Analyzing Apple's Organizational Behavior, Culture, and Leadership

This report delves into the organizational behavior of Apple, examining its culture, leadership, and their impact on the company's success. It analyzes the application of theoretical models such as Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Handy's Culture Model to understand employee motivation and organizational structure. The report explores Apple's organizational values, principles, and the influence of Steve Jobs' leadership style. It discusses the different types of organizational culture, including role, power, person, and task cultures, and how they relate to Apple's practices. The analysis covers the company's current position, past moves, and the relationship between its culture and business success. The report concludes with opinions, arguments and recommendations to the task.

Organizational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
ANALYSIS-....................................................................................................................................4
Application of theoretical model............................................................................................4
Analyzing companies’ current position and what were their past moves-.............................8
DISCUSSION .................................................................................................................................9
Organisational values and principles followed by Apple.......................................................9
Type of culture and theory applied ......................................................................................12
Opinion and arguments.........................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is study of the human behaviour in the organizational setting,
interface among organization and human behaviour and organization itself. Its main aim is to
research behaviour of individual employee primarily in their organizational role. Organisation
culture plays significant role in its growth and development. This is because it consists of a
framework which include values, beliefs, ethics, etc. followed in company. In addition to it, staff
behaviour is highly impacted by culture. Furthermore, culture is developed by following ethics
and values. However, there are several concepts and theories of organisation behaviour that is
applied. They give insight on how that is applied and what outcomes is generated. Organizational
politics refer to the variety of activities and process that consist with the influencing of
organizational and personal interest in improving the tactics in organization. Where power in the
organization refer to the authority in an organization, that affect the thoughts, have ability to
influence other employees by its process.
In every organisation there is a specific organisational culture followed. The culture
depicts value, ethics, behaviour, etc. of employees and managers. However, the management and
leadership style reflect what type of culture is followed. Moreover, organisation success highly
depends on its culture. This is because culture helps in attaining goals and objectives. Apart from
it, culture reflect diversity, employee satisfaction, environment, etc. of company. Along with it,
organisation values are its actions and views. They are employee safety, development, growth,
etc. It is essential to form policies and procedures which state the way in which roles and
responsibilities are assigned.
Apple is a very successful company. They are market leaders in technology and
innovation. The main reason behind this is culture of Apple. Due to this, company employee
performance is increasing. Therefore, this case is taken to identify the relationship between
company success and organisation culture. Furthermore, it will enable in evaluating impact of
culture of success of business. Moreover, it will relate model, concepts, theories, etc. that are
followed by Apple. Also, there is need to examine whether organisation culture is beneficial in
developing a successful culture or not. Besides that, why issue related to culture impact on
success of business. The case is taken to examine that what role does Steve jobs played as a
leader to Apple. Moreover, how he led a team and what values and ethics were followed. there
will be detailed analysis of what theory and concept were applied. In addition to it, what

leadership style was followed by Steve Jobs and how it influenced or impacted on employees of
Apple. Similarly, how staff were trained and what was their perception regarding the
organisation. also, how change was implemented by leaders within company and how it led to
product development. Basically, case will reflect how Apple developed its organisation values.
The case will reflect on employee behaviour, performance, growth, etc. within Apple and how it
evolved in them. The values and belief are self developed by a person. Likewise, it is applied in
company.
The above report is on the case that smartphone industry just before 2010 when there are
various entrants along with Apple holding innovator role. So, companies had experimented for
organizing workforce in very different manner and try to motivate employee by various
incentives. At that time companies need to motivate and encourage their employee so that they
could work for the betterment of company. There is huge competition in the market and their
products and companies are not much popular they need more huge attraction toward company's
product. Companies also need to enhance their performance but this could only be done when
their employees are motivated and encouraged. For this they could use several motivational
techniques and incentives so that they keep on working for company's growth and development.
It is very essential for an organization to provide positive and healthy work environment to their
employees so that they could work for achieving company's overall goals and objectives. The
report includes application of theoretical model. Analyzation where company stand right now or
what are their past steps. Report ends with providing opinions and recommendation to the task.
ANALYSIS-
Application of theoretical model
Maslow's Motivational Theory-
It is one of the most popular need theory which is proposed by Abraham Maslow's
hierarchy of need theory. It states that motivation is result of individual's attempt for fulfilling
the five basic need that are physiological, safety, social, esteem and self-actualization. As per the
theory, these particular needs could create an internal pressure which can influence an
individual's behaviour.
Physiological needs :
These needs are at lowest order and most basic need of the human being. These also
involves satisfying fundamentals biological drives, that can be need for air, food, cloth, water

and shelter generally. Particular need has an extreme effect on the behaviour of human-being.
So, employees are motivated for working in company to have economic reward so that their
basic need and demands could be fulfilled (Podsakoff And et.al., 2018). If company renders the
economic rewards to their employees then they will be further motivated and encouraged to work
for the betterment of company.
Safety and Security Needs:
It is the second stage of need in the Maslow's hierarchy which is emerged once
physiological need that are need to be met. Safety need include need for the secure environment,
free from the threat of psychological and physical harm. These needs include desire that are
protection from the physical danger and economic security. And for fulfilling these needs it
requires more money and thus an individual is motivated to work for company's overall success.
The company could motivate their employees by providing them monetary benefit so that they
could get fulfil their safety and security needs.
Social Needs:
Man is the social animal. These needs, however, refer to the belongingness or the
affiliation. All the individual need to be accepted and recognized by the others. Thus, company
should motivate their employee and allow there employee with work environment where they
feel valued and recognized by their employers. Employees could not feel alone, depressed and
isolated. Apple must make efforts that their employee knows each other, encourage cooperative
team work among employees (Borkowski, 2016). This is helpful for employees to promote good
work and life balance thus organizational goal and objective could be effectively archived. Social
needs of employee must be fulfilled by employers if they want to motivate and boost up
employees.
Esteem Needs:
This refers to need for the self-esteem and respect. With self-respect that are being
slightly more essential than achieving admiration and respect from the others. Apple could offer
their employee recognition and praise when their employees do good and well. They can also
provide promotions and additional responsibility to their employee so that they will feel valued
by their employer. They will further work for the growth and success of company. If employees
are feel valued then they will be motivated to work for the betterment of company (Kim,
Ployhart and Gibson, 2018). Thus, company could effectively compete with its rivals in

marketplace. The employees become more productive when they are boost up by their
employees.
Self-actualization Needs:
This need describes an individual's need for reaching his or her potentials. This need is
individualized the manager of Apple company must have taken in account for need by rendering
challenging work to the employees so that they can show their talent and could perform
extraordinary and could have well performance. They must invite employee to participate in the
decision-making so that they feel valued and recognized by company and further they work for
organization's success. By giving them flexibility and autonomy in their jobs is helpful for
company to retain them with company for long term. Encouraged and motivated employees are
helpful for company to gain competitive advantage among rivals in marketplace effectively.
This from this theory it can be indicated organization could achieve its goal and objective
effectively if their employees are motivated and encouraged. If needs of an individual in
organization is not fulfilled then they could not be productive resource for company. Company
needs to fulfil their employees need so that they could be boosted positively (Vasu, Stewart and
Garson, 2017). All needs to be fulfilled as this could be done by company to compete with its
rivals in marketplace with its competitors and develop a brand image. Motivated employees are
always work loyal with company and thus this employee is helpful for company's overall growth
and development.
Handy's Culture Model-
The Handy Model of Organizational Culture is developed by the Charles Handy and
Roger Harrison. Based on the two dimensions, they had followed several organizations and
further examined how power was distributed and particular level of the cooperation. In the grid
view, power distribution from low to the high is being placed on y-axis, and level of the
cooperation from low to the high is placed on x-axis. Different combination then further result in
four various organizational culture. Power distribution is all about extent to which top of
company is open to the working with either top-down or bottom-up approach (Gelfand and et.al.,
2017). Cooperation level, is about degree of the cooperation among several departments and
employees. The combination of two dimension result in four culture in organization that is- Role
culture, Power culture, Person culture and task culture.
Role Culture-

This culture is highly job-oriented and could often found in the bureaucratic organization.
It is also known as Apollo culture, which is name of Greek god of art and wisdom. In this
culture, employee needs as much as stability and security as possible. Culture is known for their
strict rule, obligation, procedure and agreement. There is clear hierarchy and status which is most
essential then performance. This applies to the both individual along with communication among
department. Key word for the role culture are stability, safety, predictability and conservatism.
Power Culture:
Power Culture is characteristic of entrepreneurial company. For example, small start-up
where power lie within founder or highest boss. This type of organization has flat structure and is
lead by the charismatic leader. Entrepreneur has founded their organization with love and there
decision-making and delegating task have become difficult for them. Hence, there employee
helped in building company and are loyal to company and each other. Cooperation is very
essential in a company with power culture. It is referred to as Zeus culture, named after supreme
god of the ancient Greek. In this culture, the highest power also lies with the top figure.
Employees are always loyal to the company's leader. As company had flat structure and start-up
nature of company, there are few procedures and regulations. So, the company is highly flexible.
Person Culture:
Person Culture could find in the professional company in which employee had complete
independence, and are educated and cold work with their own areas of expertise. This type of
firm can be law firm, academic research or health company team. Person culture is individual-
oriented and could also refer to Dionysus culture, after Greek god of pleasure, dance,
immortality and wine. Company is entirely in the service of individual who are working there. It
is about expertise and knowledge of employee, who are referred to as “member of company”.
Number of employees in a company are usually small and individual is central (Kinicki and
Fugate, 2017). There are few procedures and rules in this type of companies. It is unclear that
who is having the final responsibility, thus there could be coordination problem with this type of
company. Generally, person culture is rare. Hence, company would shift towards one of another
typology of cultural.
Task Culture:
Many of the projects or matrix company have task culture, which is usually result-
oriented. Task culture is referred to as an Athena culture, who are like Apollo is known for their

wisdom. Employees are experienced professional and are problem solving oriented. They wanted
to complete their project or task correctly. They rely on their self expertise and that on their
colleagues. Task culture company often develop temporary team, in which cooperation's is
paramount. Hierarchical power is not essentially connected to particular person, but overall it is
spread over entire organization. Results are necessary than rule, balance of power or person's
individual need. Flexibility and expertise are central and the coordination depend on project or
task needs. For example, deadline or high-quality end results.
Thus, it can state that the organizational culture also plays a major role in motivating
employees. If the company have a positive work culture then their workers will be motivated and
work for the betterment of company. Employees are encouraged for working in appropriate and
positive culture then they could have work for gaining the organizational goal and objective.
Culture of organization also had emphasis on an employee if employee feel under pressure then
they could not be able to work freely and this will directly reflected on their work (Van
Knippenberg and Hogg, 2018). It is very necessary for a company to encourage their employees
by having a good working culture within organization which somehow helpful for them to gain
huge success. Motivated employees are helpful for a company to gain competitive advantage
across marketplace.
Analyzing companies’ current position and what were their past moves-
Apple is American multinational technological company. It is one of the big four
technology organization that are Google, Amazon and Facebook. Company had its retail stores
in over 500+ stores at various location. The revenue of Apple is US$265.595 billion this state
that company is gaining huge profit and revenue from its operations. There are more than
137,000 employees working with company. In 2018, Apple has also become first public US
company to be valued at over $1 trillion. It is located at 24 countries. Company also has huge
level of the brand loyalty and is also ranked as most valuable brand globally.
While just-released product could not hit revolutionary bar which is set by Apple. But
they had enhanced functionality so that more and more consumers are motivated to buy product.
They had applied forward thinking into their organisational; work culture and product so that
consumer and employees both are motivated by company. Company had invested in the new
platform and acquiring various aspect of supply chain for creating new parts by their own
(Tasselli, Kilduff and Landis, 2018). They had implemented several motivational techniques in

their company so that their employee feels encouraged and could work better for the
accomplishment of goal and objective of company. They further had also implemented a positive
work culture which allows employees to work with positive attitude and have good working in
the tasks. Company is further decided to move further and focusing on service over hardware.
They are hiring more jobs with hardware and software so that they can strongly emphasis on
these criteria ahead and could gain maintain its brand loyalty among marketplace and its
competitors.
DISCUSSION
Organisational values and principles followed by Apple.
Accessibility
Apple is the enterprise that is one of the most customer driven brand and it attract the
customer due to their wide range of product attributes and quality of commodities. Apple is the
organisation of which esteem inclusive of the terms as Openness, training, condition
incorporation, decent variety and obligation of provider. Therefore, Kinicki and Fugate, (2017)
stated that the first esteem of this quoted entity is openness. It is entity that is highly engaged in
the process of innovation that aids to influenced the working of the enterprise in the huge
context. As per the view of stated that the another product attribute of the Apple is the I watch
this commodity has varied advancement as workout and activity application track pushes.
Education-
This is the second esteem of Apple. Therefore, the enterprise as Apple is continually
looking forward to enhance the sustainability within the market. This is the enterprise that has
diminished the carbon discharge and this entity is continually looking forward to move ahead in
market by undertaking the approach of innovation. According to the view of Kinicki and Fugate,
(2017) stated that this brand is continuously taking the steps towards to undertaking the programs
as to given focus on proficient learning, attaining and undertaking the progression direction to
each school in order to encounter the power.
Environment
The Their esteem of Apple can be termed out as the Environment. The large number of
the Apple offices largely focus on keep running of the sustainable power source within the 23

nations. It is the enterprise that is looking forward to reduce the carbon discharge and this aids to
enhance the brand recognition in more advanced manner. Therefore, Vasu, Stewart, and Garson,
(2017) stated that the another plan of action is as Apple clean water program enable the office to
reduce the utilisation of water and to avert the water contamination within the store network. On
the other hand, this enterprise is continually looking over to investigate the approach that helps to
build bundling littler and to use the reused paper at any point they can.
Diversity-
The fourth esteem of Apple is consideration and diversity. Therefore, the quoted
enterprise is one of the most creative enterprise and this develops the innovation that aids to gain
high competitive advancement. This is the enterprise that is focus over the diversified approach
so that better advancement within the entity can be undertaken and this aids to build competitive
advancement.
Security-
This is one of the very crucial factor that aids to determine the success of the quoted
enterprise. It can also be termed out as the fifth esteem of the Apple. As per the view of stated
that Security and protection are one of the key element to this enterprise. Thus, customer like the
product of this brand just due to protection of data and high level of security. This is the
enterprise that has given the wide range of the designers tools such as application transport
security, encryption etc., and this all can help to construct the secure application. It is the
enterprise that expects the engineers to request the authorisation before getting to the individual
data such as contacts and photographs.
Responsibility
The 6th esteem of the Apple is termed out as the provider duty. It is the entity that needs
to sets the exclusive requirements and also enables the provides to meet them. This is the brand
that takes the initiation to make the supplier code of conduct and diagrams the gauge that aids to
make the secure working conditions, treating specialist and to undertake the utilisation that aids
to undertake the better capable practices. This is the firm that set the high standards and also help
their suppliers to meet out the desired goals. In order to develop the effective advancement, this
enterprise has develop the supplier code of conduct that outlines the standards that creates the
effective and safe working conditions, to treat the working in fair and effective manner and to
have the use of the environment responsible practices that aids to take the organisational

performance in effective and efficient manner. In term to comply with the supplier code of
conduct the suppliers of the enterprise needs to meet the needs of the supplier responsibility
standards that details to meet out the local laws, firm policies, cultural norms and business
practices around the world. It is entity that is committed to undertake responsible sourcing and
work to ensure that enterprise is not creating any things that could arise the situation of conflict.
Within the year, 2013 the Apple has established the EHS academy that address the shortage of
environment, safety expertise that aids to educate the local manager over the issue of
environmental protection and air pollution.
Company development-
Apple is considered to be one of the huge effective organisation and this is core
advancement that gas developed the organisation culture. Therefore, the quoted enterprise is
continually looking forward to develop the innovative approach and this also adapts the
agreeable environment. Thus, workers who works under this enterprise wore the Apple Logo's
garments and they work in collaborative manner with each other. Therefore, this is the enterprise
that underscore the aggressiveness, take further steps to accomplishing the results and carry out
lot of innovative approaches to development innovation within the commodities. Apple is
inclusive of the advanced androcracy culture within the enterprise with the use of non-stop
ground braking and new workplace that aids to build high advancement tools.
Employee development-
The providers of the Apple is continually looking forward to undertake self awareness
programme that aids to undertake the business activities in crucial and effective manner. The
quoted enterprise has used wide range of focused advancement bundle for its full time corporate
representatives. Therefore, this can be stated that by undertaking four cultures and by knowing
the value of employee satisfaction the chosen enterprise has created an extensive and competitive
welfare bundle for corporate employees. In addition to it, the benefits inclusive as vision
insurance, wellness insurance, life insurance, dental consonant insurance, disablement
insurance, maternity and paternity leave, paid time off etc. These are the core advancement that
aids to provide the core benefits to the employees. It leads to enhance the morale of employees
and firm perform their working in well and advanced manner.

Type of culture and theory applied
As per the view of Borkowski, (2016) stated that company culture is termed out as the
values, beliefs and actions that influences the thoughts and actions. Apple has developed the rich
organisation culture and the advancement of this enterprise is build on the set of beliefs,
assumption, norms and values that all shared by the enterprise. This is the enterprise that
continually looking over to undertake the plan of action that aids to enhance the use of
innovation and carry out the better organisational performance. Thus, one of the main reason of
this organisation is its effective culture that develops the overall working effective and
streamlines the business performance.
Effective company culture within each enterprise top carry out the business activities
effectively and efficiently. Apple is worldwide technological firm that innovates the
commodities and services with help of having better environmental practices. Apple is very
effective in the culture practices as this put their major focus on the effort of the employees. In
addition to this, it can be stated that the company culture plays the one of the crucial
advancement as this aids to develop the high potential of the business enterprise. Therefore, the
culture of the enterprise is categorised into the main four categorise as market, clan, hierarchy
and androcracy.
Under this, the hierarchical culture of the enterprise is mainly categorise as formal and
structured manner with long term concerns such as stability, efficiency and predictability etc.
This is the structure that needs to be developed to undertake the better and improved culture
within the enterprise.
In the market culture the enterprise is mainly focussing over the external environment
such as the suppliers, customer other than the internal affair of the enterprise. It is the culture that
put their major focus on the productivity and competitiveness within the market.
According to the view of Podsakoff and et.al., (2018) stated that the clan culture of the
enterprise can be defined as the contrast of both hierarchy and market cultures. Therefore, this
put major focus over the teamwork, employee involvement programs and enhance the
commitment within the employees. Additionally, the clan culture within the enterprise is looking
over for to motivates the employees to undertake better practices.
As per the view of Kim, Ployhart and Gibson, (2018) stated the androcracy is the culture
that put their large focus on undertaking the innovation and pioneering the activities that leads to