Organizational Behaviour: Culture, Power, and Motivation at David & Co

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behavior within David & Co Limited, a food and beverage company. It explores the impact of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance. The report examines how Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Handy's model influence workplace dynamics. It also investigates the use of legitimate, expert, and coercive power within the organization. Furthermore, the report delves into motivation theories, including Vroom's expectancy theory and Maslow's hierarchy of needs, and how they are applied to enhance employee performance. The report also includes a discussion on effective team management strategies and their contribution to organizational success. The analysis highlights the significance of aligning employee needs with company objectives to foster a positive and productive work environment. The report concludes with a summary of key findings and recommendations for improving organizational effectiveness.

Organizational
behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................3
TASK1..................................................................................................................................................3
P1organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK2..................................................................................................................................................5
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organisational context.............................................................................5
TASK3..................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Effective team as different to an ineffective team.........................................................................7
TASK4..................................................................................................................................................8
P4 concept and philosophy in organization behaviour.......................................................................8
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................10
Books and journals..........................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is that part of management which deals with maintains of
culture, politics and power in firm. This will aid in guiding the behaviour of individual as well
as group of employees which directly aid performance of employees which will increase
firms profits and facilitate growth for long term period. This will also help in promotion of
leadership as well as management in firm for better coordination. in the present report , the
chosen company is David & co limited, it is dealing in food and beverages , the main
focused product of firm are , fruit and vegetables and some ready to eat items a. firm is
basically medium type enterprise. In this report impact of culture, politics and power will be
performance of firm will be identified. How firm can use effective team management which
can help firm in getting advantage in long run. It will also identified that how can firm use
number of theory’s which help in motivation of employees and will lead in success of firm
and with motivated employees (Piszczek, 2017).
TASK1
P1organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.
Firm’s culture is inners formation and culture of firm which runs employee behaviour
and consists of ethics, believes and positivity in environment for influencing work and
motivates employees on regular basis. Firm have to clearly measure what is the policy of firm
which it has to manage for smooth functioning of firm with efficient flow of information.
There are number of theory’s which can help firm in motivation of employees and leads in
success of origination, one of this theory is explained below:
Hofstead cultural dimensions models
Culture is consists of knowledge, beliefs, values and thoughts which are related to
employees meetings and relationships in the originations which are important for maintains
of good working environment in firm. This will also helpful in maintains of working
environment and will leads to comfortable in positive attitude in business functions and
operations.
Masculinity vs. femininity: this is related to difference in culture according to gender
in firm. This sated that there must be both type of gentled in firm for maintenance of good
culture and positive environment in firm. In context David & co limited, there is perfect
balance between male and female ratio because males do works which are related to weight
and female do the work related to management or operational.
Individualism vs. collectivism: this point states that firm should use cooperative
efforts rather than individual efforts because this will help firm in making polices as larger
level. In A David & CO they always pay attention to supportive in collective environment
which will help in more growth and building number of opportunities for firm.
Uncertainty avoidance Index: business is surrounded by dynamic situations which
is consist of dynamic situations and this concept states that for maintain of good culture firm
have to prepare itself against there uncertainty. This will help A David & CO in avoidance of
uncertainties and will lead to secured future of firm.

Long term orientation: This is directly related to creation and maintains of good
relationship between employees for achievement of positive output from increase in
performance of employee this also help A David & CO in getting its employee motivated all
with increase working efficiency.
Handy’s model of organisation culture
Power culture: This culture states that power will remain in hands of some people where
they have full authority in there hand and take organisation decision according to their needs
and requirement. Manager of A David & CO are have maintained firms authority in there
hand third will help firm in maintains of staff this will also help in decision making and will
lead to firm success. Low supply of authority also was leads in employee dissatisfaction and
will lose the productivity from firm. This will also facilitate act in low level management s
employee are unable take decision in any situation because of lack of authority in their hands.
Firm have to be more conscious when it is using this type of culture in origination (Nazir and
Islam, 2017).
Task culture: This is related to formation of good team which will help manager to
achieve the objectives of firm as well as targets of employees. This will facilitate in employee
personal development .this will also give opportunity for development of personal relations in
firm. For this A David & CO forming teams as per there requirement and maximise profit of
firm as well increase productivity in firm. With this culture a manager of an organisation can
increase performance of employees.
Person culture: This is culture is associated with employees of firm where they feel
that they are most important part of origination. Here the more impacts are made on
employees and their development. This Can be used by A David & CO as they can
implement number of changes in there origination involve them in functioning of firm.
Role culture: This is that type of culture where authority is passed by manager to
employees this is the culture where employees have right to take some decisions on their own
basis. In context of A David & CO firma provided employees some roles with little amount
of authority which is adequate to solve that particular task.
This all will help A David & CO in reaching to its targets with fuller use of resources
of origination with greater number of profitability.
Powers
Organisational power is defined as the ability to influence the behaviour of employees
and motivate them to perform in firm for achievement rotational goals. This has its direct
impact on behaviour of employee which guides them to work in different workplace. For this
manger of A David & CO firm will use the methods which are mentioned below:
Legitimate power: the main focus of this is position always brings some power
which help manger in guiding employees in origination. in case of A DAVID & CO it can
be said that there are number os such case came where it can be seen that firm is using this

power as manger execute its power when there is huge burden of work on firm or peek time
(Nastiezaie, Jenaabadi and Noruzikuhdasht, 2017).
Expert power: these powers are base on special skills and knowledge of persons and
come with it. Here in A David & CO this power also reality in hands of manager as they are
highly skilled who know have to handle the situations which are not controllable by
employees. This also solve complex problem of dynamic business environment.
Coercive powers: this is power which is adopted by business firm for complying
with rules and regulations for establishment of better control over the organizational
activities. In context of A David & CO this is used to make new rules in firm and implement
them on employees for their benefits as well as keeping firm goals as prime task.
Organizational politics
Politics is that part of firm which is informal impact on thoughts and ideas of employees this
have negative impact on firms if it is used as negative senesce as it can destroy relations of
employees because of rice in conflicts between employees. But if it is used for positively then
it will bring positive changes I firm like increase in confidence among staff and will provide
good productivity ion firm. In origination both type of politics can be seen employees. In
context of A David & CO manager should focused in positive politics in firm as it is a
medium origination where there are limited employees so firm have to help them in establish
sound relations in firm. This will aid it in increase the participation of employees as well as
their personal needs will also get fulfilled (Nastiezaie and Jenaabadi, 2016).
TASK2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organisational context
Motivation is the process of influencing the behaviour of employees with the help of
incentives for achievement of organizational goals and objectives, this is an inner dealing to
do some work with fuller efficiency. For motivation in organization, manager of A David &
CO is using both content theory and process theory in origination for motivation in
employees (Mitchell, 2018).
Process theory of motivation: this is that theory which helps the manager to motivate
employees with help of internal motivation process. Manager of A David & CO use Vroom’s
expectancy theory so that it can motivate their employees within working environment.
Vroom’s theory
Valence: It refers to that value which an employee is using according to management
of employee motivation with help of values which are important for employee. There are
number of believes which employees have in its working life. All its needs can be fulfils by
some incentives. Like promotion and bonus. This will also encourage employee’s ain firm.

Instrumentally: on this factor they key focused is paid on employees within the origination ,
here the personal objectives of employees will also be achieved according to needs of them
with combining their objectives with firm objectives , in A David & CO they use to motivate
their employees with this formula and maintain good working environment in firm (Lyu,
2016).
Expectancy: It is the last factor in this term as the author said that some employs are
expecting that performance that will motivate them to achieve forms goals and objectives
with minimising the risk associated with it, there are number of factors which can influence
employees of organization. This helped A David & CO in motivating its employees with
providing them opportunities in firm.
Content theory of motivation
These are those theories of motivation which help manger of firm in deal with its
staff’s motivation by filling there needs or with the help of changing their behaviour and style
in firm. This will also help firm in getting what firm want and will lead in higher productivity
because of motivated workers in firm. Here A David & CO firm used the Maslow’s
hierarchy theory for motivation of employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy Theory: This theory was founded by the American philosopher
Abraham Maslow in the year 1950. At every level, they emphasised on fulfilling the need and
wants of employees for motivating them to accomplishing goal within stipulated period of
time (Kaplan and Owings, 2017).
In context of A David & CO Limited the supervisor satisfy all demand of employees at each
level that helps them in performing their work in better way. There are different stages which
included in the Maslow theory that is going to be mentioned below:
Physiological need: This is the first stage of Maslow need theory. It involves all the
basic requirement which is must for the survival of the person. It involves food, shelter,
water, air and so on. In reference of A David & CO Limited, the supervisor of this company
emphasised on fulfilling all the basic requirement of subordinates for accomplishing
objective in short span of time.
Safety & security Needs: After satisfy the basic need, it is necessary to fulfil the safety need
of the employees in order to perform their work in better way. It includes different need such
as health insurance, medical benefits, job security and so on. In relation of A David & CO
Limited, the manager of this company focuses on providing protection to employees in order
to motivate them toward work (Gao‐Urhahn, Biemann and Jaros, 2016).
Social Needs: After satisfying basic and security need it is essential to fulfil the social
need of the staffs. In reference of A David & CO Limited, the manager fulfil the social and
belongingness need of an individual person for maintaining healthy environment within
workplace.

Esteem Needs: This requirement arise when all need of an individual person is
fulfilled. It embraces prestige, status, self-respect and so on. In relation of A David & CO
Limited, the manager offer incentive and appraisal to its employees for motivating them.
Self-Actualization Needs: In this level, the self-Actualisation need of an individual
person is achieved. The superior of A David & CO Limited emphasised on the task which is
performed by employees in order to satisfy their needs.
TASK3
P3 Effective team as different to an ineffective team
Teams are the important part of any organization this is because they perform different task
in firm which can only be possible with group efforts and will lead to success of firm’s
operation in long run. Team can be said as group of individuals who came together in group
for making effective team which have combination of different ability of different employees
(Dipboye, 2016).
Effective team: Skills and talent of employees are managed together to perform a
particular task where all employees performs that task in effective manner with achievement
of goals and objectives this is known as effective team.
Ineffective team: this is just different from effective team. Here employees are
unable to cooperate with each other and this will lead in difficulty in achievement of
objectives of firm.
Difference between effective and ineffective team
Effective team Ineffective team
Here all the actives are dividing in employees
equally according to their ability to perform
particular task, so member are directed
towards objectives of firm and there key
focus is to achieve them.
There is no perfect distribution of work that’s
why employees are not directed towards
goals of firm because loos in their morale.
In this every decision is taken by taking
concern form very employee of enterprise.
This will also leads in development of
employees with organization.
Here all the decision is taken by the leaders
only. There is no involvement of employees
in decisions. Which also demotivate them.
These are some basic difference in both the team which can be analyse by A David &
CO firm in its function and can use team effectively.
Tuckman Theory of team development:
in 1965 tuckman founded this theory, the main objective of theory is to develop
effective team which can help firm in achievement of firms goals and objective.by following
some stages which are mentioned below:

Forming: It is the first step in this process where firm use to collect all the team
member of teams which are require to form an effective team for performing in
origination .here all the quality of different people are combined to get maximum output.
Storming: Here, information related to task and work of every member will be
provided to them. This will help them in identifying their roles in team.
Norming: Here rules and regulations are made for performing in firm. and use
resources without their wastage. It is taking starting of teamwork (Chan and Lai, 2017).
Performing: Here the performance of team member will be seen where they start
doing their work which is assigned to them in organization.
Adjourning: this is the last step in this process where employee will get separated
after the achievement of objectives or completion of task for which team is made.
It helps the manager of company in resolving the conflicts arise within business
organisation. The supervisor of A David & CO can use this method to form an effective
team which can help medium type firm like it in managing its operations for long term.
TASK4
P4 concept and philosophy in organization behaviour
Organisational behaviour is that concept which is related to interaction between the
company and its employees. There are number of philosophes which can help firm in getting
know what firm can de for its employees and managing Organisational culture and polices.
Here are some points which are motioned below:
Business Condition: In relation of A David & CO culture is not so good and
company is not performing according to needs of top level management which also leads in
mismanagement and lacking behind in achievement of firms goals and objectives. this will
also decrease the chances of firm where it can’t able to get maximum output form its
resources because of lack in motivation in firm there are number of opportunity from which
firm is losing , it can use path goal theory to back on tracks which is mentioned below:
Path Goal Theory
Path goal theory is that which help firm in identifying number of theory’s which Will
help firm in return with the help of leadership in working of firm.
Categorization of Path Goal Theory
Employee Characteristics: In this manager of A David & CO can use number of
methods for increasing performance of its employees with the help of number of function.
Here firm can provide training and development to its employees and will increase their skills
and ability’s which will help firm in improving firms productivity (Aggarwal and Singh,
2016).

Environment and Task attributes: this point states that manager should modify
environment of firm according to needs of employees and help them to survive there with
their carrier advancement and personal growth. It can also use number of opportunities which
will help it him advancement of their job. It should also resolve the conflicts between
employees which can help in motivation and development of employees
Leadership Behaviour: Here the main objective of manager of A David & CO firm
is to choose a leadership method after the analyses of whole firm , it must chose that
leadership which is according to behaviour and impact of employees here factor related to
culture , power and politics in firm have to be identified by manager. There are number of
leadership styles which can be used by manger.
CONCLUSION
From the above mention topic it has been analysed that the behaviour and attitude of
an individual person imposes direct impact on the performance of business organisation. In
addition to this, how culture, politics and power affect the performance of subordinates
working in the organisation. Beside from this, there are different motivational theory adopted
by the company in order to encourage employees towards achieving goal and objective
within given period of time.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
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