Organizational Behaviour Report: Analysis of Marks & Spencer (MG414)

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the organizational behaviour of Marks & Spencer (M&S). It begins with an introduction to the company and its business operations in the retail sector. The main body of the report explores M&S's organizational culture, examining its key aspects and the factors that shape it, including leadership, the nature of the business, and stakeholder groups. It then delves into Charles Handy's theory of organizational culture, applying it to M&S and assessing how the company utilizes elements like power, role, task, and person to foster a positive work environment. The report further investigates how M&S's culture improves organizational effectiveness by examining its communication processes and management styles, including a democratic approach. Finally, the report evaluates the role of culture in employee motivation, particularly focusing on Maslow's hierarchy of needs and how M&S attempts to satisfy these needs through its organizational practices.

ORGANIZATION
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Organisation culture and theoretical model................................................................................3
Exploration of how culture improves organizational effectiveness............................................5
Evaluation of the role of culture on employee motivation..........................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is defined as analysing and understanding about the behaviour of
the business entity. This report is based on the case study of the Marks and Spencer Company in
respect to its organisation behaviour. The company initiated its business operations in the year
1884 by the founders Michael Marks and Thomas Spencer. Company is currently associated with
the retail sector and contain its headquarter at the London, United Kingdom. Organisation deal in
high quality clothing, home product and food products. Company is offering its services at
approximately 15000 business locations all across the globe. Marks and Spencer Company is
associated with mode the mode of trading that is online mode which is delivering through e-
commerce mode and the offline mode that is implemented with various stores of company. This
report will emphasis over the organisation behaviour in respect to the Marks and Spencer
company. Henceforth, report will emphasis over organisation culture and the theoretical
management. Evaluation will also do about how culture of company will improve the
effectiveness of the business entity. Furthermore, report will emphasis over the role of
organisation culture in motivating the employees at company will also demonstrate in this
project.
MAIN BODY
Organisation culture and theoretical model
Organisation culture is comprises with the certain aspects such as organisation
philosophy, expectation, experience and certain other aspects. This demonstrates as the
characteristics of the business entity that define the values it contain and all other aspects
associated with the organisation. This further comprises with the organisation culture, vision,
values, norms, symbol, language and many other aspects that can precisely justify the overall
personality of the organisation. Marks and Spencer Company is among one of the leading
business entity in the retail market (Shier, Handy and Jennings, 2019). Company contain its
business operations at a global level which allow the business entity to deal with the stakeholders
associated with across the globe. Organisation culture is among the most significant aspect and
factor that favoured the organisation to reach at this heavy success in the business environment.

Progressive nature of organisation culture could favour the company to achieve this huge level of
success in business.
Factors make up the culture of organisation
Organisation culture is a overall personality of the business entity. Following are the
factors that demonstrate about te culture business organisation could hold that can be projected in
the following points.
Leadership of company: Leadership of the organisation create a huge impact over the culture of
the company. Marks and Spencer Company hold a very progressive style of leadership that allow
the organisation to contribute in the overall cultural growth of the company (KEBEDE, 2020).
Leadership is a crucial element associated with the business entity that motivates the overall
cultural aspect of the organisation. Leadership suggest the organisation to maximise the cultural
values of the company that favour the overall cultural development of the business entity.
Nature of business: Nature of business also influences the culture of the business entity. Marks
and Spencer Company is currently associated with the retail sector that allow the organisation to
cherish the progressive style of organisation which favour the overall success and growth of the
business entity (Kwarteng and Aveh, 2018). Nature of business is also significantly affect over
the business culture of organisation as it provide a direction to the business venture for exploring
different objectives that can associated with the company.
Stakeholder group: Stakeholder group is another key mark up associated with the organisation
culture of the organisation. Marks and Spencer Company is associated with the different
stakeholder group such as management, shareholders, investors, customers, employees and many
other internal ad external stakeholders. All the stakeholders also influence the culture business
entity hold.
The above mentioned mark up is prominent factors affect over the organisation culture of
company.
Charles handy theory of organisation culture
Charles handy theory is a specific theory related to the organisation culture. This theory
is about to cherish the cultural values of the company. The theory consumes different factors or
aspects such as power, role, task and person that allow the organisation to maximise the cultural
values of company.

Power: Power is an important aspects associated with the organisation culture. Marks and
Spencer Company follow the handy cultural dimension in which company has tried to allocate
power to its work force so that best level of growth opportunities could have been created by the
business entity. Power is a significant element that favours the business venture to improve the
overall culture of company (Puncreobutr, 2017). Allocation of power on the basis of the
designated position role in organization makes it more crucial for the organisation to sustain the
work force and also to motivate positive cultural values of company.
Role: Marks and Spencer Company has allocated all different roles to its work force. The
organisation hierarchy of company is associated with the multiple hierarchies that favour the
company to appoint its human resources at different designated position roles in company. This
could improve the culture of the business entity.
Task: Marks and Spencer Company try to segregate every responsibility into task and further to
allocate the same to the employees of company. This is a crucial aspect that could improve the
culture of the company (Stavrinoudis and Kakarougkas, 2017). Allocation of task makes it more
crucial for the employees and management to achieve a smooth control over functional
responsibility of the business entity.
Person: Culture of company is only progressive and positive if its value the work force
associated with the business entity. Person is devoted to the human resources appointed at
different designated position role in company. Employee is the huge part of the organization
culture and to make the culture more progressive this is essential to value the person’s part of
company.
The above mentioned elements are a part of organisation culture. This model has
supported the management of the Marks and Spencer Company to maximise the cultural value of
company.
Exploration of how culture improves organizational effectiveness
Charles handy theory is a model which assistant managing the culture of the organisation.
Handy culture involves four different types of culture that involves role task person and power.
The first our culture involves theme culture where in the power is being centralised within the
hands of some few people only (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). This is a culture which has a
preference of decision-making in to the hands of you concentrated peoples only. Under the rule
culture the major preference of the culture is over the distribution of work according to the

specialisation of the people. The employee who is good in the task is being provided with the
same task so that they can do it effectively. Along with this t toss culture is a type of culture
where in the major focus is over completion of the task and the projects (Kondalkar, 2020). Here
are the major emphasis being let upon the team work so that the work can be effectively
undertaken and successfully being undertaken. In the end the people of personal culture is the
one wearing the employees feel that they are the only one who makes the organisation
successful. This is pertaining to the fact that people feel that they are the only one because of
which the organisation is being running.
Thus culture model is very effective for marks and Spencer in management of that
culture. The reason pertaining into the fact that help of this cultural model the communication
can also be fostered within the business. the reason underlying this factors that when any of the
type of culture and the hand is culture model is being implemented then this will improve the
organisational communication within marks and Spencer. For instance when the rule of the the
employees are being distributed in according to their requirement when they will be satisfied and
will do effective communication.
Along with the culture It is also essential that marks and Spencer makes need of effective
management style as well. The management style is being defined as the style which is used in
order to manage the whole working of the business. Effective management styles assist business
in taking proper decisions and to make the operations of the company more effective. the
management style used by marks and Spencer is democratic style of management. Under the
democratic style of management marks and Spencer also includes the views and suggestions
provided by the employees at the time of decision making. The major decision is being taken by
the top management only but they undertake the land is provided by employees as well. Along
with the effective management style it is also essential for marks and Spencer to have a clear
communication process so that I'm working can be effectively undertaken within the business.
For the effective communication in marks and Spencer the major preference is been
given to written communication. The reason underlying this fact is that written communication
involves the communication which is done in the form of writing. This can be in form of email
memo report or any other written message (Wilson, 2017). The written communication is being
preferred by marks and Spencer because it can be used in future as well for proof. Along with
this in case any point is missed then if we communication is written then it can be viewed again.

The decision making process of the company is hierarchical that is top to down. All the
decisions are being made by the top management of marks and Spencer and then slowed down to
the lower levels. This is pertaining to the fact that the top management knows will that what
means to be changed and how the changes will be implemented (Coccia, 2018). Hence, the
decision making process is very easy because the top management analysis the situation and
takes decision and then for the communicate to the people under them. From top management
decision is been followed to middle level and then to lower level.
Evaluation of the role of culture on employee motivation
Motivation is being defined as the need or desire which drives an individual to work in
order to meet that need. This is a process through which a person is stimulated and diverts the
action in order to accomplish the goals of the life. In marks and Spencer mainly the culture
which is prevalent is role culture. The reason underlying this fact is that motivation theories also
apply to the organisation and then in motivating and stimulating employees to work in effective
manner.
For motivating the employees within Marks and Spencer company undertakes the theory
of Maslow's need hierarchy theory. This is a theory of motivation and the content theories and it
states that person is motivated within the process of five categories of human needs. This needs
work in order that is when one need is satisfied then it goes to another need. The first level of
mid is the basic needs. This is the need which is very basic for any of the person like food shelter
water etc. For this the person words within the corporate world and also salary with which they
can satisfy their basic needs. Then comes the second that is safety names which includes a
security and safety at the workplace for this marks and Spencer providing job security and also
ensures proper health and safety measures at workplace which motivate employees to work.
Then the third need arises which belongingness and love need.
When a person operates in corporate world then they build relation with the colleagues
and communicate with them. And for this marks and Spencer organise time to time informal
meeting so that employees can co-ordinate and communicate in better and effective manner.
After this comes the esteem needs which in the world's prestige and feeling of accomplishment
and for this marks and Spencer provide promotions to the required people (Wilson, 2018). At the
end comes the self actualization needs which states that person has achieved up to their fullest
potential and involved create activities.

the Maslow's need hierarchy theory is being used by marks and Spencer because it is a
good way to motivate the employees within the company. When the employees will be
motivated then they will to effective work and this will result in better and effective
accomplishment of overall company goals. The major benefit of using this theory is that this
motivates the employees on overall basis (Dutta and Khatri, 2017). This is pertaining to the fact
that Maslow's need it focuses on motivating employees by providing all the requirement and
needs of the person. In addition to this there is also a limitation of this need hierarchy theory
because it is not necessary that every individual has same needs which are to be fulfilled. Does
this affect team working efficiency of the company as a fun employee’s need is fulfilled and
other one is not then this is created and negative feelings among the employees which will be
motivate them and will not work in effective manner.
Thus in the end it can be stated that having a good motivational theory and applying it in
effective manage very helpful for the business in order to improve its performance. The reason
for this is that 20 employees will be motivated then they will work in effective manner and this
will improve the overall working of the company. Also it is necessary for marks and Spencer to
time to time review the fact that the motivational theory and spring implemented in proper and
effective manner. The reason for this is that when the motivation theory is being implemented
than this motivated person that companies taking care of the employees that they should also
work in effective manner to fulfil the needs of the company as well (Arnulf, Larsen and
Martinsen, 2018). Hence the effective implementation of motivation theory applies to the
company then this will improve the overall working position of the company in effective and
efficient manner.
CONCLUSION
The about report summarise the fact that organisational behaviour has been defined as
team understanding of the behaviour of the employees of people working within the company.
The reason underlying this fact is that for business it is essential to analyse the need and
requirement of the the employees because employees are the one who actually works for the
company. If behaviour of employees will not be analyse properly then this will affect him
achievement of the business. The above report analyse that implementation of Charles handy
culture model is very helpful for marks and Spencer in managing the business. Management of
culture is very essential because if this is not managed then it will affect theme working

efficiency of the employees. for the it was analysed that with management of the culture the
management style is also need to be effectively used. For this marks and Spencer uses the
democratic style of management. Further the report evaluated the fact that along with culture it is
also essential to make use of effective motivational style. For this marks and Spencer been using
the masses need hierarchy theory in order to motivate the employees in effective and efficient
manner.

REFERENCES
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