Organizational Behavior Report: Arash Motor Company Analysis, Unit 12

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behavior, focusing on how culture, politics, and power influence individual and team behavior within Arash Motor Company. It explores Handy’s cultural theory, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and French and Raven's model of power. The report also examines content and process theories of motivation, including Herzberg's two-factor theory, Alderfer's ERG theory, and Vroom's expectancy theory, discussing how these theories are applied to motivate employees. Furthermore, it explains effective and ineffective team working, organizational politics, and philosophies within the organizational context. The report offers insights into how these factors impact employee performance, productivity, and overall organizational success, providing a comprehensive overview of key concepts in organizational behavior and leadership management.

Unit 12

Table of Contents
Table of Contents.............................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1 How culture, politics and power influences individual and team behaviour.........................1
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory.............................................................................................2
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................4
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques.....................4
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................6
P3 Explanation how effective and ineffective team working......................................................6
Task 4...............................................................................................................................................8
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational within organisational context..........................8
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
A study of human behaviour, nature, attitudes and perception of people who are working in
organisation by their goals and perform the activities accordingly is known as organisation
behaviour. In organisation numbers of people is working by understanding their responsibilities
and complete the task in certain period that helps to increase the productivity and profitability. In
other words, behaviour of company is defined as behaviour of company that treat employees and
provide a right decisions which can help to perform all task (Ullah and et. al., 2017). To
understand and increasing insights about organisation behaviour Arash Motor Company is
sports motor car manufacturer company that was founded in 1999 that is providing new cars and
services that attracts customers and increase the organisational productivity. This report covers
This report, cultural identity, politics and power, influences individual and team
behaviour, motivation individuals and how to cooperate with people in organisation. Moreover,
philosophy in relation to solving problems are covered.
Task 1
P1 How culture, politics and power influences individual and team behaviour
In business environment, employees are playing an important role who have different
culture and power according to their profile so all workings can be done and maintain the good
performance. Team behaviour is defining term in where group of people are working collectively
and managing their activities to perform well and increase the productivity. In context to Arash
Motor Company, culture, power and politics are influencing team and individual behaviour that
are as defined:
Culture
The culture of organisation encompasses values, attitudes, beliefs and attributes that are
contributing to the social and environmental business (Kaplan, 2019). This states how task are
understanding by employees and how goals can be attaining by managing the activities. In
context to Arash Motor Company is using Handy’s culture theory that are as determined:
Role culture – This illustrated as culture that involves columns and beams that are
defining the specific role and responsibilities of employees. In Arash Motor Company, it
influence individual as they perform their task and if some one employees have leave then role of
1

new employees will be same. And team work remain constant which is performing by all people
collectively that increases performance.
Task culture – This is defined as job and project based structure that is adopting by
employees for completing their task and attain the business goals. In Arash Motor Company,
individual has influenced individuals as they become more skilled and talented to perform
assigned task and complete the objectives. Along with this, team work take responsibility to
complete the task in certain time so productivity can be increases (Pluháček and et. al., 2020).
Person culture – This illustrated as unusual culture which is not founding easily in
organisations. In this employees who are working understanding themselves as important person
and they work according to their wants. In Arash Motor Company, perso0n culture influence
individuals such as it create the conflicts between employees and some are making decision to
leave. And Team work is non effective because employees not getting ready to perform their role
as they understand them selves as important person.
Power culture – This power culture is related to authority and power that is having in top
management and having right to make decisions. In context to Arash Motor Company,
individual influences as top management are deciding goals and make decision in the welfare of
employees that influence organisational productivity. On the other side, team work is effectively
working which manage the activities in to different action that helps to perform well (Watson,
2017).
From the above all, Arash Motor Company is using role culture in which roles of
employees are delegated by management as per their skills and interest to work which helps to
increase the organisational productivity by completing the work. This helps to perform the role
and responsibilities of employees in organisational working and deliver the best design and
model of cars with the support of individuals and team work.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory
This is a framework for cross cultural communication which is given by Geert Hofstede that
states how values related to behaviour, uses structure and derived from factors. This helps to
perform well and increase the performance in challenging environment that maintain good
performance. In context to Arash Motor Company, this model is defined as:
2

Power distance index- This illustrate as power that should have in employees to understand
and perform work to work well. In context to Arash Motor Company, management have power
to decide goals and allocate the work among employees.
Individualism vs. collectivism – This refers as activity in where people are integrated in to
groups who perform task collectively and increase the organisational productivity (Zaira and
Hadikusumo, 2017).
Uncertainty avoidance – This is defined as cultural dimension in which employees
embrace or avert an event in relation to unexpected and unknown aspects that reduces the
chances of avoidance that helps to perform well.
Masculinity vs. feminist – This is defined as a preference in society for achievement,
heroism, assertiveness and material rewards that give the changes to male and female to perform
the role and complete the task effectively. Arash Motor Company is applying this theory that
help to increase the business performance by maintaining good culture by working collectively.
Power – This shows as power and ability of person and top management that make the work
happens as per one’s perspective by getting the work done and attain the business goals. In
Arash Motor Company is applying the power that helps to decide goals and complete the
working properly. French and Raven model is uses by chosen organisation that are as stated:
Legitimate power – This means power come from legitimate that involves election,
appointment and selection having in top management to make the decision. This create a feeling
of conflicts between top superior and employees and they work under fear (Englart, 2019).
Reward power – This is positive power that should be use by company in order to increase
the organisational productivity. This create the motivation and inspiration between employees
that maintain the good performance by completing task. This influence individual as they feel
satisfaction and thinks to work more. The team work also influenced as all working can be done
that helps to work accordingly and increase the profitability.
Expert power – This refers as experts, experience and skills of employees that get
completion of task and workings. In Arash Motor Company, employees who are working
having special skills and talent that influence individual as they get more skilled and expert who
ready to accept the changes and maintain the good performance. And other side team work is
remains effective which helps to attain the business goals (Konada and Suman, 2017).
3

Coercive power – This is defined as negative power, that is creating conflicts between
employer and employees. This power is having in one person and who have rights to make
decision and bound employees to work as per their wants. In this, employees are feeling job
dissatisfaction and influenced to make the decision of leaving the organisation (Micallef, 2017).
From the above, Arash Motor Company is using expert power that influencing power
which make highly experienced and experts in their works so no chances of errors will be
repeated. With the help of this power all working and activities of company can be complete in
certain time and maintain the profitability by accepting the challenges.
Politics -
Organisation politics – Politics is defined as formal and informal power that is having in
person who are working on top authority and working accordingly. If there is political behaviour
of employees and some employer then it become difficult for organisation to run the business
and increase profitability. In Arash Motor Company, politics is divided in to structural,
personal and decisional and organisational change that may create a negative behaviour between
employees (Micallef, 2017). The employees who are working in chosen organisation having
Chanlat’s characteristics in relation of politics that are as defined:
Personal – In this, managers of Arash Motor Company are treating employees
differently and create a feeling of conflicts.
Decisional – The top management of Arash Motor Company have power to make
decision as per their insights and task that may be favour of some selected employees.
Organisational change – Whenever organisation get ready to accept the changes that
management provide chances to some employees who are highly skilled and talented that show a
partiality between employees which create conflicts and reduces the organisational performance
in changing environment (Konada and Suman, 2017).
Task 2
P2 How content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
Motivation is the activity that is highly important for employees as it increases the working
capacity of them and supports to work more well (Zaira and Hadikusumo, 2017). The
management of organisation is applying the different motivational theory that uses to motivate
the staff and increase the working in organisation by delivering better quality of service.
4

Motivation is the process that initiating, guides and maintain the goal oriented that helps to
manage the working and increase the profitability. In context to Arash Motor Company,
managers are using the content and process theory of motivation that helps to motivate the
employees and increase the working that are as defined:
Content theory of motivation – This theory of motivation is related to filling the needs and
wants of their employees that helps to complete the task and attain the business objectives.
Herzberg theory – This is two factor motivation theory that consider Hygiene and
motivational factors have affected the employees and getting the task complete. The Arash
Motor Company is using this theory that are as explained:
Hygiene factor – This factor is related to job satisfaction of employees that can
motivates and increase the workings. In context to Arash Motor Company, management are
focusing on pay, companies policies, fringe benefits, job satisfaction, status and interpersonal
relations and physical working condition that helps to maintain the good performance (Grobler
and Joubert, 2020).
Motivational factor – This is defined as positive satisfaction that motivates employees
who are working by satisfying the psychological needs that increases organisational productivity.
In Arash Motor Company management are recognising, growth and promotional opportunities
that maintain high performance. This increases organisational production and profitability.
Alderfer theory- This is motivational theory that uses by organisation in order to
motivate the employees and get completion of task. Arash Motor Company is using this theory
that are as defined:
Existence needs: The management of Arash Motor Company are focusing on basic
needs of employees in relation to physiological and physical needs.
Relatedness needs: This involves aspiration that have interpersonal relationship with
employees that helps to increase the working and maintain good performance.
Growth needs : These are as defined self-development and personal growth and
advancement that can help to increase the workings. In context to Arash Motor Company,
employees are growing their activities and perform their functions that increase working.
Process theory of motivation – The relation of process theory is motivating the employees
by focusing on operating condition, employees goals, filling needs and expectancy that can
motivates employees and getting the work done.
5

Vroom expectancy theory – This theory stated that performance, outcome by performing
activities that can helps to increase the working, abilities and experience that maintain the
performance. This involves:
Expectancy: This involves ide and expectancy by increasing the amount of efforts which
increases performance. Arash Motor Company is having right resources, skills and necessary
support that get the job done.
Instrumentality: This defined as idea which perform the activities in better that maintain
the outcome by clearing understanding by maintaining good relation between performance and
outcome (Alia, Zumrahb and Nazlic, 2017).
Valance: This is defined as perceived values that puts the outcome by influencing
employees and getting the work done and maintain activities properly. Arash Motor Company
is creating values and beliefs that manage the performance.
Adam’s Equity Theory – This theory is given by Adam for the purpose of motivating the
employees by maintaining fair balance between employee’s inputs that increases working and
provide satisfaction by working properly. In Arash Motor Company, employees is having hard
skills, work, acceptance, enthusiasm that increases working and motivate employees. This helps
to maintain good effectiveness. The managers are providing salary, intangibles, benefits and so
on which uses to deliver best quality of cars and services.
Therefore, management of Arash Motor Company are using the motivational theories that
inspire employees which helps to increase the organisational working and maintain the high
profitability. The managers are focusing on activities by applying theories by filing needs and
wants so they can perform their functions effectively and maintain the good performance.
Task 3
P3 Explanation how effective and ineffective team working
In organisation, people are working collectively as a team which improve organisational
productivity and profitability. Team is defined as group of individuals who are working together
to attain their business goals This is important for organisation all employees should be proper
communicated and coordinated effectively that increases performance and manage the activities.
Team are determined as effective and ineffective team that are who are performing different
roles and responsibilities which helps to perform the task effectively and mange the functions.
6

The types of organisational teams are:
Functional: This type of team are operating the functions on daily basis that helps to
maintain the working and increase the performance.
Problem solving: Whenever any problem arises then management are required to solve
the problems which retain the employees and maintain the workings.
Project team – This is another type of team which is prepared for assigning the project that
have technical and managerial skills to perform all task.
In context to Arash Motor Company, teams are as differentiated:
Effective team Ineffective team
This means people who are working
collectively in order to attain the common
goals and objectives.
In this, the people who are working in
organisation are not working collectively and
not focusing on goals.
The team of Arash Motor Company is
playing the role of plant who bring new ideas
and thoughts to perform the task.
The ineffective team are not coming with new
ideas and innovation (Watson, 2017).
The team of organisation is working under the
role of coordinator that helps to maintain the
coordination between employees.
This type of people thinking about themselves
and not coordinating with employees that
reduces the organisational productivity.
The team of Arash Motor Company is using Belbin’s typology that are as defined:
Action oriented:
Shaper: in this role, the team member of Arash Motor Company is solving the queries
by giving answers and bring the creation that helps to perform well.
Implementer: The team of organisation implement new ideas and thoughts in
organisational performance by brining self discipline and implementation of plans.
Thought oriented:
Plant: The management and leaders of selected organisation are working as plant who
come up with new ideas in activities and maintain the performance by accepting challenges
(Englart, 2019).
People oriented:
7

Coordinator: The team and members of Arash Motor Company are playing the role of
coordinator who sharing of ideas from one department to another so all working can done
effectively.
Team worker: Team of chosen organisation are working as diplomatic way by
maintaining good performance and increases workings.
Team development theory – This theory is given by Bruce Tuckman for the purpose of stating
how to develop a team and improve organisational performance.
Forming: This step is uses by Arash Motor Company for thinking about changes and
providing proper guidance to employees so challenges can be accepted (Pluháček and et. al.,
2020).
Storming: Before implementing changes in organisation, there is need of collecting the
information firstly which can help to increase the working and deliver new model of cars.
Norming: This step is related to acceptance of changes in Arash Motor Company by
performing different roles and responsibilities which helps to maintain the good performance.
Performing: In this, all activities and changes are implemented by management of
chosen organisation which support to attainment of shared vision, mission and goals effectively.
Task 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational within organisational context
Theories in relation to business are adopted by organisation in case of facing the
difficulties and situation that has affected the business negatively. This is important for all
organisation to identify the situation which arises in organisation and maintain the good
performance by delivering the best quality of products and services.
Conflicts
In context to Arash Motor Company, conflicts such as not enough resources are arises that
is reducing the organisational productivity. The management of organisation are facing the
situation of not enough resources for manufacturing cars as suppliers have increase the cost of
raw material and less of capital that affecting the business.
For solving the conflicts Path Goal Theory is uses by management that are as defined:
Path-Goal Theory
8

It means best style and methods which can be adopted by a leader that are suitable for the
employees of the organization and help in achievement of goals, targets and objectives of the
enterprise. A manager who can use this theory very well will lead the firm with example.
Determination of employee and environmental characteristics
In Arash Motor Company, employees are engineer who have technical, mechanical and
other skills that can help to increase the organisational working by accepting challenges. The
management of such company bring innovation and new technology that can motivate
employees as they get training and development which increases business performance and
accept the changes. The working environment of organisation is very effective that helps to
introduce the changes and bring innovation in their process that helps to complete the working.
Having proper resources, capital, time, capability, raw material and etc. can support the
employees of chosen organisation that supports to work and manage the activities.
Selection of leadership style
Four Styles of Path-Goal Theory-
The directive path-goal clarifying leader behaviour- Here, The leader gives specific
instructions and directions to his subordinates by telling them what to do.
The achievement-oriented leader behaviour- In this, The leader sets several
challenges, goals and targets in front of his subordinates and expects them to achieve them.
The participative leader behaviour- It involves leader involving himself in the
Decision-Making process along with his subordinates and by helping them in achievement of
objectives.
The supportive leader behaviour- Here, a leader ensures that the psychological and
emotional well-being of employees has been taken care of. In this, leaders are providing support
to employees and provide guidance to optimise the available resources (Kaplan, 2019).
From the above Supportive leadership style is uses by Arash Motor Company that is a
type of behaviour in which leaders are very much supportive towards the subordinates and
ensures that their problems and grievances have listened to and adhered to. It is needed in those
situations when the workers need to be given moral boost-up. It also increases their efficiency
and effectiveness in the organization.
Models of organisation behaviour
9

Autocratic – This model is related to managerial orientation of authority that is rigid
model. In this employees are depends on their boss and maintain the obedience and discipline.
Custodial – This model is related to economic resources with managerial orientation of
money that helps to increase the performance by meeting with security objectives.
Supportive – The relation of such model is leadership with managerial support that helps
to perform the job roles and participation accordingly. Arash Motor Company can use this as
they support their employees to work effectively by utilizing resources properly (Ullah and et.
al., 2017).
Collegial – This model is showing the relation between leadership and managerial
orientation of teamwork which helps to maintain the self-discipline. Moreover, employees of
Arash Motor Company feel obligation to uphold quality standard for maintaining the brand
image of company.
The Arash Motor Company is using the supportive model that attracts employees and uses
the resources properly and solve the conflicts which are facing by organisation. This helps to
solve the problems and increase the working challenging environment that maintain high
performance.
CONCLUSION
From the report it can be concluded that organisation behaviour stating the values, beliefs, task
and other activities which are important to run the business and completing task. The culture,
politics and power influences team and individual behaviour for maintaining the performance.
Effective and ineffective team are playing important role as they identify the goals and perform
their task accordingly. For solving conflicts in relation to organisation, path goal theory is uses
by management that helps to maintain the workings.
10

REFERENCE
Books and journal
Alia, A., Zumrahb, A.R. and Nazlic, N. N. N. N., 2017. EMPLOYEE RETENTION AS A
MEDIATOR OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TRANSFORMATIONAL
LEADERSHIP AND OCB AT THE PUBLIC SECTOR ORGANISATION IN
MALAYSIA. PROCEEDING OF ICARBSS 2017 LANGKAWI, MALAYSIA, 2017(29th),
p.102.
Englart, J., 2019. Collective Organisation. Mid 1900s. Australia. URL:
https://organizingforpower. files. wordpress. com/2009/06/working-in-
collectiveorganizations. pdf. Accessed, 15.
Ullah, F., and et. al., 2017. Connexions between the dorsomedial division of the ventromedial
hypothalamus and the dorsal periaqueductal grey matter are critical in the elaboration of
hypothalamically mediated panic-like behaviour. Behavioural brain research. 319.
pp.135-147.
Pluháček, J., and et. al., 2020. Effect of social organisation on interspecific differences in
overmarking behaviour of foals in African equids. Animal Cognition. 23(1). pp.131-140.
Konada, N. K. and Suman, K. N. S., 2017. Effect of pad and disc materials on the behaviour of
disc brake against dynamic high speed loading conditions. International Journal of
Automotive Engineering and Technologies. 6(3). pp.116-128.
Micallef, E. E., 2017. Organisation performance improvement through performance
management systems and performance-driven behavior: a case study (Master's thesis,
University of Malta).
Grobler, A. and Joubert, Y. T., 2020. The relationship between hope and optimism, ethical
leadership and person-organisation fit. South African Journal of Economic and
Management Sciences. 23(1). p.11.
Watson, T., 2017. Sociology, work and organisation. Taylor & Francis.
Kaplan, G., 2019. Australian magpie: biology and behaviour of an unusual songbird. CSIRO
publishing.
Zaira, M. M. and Hadikusumo, B. H., 2017. Structural equation model of integrated safety
intervention practices affecting the safety behaviour of workers in the construction
industry. Safety science. 98. pp.124-135.
11

(Ullah and et. al., 2017) (Kaplan, 2019) (Pluháček and et. al., 2020) (Watson, 2017)
(Zaira and Hadikusumo, 2017) (Konada and Suman, 2017) (Micallef, 2017) (Englart, 2019)
(Alia, Zumrahb and Nazlic, 2017) (Grobler and Joubert, 2020)
12