
knowledge and experience of the employees.
Storming
In this stage, the member of the team make the good relationship with each other and the
team members share their ideas to the leaders to build the good relationship (Allen, 2017).
Norming
In the third stage, the team members are comfortable with their work they happy and
manage all the work timely. Furthermore, they share the ideas to each other for achieve the task
of the team and also they follow all rules and regulations of the company.
Performing
In this stage, team members are complete their task they achieve the objective of the
company and also, they follow all instruction given by the team leaders. The team Members are
clear about their objectives, and they achieve the objectives. Further they support their team
members.
Adjourning
In the last stage, this stage is described that the focus of the team members for achieved the
goal of the Ryanair and complete the task team on timely. In the stage company set the target
and distribute the target in each team for complete the goal of the firm. Further, the manager
gives the reward for better performance to the employees. So employee connected with their
team leaders, and they share their ideas each other.
Task 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour
There are different concepts of organizational behaviour are as follows:-
Individual differences in organisation:- According to this, concept people in the
organisation may differ from each other. They may differ in attitude, personality, understanding
and qualities in the organisation. Different employee will have a different perspective of doing
work. As in Ryanair also different people is having different attitude of doing work in the

company (Chumg, and et. al., 2016). Different people is having different quality of doing work in
the organization. All the employees are different in their own way and having different style of
doing work.
Perception of employees:- Perception refers to the way of seeing things from individual
perspective. Every individual is having different perspective of doing work in the organisation.
Perception also differs on the basis of way of thinking for certain condition in the organization.
As one employee satisfy with the job on the other hand another employee is not satisfied with it.
So perception differ from person to person. As in Ryanair different employee is having different
perception regarding the policies and procedures of the company so they will work according to
it.
Motivation of employees:- Motivation plays an important role in the company for doing
work for future growth of employees. People need different kinds of needs in the company that
will help in satisfying the needs of an employee. In this Maslow hierarchy of needs theory helps
in satisfying needs of employee (Coccia, 2015). There are different needs such as Safety, Social,
Esteem, Self-actualisation, Physiological needs that is to be fulfilled by the company. In Ryanair
employees are motivated for doing work effectively and efficiently. There needs is being
satisfied by the company either by giving incentives and rewards to the people.
Involvement of employees:- Involvement of employee in the company plays an
important part that leads to growth of employees. Employee cannot be handled in the company
like machines they have to take part in the activities of the company for future growth. Manager
of the company will help in empowering employees to do involve in different activities of the
company. In Ryanair employees are more involved in the organisational activity that will
emphasize them to do work (Sendjaya and et. al., 2019). Employee takes part in the different
recreational activity that will help them in doing work effectively.
Dignity of labour:- Employee should be treated with respect and dignity in the company.
In most of the organisations labour are treated as commodity that can be easily purchased by
giving specific price. They are also having right to get fair wages, job security, encouraging
employees ,decision making etc. Every person wants to get respect that will help in motivate to
do work in the organization. In Ryanair employees is giving respect that will motivate them to do
work effectively and efficiently.