Morrison's Organizational Behavior: Unit 12 Report on Leadership

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behavior, focusing on key aspects such as leadership, motivation, and culture within the context of Morrison's, a UK-based supermarket chain. The report examines the impact of power, politics, and different cultural typologies on team and individual performance. It delves into various motivation theories, including content and process theories like Maslow's Hierarchy, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, Vroom's Expectancy Theory, and Adam's Equity Theory, and discusses their role in achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, the report contrasts effective and ineffective teams, and explores the concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior, providing a comprehensive overview of how these elements interact to shape the work environment and influence employee behavior. The report aims to provide insights into how managers can develop effective strategies to motivate and inspire employees, and foster long-term relationships within an organization.

unit 12

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................................3
TASK1..........................................................................................................................................................3
P1) Discuss how power, politics and cultures influence performance of teams and individuals in
organization.............................................................................................................................................3
TASK 2.......................................................................................................................................................6
P2) Discuss impact of process and content theories of motivation to ensure achievement of goals in
organization.............................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................8
P3) Discuss what makes an effective team in opposed to ineffective team..............................................8
TASK4......................................................................................................................................................11
P4) Discuss concepts and Philosophies of organizational behavior.......................................................11
CONCLUSION.........................................................................................................................................13
REFRENCES............................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior is considered the way in which different individuals working
within company interact with each other. Under this, it is examine that how performance of
individuals get affected in team or as an individual at work place. In this, behavior of individual
is monitored in terms of work environment along with its impact over job structure,
communication, leadership and so on (Bergeron and Thompson, 2020). In simple words, it
provides insights regarding behavior and performance of employees at work place. It helps
managers to prepare effective strategies to motivate, inspire employees in order to maintain long
term relationship with them. In the current report, Morrisons is taken into consideration that is
well known supermarket company of UK. It was founded in 1899 by William Morrison. It is
working within retail industry with nearly 110000 employees. The present report renders an
overview regarding behavior as well culture within organization . It comprises influence of
culture, power as well as politics over performance of staff members within entity. Different
theories of motivation such as content and process theories have also been discussed in the
following report. Besides this, several concepts, philosophies of OB have been also included in
the present report.
TASK1
P1) Discuss how power, politics and cultures influence performance of teams and individuals in
organization
Influence of Power on groups and person
Power refers to the authority to influence performance of individuals at work place. It
can be positive or negative. Positive power is used by managers with an aim to provide
appropriate guidance, motivation to individuals so that their productivity level can be enhanced
in significant manner (Hwang and Choi, 2017). On another side, negative power create pressure
over employees in order to complete assigned task in predefined period of time. In context of
Morrison, managers make sure to put positive impacts over employee. For this they use power,
authorities in positive manner. Difference types of power over performance of work force are
given as under:

 Legitimate power: This power has association with position owned by a person in
company. As per this top level manager have high power. In context of Morrison, higher
authorities have great power by which they are able to influence behavior, attitudes of
other personnels at work place.
 Reward power: It refers to the power to provide rewards, recognition to employees as per
their contribution towards organization. It is considered as a useful way to get work done
from staff members in desired manner. For this managers of Morrisons provide
appropriate rewards to work force so that they give significant contribution towards
growth of organization.
 Coercive Power: This power is related to threatening, punishing individuals at work
place due to their wrong attitude as well as approach towards work process. It is often
avoided in current work practice and consider as less effective approach. In reference of
respective organization CEO and higher administration has this power which is rarely
used by them (Kunda, Ataman and Behram, 2019).
 Expert Power: This power is given due to having great knowledge, expertise, knowledge
as well as skills in performing particular task. It is monitored that managers of Morrison
have a lot of skills as well as competencies that guide them in performing different task in
an efficient manner.
 Referent Power: It is the ability of individuals to grab attention of others and build
loyalty. Due to this, employees respect to leaders due to well known track record of
getting success. It is considered as a great way to influence others. In Morrisons, leaders
have higher ability and competency to undertake different organizational functions in an
effective manner.
 Information Power: It is a method that has been evolved recently in which individual
possess power on the basis of information they have relatively to other personnel at work
place. In reference of Morrison, CEO and top level manager’s posses this power who
have great information related to marketing, operations as well as financial performance
of company.

Influence of politics
Politics regarded as different activities that are associated with the use of influence
tactics in order to improve personal as well as organizational interest (Makkonen, Johnston and
Javalgi, 2016). Organizational politics may prove beneficial for some employees such in terms of
improving their performance, having better relationships with managers and more. On another
side, it has more negative impacts such as bias behavior, discrimination among employees.
Sometimes, staff member do not get equal opportunities due to negative politics within
organization which may create higher stress, anxiety at work place. In context of Moririsons,
managers make sure to undertake positive politics by ensuring involvement of all employees in
order to get better results. Therefore, politics significantly affect performance of both individuals
as well as teams at work place. So, it is imperative to prepare effective strategies in order to
ensure highly positive influence of politics over behavior of individuals within company.
Influence of culture:
Handy’s cultural typology model
This model is specifically related to organizational culture which has been developed in the
year of 1932 by Charles Handy. As per this model, there are four crucial dimension of culture
that are discussed as under:
 Power Culture: It refers to a culture where power is in the hand of some selective people
who are generally superiors and top level managers. It is stated that managers have higher
control over activities of employees. It is analyzed that higher administration of
Morrisons has great power with which they keep control over performance of work force
in organization.
 Role Culture: It is considered as roles as well as responsibilities own by different
individuals working within organization. In reference of Morrisons, managers have are
responsible to assign roles as well as responsibilities to employees in order to minimize
ambiguity at work place (Markus, 2017).
 Task culture: This culture is related to enhancing morale of individuals at work place so
that they get motivated and work in an efficient manner. This culture is crucial to ensure
completion of assigned task effectively. In context of Morrisons, managers make sure to

assign such task to employees in which they have to work in a team with an aim to attain
predefined objectives in stipulated period of time.
 Person culture: Under this, each and every individuals are provided opportunities to
demonstrate their talent, skills as well as competencies within organization. This kind of
work culture motivated staff members of Morrsions to come ahead with innovative as
well as creative approaches for betterment of entity. With this, company is able to get
higher competitive edge over other competitors.
TASK 2
P2) Discuss impact of process and content theories of motivation to ensure achievement of goals
in organization
Motivation is a process to influence behavior, attitudes of employees in positive manner
so that they get inspired to get work done for enlargement of business. For this, different theories
are sued by managers of Morrison which are given as under:
Content Theory:
It is a theory due to which change in needs, demands, preferences of customers take
place within organization. This theory is helpful for managers of Morrisons to monitor different
factors which affect behavior of employees at work place. Under this, theory of motivation is
given as under:
Maslow‘s hierarchical theory:
According to this theory, needs, wants as well as preferences of customers are arranged in
a hierarchical manner to attain higher level of satisfaction of employees within organization. Five
stages of this model are discusses as under:
 Physiological needs: It comprises basic needs such as cloth, shelter, food and more
which are crucial for survival. These needs play a crucial role in motivating employees as
these are vital to survive. So, managers of Morrison ensure that all their staff members
are able to meet with their basic needs and requirements (Nasra and Heilbrunn, 2016).

 Safety needs: Every individual needs safety and security to ensure a prosper as well as
longer life. In organizational context, employees wish to get job security, safety, financial
assistance and more. In addition, they also wish to get safe as well as secure environment
at work place where they can work without any fear. They look forward to get protective
work environment in order to minimize accidents at work place. For this, Morrison
ensures to maintain higher safety as well as security measures for work force like
insurance, medical policies and more. Further, they also apply necessary laws and
regulations within organization in order to get higher level of employees satisfaction.
 Social needs: Employees are social elements so that they have some social needs that are
related to love, affection, care and more. They wish to get love, sense of belongingness
from other at work place. In this regard, manager of Morrison ensure to facilitate better
communication as well as interaction through effective communication channels. Here,
employees can easily exchange thoughts, opinions, ideas with each other that is crucial to
maintain highly collaborative environment within company.
 Self esteem needs: It comprises needs related to respect, recognition, acknowledgement,
appreciation for their performance in company. For this purpose managers of Morrison,
prepare acknowledge as well as recognize efforts of employees through providing them
necessary rewards and recognition for their significant contribution towards organization
goal attainment.
 Self Actualization: It is final level of this model under which individual wish to become
something by utilizing their internal skills, capabilities. In Morrison, manager encourage
employees to come ahead with creative as well as innovative approaches by organizing
different organizational activities in timely manner.
Herzberg theory: it is also known as two factor theory which is significantly used for motivating
and inspiring employees in an efficient manner. Two factors of Herzberg theory are mentioned
as under:
Hygiene factors: These factors are crucial for maintaining job satisfaction at work place. Under
this, a lot of elements such as pay, company policies, working conditions and more are included
which are vital for job satisfaction. In context of Morrison, manager take ensure that all the
employees receive these benefits for maintaining job satisfaction at work place.

Motivational factors: It is stated that absence of these factors might create job dissatisfaction. It
comprises elements such as recognition, advancement, responsibilities, growth opportunities and
so on, In context of Morrison, they make sure that these elements present within company so that
employees do not get demotivated.
Process theory:
Under this, those needs are identified which affect behavior of individuals at work
place. For this purpose, manager of Morrison improve behavior of employees by applying such
kind of theories so that higher level of productivity and outcomes can be achieved.
Vroom’s expectancy theory: As per this theory, motivation of individuals is highly
affected with their expectation about future needs and requirements. It is stated that individual
behavior is affected with their personality, knowledge, skills, and experiences (Trong Tuan,
2017). Here, individuals wish to get rewards in return of the efforts they are putting for success
of organization. They have expectation associated with action and value they are putting in
business. In context of Morrison, manager identify requirements as well as efforts of each and
every individual at work place in order to rewarded them accordingly. With this, staff members
get motivated to attain personal as well as professional goals in an effective manner.
Adam’s equity theory: According to this theory, there is requirement of proper
association between performance of employees and rewards which they are getting in return. If,
employees put more inputs then the output they get in return then it demotivate them. In context
of Morrison, they make sure to provide equal compensation and rewards in return of services of
employees.
TASK 3
P3) Discuss what makes an effective team in opposed to ineffective team
Team is considered as a group of individuals who combined their efforts in order to attain
predefined goals and objectives. All the team members divide their work accordingly so that
common goals of organization can be achieved within predefined period of time (Zhong, Wayne
and Liden, 2016). There are a lot of people work together in a team so it is vital to maintain
higher collaboration as well as coordination for organizational goal attainment. In addition, they

all need to have great team spirit in order to combined efforts of all members in positive manner.
It is monitored that managers of Morrison formulate team with hardworking, loyal employees
with an aim to survive at competitive market place for longer run.
Team work is really crucial as it helps to increase overall productivity by eliminating
communication gap within team members. Difference between effective as well as ineffective
team is given as under:
Effective team In effective team
 Effective team members include
proficient, knowledgeable as well as
skilled candidate who significantly
contribute towards goals and success of
company.
 There is higher coordination and
collaboration is present within effective
team members that will further help to
minimize ambiguity as well as
confusion arise at work place.
 In this, team members are inspired by
several ways to share their opinion,
thoughts, ideas in order to make
effective decisions (Markus, 2017).
 Under effective team, members are
supported to attain their personal goals
while working for goal attainment of
organization.
 Here, team members are not able to
give significant contribution due to lack
of guidance as well as support from
managers and leaders.
 In this, there is lack of coordination
which creates constraint in overall
growth and progress.
 Ineffective team members need to
follow the guidelines provided by
managers and leaders thus not allowed
to contribute in decision making
process of organization.
 Ineffective team merely focus to attain
team goals thus not give importance to
individual goals & objectives.
Some necessary competencies which are required to form an effective team by managers of
Morrison are given as under:

Mutual Cooperation: To form an effective team, it is imperative to maintain necessary
cooperation among members so that they all help each other in attainment of common goals.
Here, members are required to minimize communication gap and enhance mutual cooperation
while performing assigned task. It helps to minimize persona grazes, arguments and conflicts so
that organizational task can be performed in an effective manner. So, it will enhance overall
production of organization which will help to attain defined targets successfully.
Balanced roles: This is a crucial aspect of team formation as per which roles and responsibilities
of each and every member need to defined in an effective manner. Here, manages assigned each
roles of employees in such a manner that higher level of satisfaction can be achieved (Dapeng,
Songting and Ning, 2016).
Communication: Communication is a two way process in which necessary information is
transmitted from one person to another. Effective communication is really important to facilitate
smooth transmission of information from one person to another. With this employees are able to
share their individual ideas as well as thoughts for solution of a particular business problem.
Effective leadership: Leaders are key person of organization who posses power to
influence behavior, attitudes of employees at work place. They provide guidance, support to
work force in order to alien their efforts in right direction. To make an effective team, it is vital
to provide effective as well as continuous leadership to members so that they put required
contribution to achieve desired outcomes.
Tuckman’s model of team
This is a widely used model for proficient and skillful team formation. This model is used
to build trust, loyalty as well as cooperation within team members to attain organizational goals.
In context of Morrison, four stages of this model are given as under:
Forming Stage: It is the first stage in which manager communicate to team members
regarding project goals, skills required, timeline and more so that they get clarity about their
contribution throughout the project. It is analyzed that managers of Morrison assign roles &
responsibilities to each and every individual in order to bring clarity at work place.

Storming Stage: In this stage, conflicts take place among individuals that may become a
reason to reduce team performance as energy will put into unproductive activities. For this,
managers of Morrison focus to maintain effective communication with team members in order to
cope up with obstacles and minimize conflicts within team.
Norming stage: At this stage, individuals get clarity regarding their roles and
responsibilities so consensus is developed in team that is crucial to resolve difference and
conflicts. In this, team members of Morrison start to cooperate with each other in terms of
achieving common goals within predefined period of time(Tang and Tsaur, 2016).
Performing stage: Under this, there is higher consensus among members as team is
organized, matured. Now, members focus to attain goals rather personal differences, conflicts.
For this, managers of respective organization try to deal with organization problems in
systematic manners that will lead them towards potential growth and success.
Adjourning stage: It is last stage which is concerned with attainment of final goals,
documenting results. Here, predefined goals have been accomplished so team members can be
assigned to other task. In Morrison, managers make sure to maintain better relationship among
team members after attainment of desired outcomes.

TASK4
P4) Discuss concepts and Philosophies of organizational behavior
Path goal theory
This theory was developed by Mitchell in 1974 so that company can attain predefined
objectives within stipulated period of time. It helps to identify appropriate style of leadership that
is used to bring maximum productivity of employees. It is monitored that there are different kind
of situations arise in organization so leaders need to adjust their behavior accordingly which best
fit as per the requirement of situation (Ning and Zhaoyi, 2017). While adopting a particular
behavior leaders also consider attitude, requirement of employees along with the working
environment so that they can guide to work force in an effective manner. In context of Morrison,
leaders adopt suitable behavior depend on need of situation arise within company. By this way,
they assist employees in best possible manner in attaining required goals and objectives.
For this purpose different type of leadership style are given as under:
Directive Path: It is a leadership style in which leaders clearly communicate to
employees what are they expecting from them. So employees can set a benchmark for their
performance that is crucial to perform a task in better manner. As per this theory, it is vital to
minimize conflicts and bring clarity among members regarding their roles and responsibilities.
This behavior will bring several positive outcomes by minimizing internal conflicts and
ambiguity at work place. In this, leaders of Morrison maintain proper communication with work
force by make them familiar with the benchmark which has been set by company for measuring
their performance. By this way, they are able to provide proper path and direction to work force
in terms of getting positive outcomes.
The achievement: In this, leaders set challenging as well as dynamic roles for employees
and have expectation that they will perform at higher level to attain predefined standards. It is
stared that these benchmarks as well as standards motivate work force to work in desired
manner. For this, managers need to provide necessary motivation to employees in order to keep
them motivated towards organizational goals & success. Here, leaders of Morison lead and guide
staff members through the achievement they get at work place. For this purpose, they set