Organizational Behavior and Motivation at British Airways Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behavior, focusing on a case study of British Airways. It delves into the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power dynamics, examining how these factors impact employee behavior and overall performance. The report explores different motivational theories, differentiating between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, and assesses their application within the airline. It further discusses effective team dynamics, contrasting them with ineffective team structures, and applies concepts of organizational behavior, including Hofstede's cultural dimensions, to the context of British Airways. The analysis covers topics such as power cultures, role cultures, and task cultures, along with the impacts of globalization and digital technology on organizational culture. The report also examines the influence of politics and various sources of power within the organization, evaluating strategies to motivate individuals and teams towards achieving organizational goals. Finally, the report concludes with a synthesis of the key findings and their implications for British Airways' strategic management and human resources practices.

Organizational behaviours

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK ONE......................................................................................................................................3
Evaluation how to motivate the individuals and team for achievement of goals........................8
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
Discuss about the effective team as opposed to ineffective team..............................................10
Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within British airways.............12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour has been defined as systematic study and application of
knowledges how individuals and acting up in organization in proper manner. It is the study of
human behaviours with organizational setting interaction with real world evaluations and
management of group of people. All busines have the internal culture making their company
unique. Every employee in contributing with certain skills but difference in personality have
inherit the belief and values. Hence, organization behaviour can be defined as the
understanding with prediction ad management of the human behaviour affecting the performance
of organization.
British airways are the UK flag carrier with biggest airlines in the country flying to more
than 180 destinations. Company is facing major issues regarding the existing cultures and
behaviour of employees within organizations effecting the profitability and performance. In this
report, there will be discussion on the influence of culture, politics and power. In addition,
report will have discussion on different motivational theories regarding individual and team to
achieve goals in respect to behaviour psychology. beside above, team dynamics and teamwork
will application of concept and philosophies will be included in report.
TASK ONE
Overview of case
British airways are the full services global airlines offering up the year-round low fares service
with an extensive global routes network flying from to ad from which are centrally located
airports. British airways are one of the largest scheduled airlines established in Heathrow
International, London, which is considered one of the largest airport locations in the world.
currently company is facing up the major issues staff developments and involvement process
which is making out firm failure in meeting our customer demands. This have resulted in
pressurized environments.
Currently the firm is following up power cultures and autocratic leadership styles with autocratic
management. This have resulted in moving of staff to competitive firms turning out threats in
future success of business.
Classification of cultures
In the todays globalised world, cultivating the cultural awareness have to be wide priority
for company. This is affecting up in major collaborations and interact which make environment
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more inclusive and productive. This is validated through research in the business field of
psychology and sociology. Culture is very much dynamic and complex in nature coming up
from individuals’ perspectives and going through macro perspective in better manner. it is
important for business to unpack up different layers and nuances of culture for cultivating
awareness playing up major role in member and organizations to the world. there is
consequences for quick decision making not based on long term interest of organization swiftly
truing turn toxic attributed to strong power culture.
Power cultures
Handy power cultures have been considered to be every mush crucial regarding
organization completions widening up circles of intimate and influences. There is need for firm o
sort up different culture which is responding up swiftly to different events. On the other hand,
this have clear dependency on continued success and abilities of people in centre as succession
have been the critical issue. Control of resources is the main power base in culture looking at
some element of private power. Currently the British airways is following up the power culture
relating all authority to superior or senior level of management. This have created up negative
impact on form performance and major level of conflicts.
Role cultures
Organization have been role cultures are based on rules with highly controls knowing
different term and responsibilities. Power is role culture determined by person positions in
organizational structure. this have resulted in making up long term decision making and chain of
command. The decision making in role culture is very much painful with role culture tends in
very Bureaucratic.
Task culture
Task culture have formats pen of team, performing the specific addressing specific
problems and progress projects. The task in important aspects often shifting have dependence on
team members and status of problems. The task culture proving out to be effectives determined
by team dynamics. there is the need for right mix of skills, personalities and leadership, working
in team incredibly productive and creative.
Person culture
In the organization with person cultured, individual have very much need to look the unique
and supervisor in term of organization. The firm is simply existing in order to make people
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works in proper manner. A organizations with the establishments person cultures with collection
of individual working for same organization in better manner.
Hofstede cultural dimension application
Hofstede cultural dimension is the most used framework for the culture differences tasking
up the important component as Power Distance, Individualism/Collectivism,
Masculinity/Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, Long-term/Short-term Orientation and
Restraint/Indulgence.
Power Distance
This dimension refers up to degree for existing inequality among the employee who are
without power. The high-power distance believes equal distributions of power in the society.
British airway is high power distance creating major level of employee turnover and impact on
the cultures. This dimension has following characteristic resulting in big gap for remunerations,
centralized organizations and strong power hierarchies.
Individualism/Collectivism
This have refereeing up the connection strengths of employees to organizations. But the
high individualism states the loose connections lacking up interpersonal connection and low
sharing of responsibility among member of company. On the other hand, collective tend to
employee looking for social framework with proper delegation of authority and sharing up of
values. This factor has inclusion of large and economic packs, price points, quality and values
along with importance of social groups.
Masculinity/Femininity
This dimension has been considered important values in the company. Masculinity
dimension representation over preferences in achievement, heroism, assertiveness and material
rewards for success. the company have highly competitiveness, as employee are facing the
discrimination in work environments considered to be more consensus oriented. Sometimes, this
is related to as “tough versus tender” cultures. The firm is operating up in different countries
where as japan is considered as every much masculine country’s whereas Norway and Sweden
are considered highly feminine.
Uncertainty Avoidance
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These dimensions have expression over higher degrees for society to feel up comfortable with
respect to uncertainty and ambiguity. The British airways have high uncertainly avoidances
leading to have up the rigid codes in respect to belief and behaviours considered to be intolerant
Long-term/Short-term Orientation
The company have del up over making certain level of dealing regarding certain level of
challenges in present and future. There is need for society to prioritize the different goals in
proper manner. British airways will look into maintain time mourned tradition viewing societal
change with suspicion. There is need to have look on the hands of pragmatic approach looking in
future oriented and encourage the efforts in modern education. The western countries are more
level short term-oriented countries.
Restraint/Indulgence.
This is more dimension with relatively new dimensions to model with extents to control up
different desire and impulses. The relatively weak control can be identified as indulgences and
strong control is called up resistant. UK is the country which is lying there section of indulgence
allowing up relatively free gratifications and natural human drives enjoying up enjoying and
having fu. On the other hand, company have to looking to differ countries management
following restraint for society suppressing gratifications of needs and regulating it by strict
norms.
The rise of globalisation and digital technology creating impact in shaping organisational
culture in the 21st century.
Globalization is integration of world markets with respect of mass sharing of information
remains up unaffected in the 21st century. There have been rapid advances in the communication
technology which have multiplied up the human connections with major shift in values, eroded
cultures and revolutionized job market. There have certainly creating major increase in
competition with making world globalized offering significantly fewer options in market. on the
other hand, this also led to cultural erosion, as national cultures were relatively insular and
unaffected by outside world. The integration of world largest markets has integrated involving
in varsity of degrees dependent on one and other making the indulgence to political stability
extremely desirable. A cooperative has to look into their person lifestyle for organization
formations developing the new task culture in better manner.
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On the other hand, organizational psychology has been clearly applicable with looking into
their fundamental scientific effects creating the workplace environments turning out to be
enjoyable and productive. This will make the employee loves the work they are pursuing in
daily manner.
Influences of politics
Organizational politics are looking out to be casuals, unofficial and frequently with scene
attempts selling the ideas impacting up organisation. This will increase in energy focusing on the
achievements of different objectives. British airways are majorly affecting with politics stems
such as diversity in passion along with competing in different interest. There is need to make up
proper resolution over the different decision making in perfect manner. The company have need
to make up proper focus on rational decision making which make will work fundamentally
incongruent in manner. So, it can be concluded as political behaviours create the positive and
negative impacts need to deals with tactics.
Influence of power
Power is the considered as internals influences over the different belief, emotional and
behaviours regarding people looking the phenomena of power as ubiquitous. Without leadership
(power) in medical, political, technological, financial, spiritual and organisational activities,
humankind would not have the standard of living. as per the French and Raven models there
have been identifications of various principles of source-
Coercive Power – this have been the crudest form using in formation of threats and
punishments achieve the major ends such as getting up proper scansion from suppliers, dismissal
for cooperating staff and proper demonstrations.
Reward power is the usage of different rewards influencing the manner of people
compliances deriving away the effective rewards which have been desired withing target grope.
This can be the part on their financial inducements or many more.
Legitimate Power – this have been turned out as the proper manner of authority implies up
the power to act as well as the power over different resources are invariability limited in same
manner.
Expert Power. This have come out there possessing up the specialist knowledge with
communication skills. There is major level of dependency on their expertise to be properly
recognized. The credibility has need to be vitals and no one will take any one in notice.
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Referent Power.
This generally known as the personal power or the charisma coming up from the higher
authority in regard which are held by others.in proper manner. This forma of power has
vanishing up the employed conjunction of other sources in proper manner. Specific and
measurable performance goals in groups can solidify cohesion, increase performance, and
reaffirm objective
On the other hand, the power sources have the inclusion of different knowledge and
personal contracts and alliances. On the other hand, legitimize power is carrying up their other
different courses with information and internal contacts. There is need to look into clear
democratisers over different strategies holding up the clear power in gaining supports to others
and order to change the achievement in proper manner.
Evaluation how to motivate the individuals and team for achievement of goals.
There has been inclusion of different motivational theories in the organization behaviours
looking at the major attention with business perspective. The major inclusion of motivation are
such as extrinsic and intrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation has to look into the internal desire for performing of any particular level
of jobs along with making people to do certain level of activities. On the other hand, extrinsic
motivation is considered to be external aspects making out another person with unrelated task
over performing of business. This has inclusion of good example including up money, good
marks and other rewards n better manner.
The motivational theories are been govern up in the different manner and processing such
as content theories and process theories. the content theories have consistency regarding there
Maslow, Herzberg and Alderfer. On the other hand, process theories have inclusion for Vroom,
Adams, Latham and Locke.
Maslow have proposed up the 5 level of hierarchy outlining the important aspect of
business which are considered to be necessary to become completely satisfies person looking the
different terms conditions. All of the needs have to look into the physiological, security, love,
esteem, and self-actualization. more important the British airways have need to looking out the
important needs of the employee working in organization paying major level of attention on
behaviours and different business performances. The basic and important need for the human
bens is regarding standard of human needs which are need for human survivals in better manner.
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on the other hand, safety needs have to looking into the important aspect which are helpful in
getting the stableness and predictability in the lives of employees. This can be more switch of
personal lives and financial security, health and wellbeing looking at access of resources in
perfect manner. Moving to another level, employee are looking to their social needs which better
in catering up social interaction. This can also look some important point such as friendship,
family, and intimacy. Esteem needs indicate our desires for value, self-esteem and the need to
belong. hence the last is about their self of actualizations looking at the individual’s achievement
to be met. The inclusion of self-actualized will have acceptance to perform with creation of
impulse, autonomy and independent cultures and environments with mystic experiences.
Another theory is regarding the Herzberg which is more importantly influenced by the
theory Maslow and McGregor. There have been identification of two important theories
dimensions and condition such as motivators and differ hygienic factors. Maslow looking at the
higher level of needs is successful in leading customer relationship leading to major job
satisfactions. This has natures associated with working itself manner achieving out at the major
responsivity, reputation and growth of business perspective. Motivators are intrinsic factors,
which lead to job satisfaction. On the other hand, hygienic factors have the association with the
lower level of employee needs never looking at the aspect of motivation or satisfaction in proper
manner.
In addition to have Maslow looking to get into lower needs necessary doing in motivations
creating major sense in motivational and satisfaction in better manner. This will look into their
extrinsic merely get into reduces job satisfaction, there can be inclusion in hygienic factors such
as in term of company policy and administrations, direction, relationship with supervisors and
work conditions.
Process theories of motivation
While focusing up on the content theories on the needs with all individuals sharing with
process theories focusses in the cognitive differences between individuals.
VROOM theory is about the cognitive decision making and behaviour which is major level
outlining their different feature of motivation such as valence, instrumentality, and expectancy.
valence is considered to be strength wanting up to perceives results. Instrumentality as fact by
completing the certain steps looking as outcomes specific desired results. There is need to take
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put measure account results inspiration. Setting goals also allows employees to judge their own
performance against that needed to reach the goal.
John S Adam have the major expansion looking in expansion Festinger’s cognitive
dissonance theory and also seems to rely on the concept of the looking glass self. Equity theory
have looking into the dependent with notion of individuality satisfying the association in both
personal and professional manner. In this condition, it will imply up in their person judges
collateral by measuring their insight to outcome ratio against that of other employees. Adams
suggested that we gain our sense of equity through the process of socialization.
The implications of motivational theory on management and leadership within
organisations
Motivating up the employee have been considered as important responsibility of the manages
encasing their company looking at the higher inputs and providing up major job satisfaction to
employees. On the other hand, there is need to have greater detail research and values moving as
part of management and psychological theories can be applied specifically to employee
motivation. Moving to the part of the psychological theories of motivation, management is in the
difficult position of identifying and fulfilling needs for different employees who will, in turn,
require distinct motivational assistance.
TASK 2
Discuss about the effective team as opposed to ineffective team.
A team is a group of people working together within British Airways in order to focus on the
desirable goal and objective. Basically, it can be identified the different kind of team such as
virtual, self-managed, operational and functional (Gorman and et.al., 2020). Each and every team
have performed the significant task on the basis of their efficiency. On the basis of performance,
it can be divided into effective as well as ineffective teams.
Effective team is based on the motivating or inspiring team members to discuss about the
conflicts and perform every task in proper manner. On the other hand, in effective team is not
focused on the discussion but also not giving any suggestion regarding business growth and
development.
Different type of organizational team
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 Functional team- In British Airways, team members belong to the same functional areas
and respond to a single leader. Functional team members are performing the different
functions such as maintenance of team and other specialised group.
 Problem-solving – this team members are mainly focused on creating or developing a
business structure that bring together leader from across organization to focus on solving
complex business issues (Gorman and et.al., 2020).
 Project team- Each and every team members are handling current business project in
order to establish a coordination with existing client.
 Virtual team- these are considered the multi-tasking team members to perform different
tasks such as accounting, handling coordination with sales.
Tuckman’s theory-
This type of theory is based on the team development which is mainly focused on the
way in which effective team can handle any kind of problem or issue within business tasks.
Initially, it is very important to find the approach in the formation of an effective team.
Afterwards, it can be performed the different steps in development by using Tuckman’s theory.
 Forming- At this phase, all team members are assembled and allocated the task on the
basis of skills, knowledge. Basically, British Airways Company has identified the
suitable candidate who have already appropriate skilled to handle the current business
situation or condition. In this stage (Gorman and et.al., 2020). It should be provided the
better guidance of team members by leader and also focused on the planning,
communicating and collecting more information or data.
 Storming- in this step, All team members in British airways focused on the addressing the
different tasks by providing the better suggestion or guidance. It is considered the
extremely important to concern about the management and competence of multiple idea.
At certain level, management is not properly done so that it will increase chances of
destruction (Salazar and et.al., 2019). In British Airways, leadership is important aspects
to provide clarity and identify purpose of handling problem or issues within uncertainty
situation. Team bonding is the stage that either strengthened as well as broken.
 Norming – in this process, it can be developed as trust among staff members in which
increasing the agreement among staff members. In British Airways, Each and every
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individuals have responsibilities for accepting the all condition or situation. It help to
make a better decision in business growth and development.
 Performing- in this process, all staff members are focused on the strategic plan and aware
about the different tasks. In this step, every team members have been shared their vision,
completing the assigned task in proper manner. In this way, it is participating into
different business operational activities.
Belbin’s team role theory-
This type of theory is defined the specific role and responsibility of every team members.
According to theory, it can be performed different roles that help to develop as effective team
members.
 Resource investigation- through this, it is basically concerned about the innovative idea
which bring more innovative concept to handle the business activities. This was quite
enthusiastic and identifying the good opportunities through performance of team
members. The weakness of this role is over optimistic.
 Coordinator- it is one of the confident aspect to identify the primary objective of team
members. This can be considered as over delegated sometimes. One of the most
weakness is Manipulative.
 Team worker- Each and every staff members are becoming co-operative, identifying the
work to be done in proper manner. Sometimes, different people can be hesitated in term
of decision-making (Gorman and et.al., 2020).
 Monitor Evaluator- It provide the logical view to make as impartial decision for team but
they have a lack of ability or capability to inspire other people. The weakness is overly
critical thinking.
 Shaper- it must ensure that all team member keep moving and do not concerned about the
feeling of individual’s.
 Implementer- An effective plan has been executed so that it become easier to perform
innovative idea.
Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within British airways
Path Goal theory- this type of model is mainly concerned about the leadership style of leader
within British Airways. Goal theory is provide the brief idea about the motivation of team
members, empowerment and satisfaction so that employee become more productive within
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organization. It assisting the business to achieve both short-term as well as long-term objectives.
It is always keep to adjust the current organizational culture or environment (Janke and
Dickhäuser, 2019). Path goal theory emphasis on leader engaging in improving the own ability,
skills of staff members. This will help for increasing the overall organization production and
sales. When using path goal theory by British Airways that can help to reduce employee turnover
and also enhancing overall business production.
Advantage
The advantage of path goal theory is to provide the better understanding of leaders so that
they can motivate their team members towards organizational goal and objective. on the other
hand, this theory will support to represent as uniqueness for establishing a strong connection or
bond with staff members within organization.
 Social Capital theory- this model is developing a string relationship within British
airways and improving quality of works. This will help for achieving the desirable goal
and objective (Bardach, Oczlon and Lüftenegger, 2019). By using this theory, British
Airways Company has focused on the social relationship and use effective
communication to analyse need or demand of staff members. In this way, it can assist in
reducing overall turnover of enterprise.
 Motivation of team members- there are different kind of need or requirement of
employee so as need to understand the psychological, social and own-satisfaction. These
are considered the important aspect to describe behaviour of staff members.
 Empowerment of staff members- Each and every staff members are unable to complex
situation within British airways. So as require to empower team members to improve own
ability and capability.
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CONCLUSION
From the above file, it can be concluded as Hence, organization behaviour can be defined
as the understanding with prediction ad management of the human behaviour affecting the
performance of organization. Culture is very much dynamic and complex in nature coming up
from individuals’ perspectives and going through macro perspective in better manner. The high-
power distance believes equal distributions of power in the society. There is need to have look on
the hands of pragmatic approach looking in future oriented and encourage the efforts in modern
education. The company have need to make up proper focus on rational decision making which
make will work fundamentally incongruent in manner. Esteem needs indicate our desires for
value, self-esteem and the need to belong. hence the last is about their self of actualizations
looking at the individual’s achievement to be met. Basically, British Airways Company has
identified the suitable candidate who have already appropriate skilled to handle the current
business situation or condition. Theory will support to represent as uniqueness for establishing a
strong connection or bond with staff members within organization.
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