Organizational Behavior Report: Waitrose, Leadership, and Performance

This report delves into the intricacies of organizational behavior, using Waitrose as a case study to illustrate key concepts. It begins by analyzing how organizational culture, politics, and power dynamics influence individual and team behavior and performance. The report then evaluates content and process theories of motivation, specifically Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory, assessing their impact on achieving organizational goals. Furthermore, it explores the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams within Waitrose. Finally, the report provides a comprehensive overview of the concepts and philosophies underpinning organizational behavior, offering insights into leadership, motivation, and team dynamics to enhance productivity and profitability within the organization.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
LO 1.................................................................................................................................................1
P.1. Analysis how an organization's culture, politics and power can influence individual and
team behaviour and performance...........................................................................................1
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................3
P.2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques,
enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context:-....................................3
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................7
P3 Effective and ineffective team...........................................................................................7
LO 4.................................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts & Philosophies of organisational behaviour...................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behavior means that study of act of employees and group. Through
organizational behavior evaluate that how to act by employees and group. (Organizational
culture, 2018). Wait rose is a British supermarket and its founded in 1904 by Arthur rose and its
headquarter is located in United Kingdom. This report will be covers that power and politics and
culture of organization effect to individual and team performance. It also covers content and
process theory it means Maslow hierarchy and herzberg theory of motivation and motivation of
employees is necessary that helps in improve employees working capacity and they work hardly.
It's also covers effective and ineffective team that affect to organization.
LO 1
P.1. Analysis how an organization's culture, politics and power can influence individual and
team behaviour and performance.
Organizational culture means that assumption, beliefs and values that how people behave in
oOrganizations. It means that people of organization how to perform their job because every
organization has different and unique culture and it helps in develop and maintain behavior of
Employees.
Handy's model of organizational culture contain four types of culture like power, role, task and
person.
Power culture – it is strong culture of organization. Through power culture organization
evaluate to employees performance and type of their act in organization rather than it also
analyse that it is sufficient or not for achieve organizational goal because it has some rules and
regulations Its helps in take quick decision that helps in long term because if Wait rose has not
proper and effective long term interests (Graham, Ashworth and Tunbridge, 2016).
Role culture – role culture in Wait rose control and direct roles and responsibilities of
employees and employees roles and responsibilities determined according to their position. In
this decision making is very difficult for the organization due to lack of expert power and its also
reduce take risk (Bhattacharya, Kunte and Sharma, 2018).
Task culture – task culture means that employees of organization do work for solve of specific
problem that means Wait rose established for complete particular task. So its a important thing
because organization team members has mix task for solve problem and complete project. So it
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proves that if organization has effective skills, personality and leadership so its helps in improve
productivity and profitability (Berry and Dasen, 2019).
Person culture – it means that every employees of organization see themselves as superior and
so much skilled and Wait rose's person culture is really that it's a collection of individuals that
they work for the same objective and its helps in meet objective of organization. It effects that
everyone understand superior to own so it put direct effect work of organization and no one
follow rules and regulation. This culture are not essential in this type of organization it helps in
society and club (Solomon, 2017).
Politics and power :-
Politics means human interaction about power and rights on workplace that irrational behaviour
of the employees in Wait rose that want to take advantage beyond the control and power refers
that in organization different types of power exists according to position. So its helpful in control
and operate resources like human in organization.
Affects of Politics and power on individual and team behaviour and performance :-
Politics put impact on individual and team behaviour and performance. It put negative and
positive effects on Wait rose (Brannan, 2017).
Negative effects :-
Decrease in overall productivity – politics reduce productivity and its direct affected to
profitability of Wait rose. Through this individual who include in political activity in
organization so it can't pay attention about their roles and responsibility as well as their work. It
includes lag pulling and back biting so its effect individual that they do not work properly and its
affect to work of organization because individual do not work in proper manner and team also
affected from that because team make through collection of individual. Through this it effects of
productivity and it decreases so organization has to suffer loss. Because it does business at global
level.
Change attitude of employees – politics of Wait rose change their workers attitude and it helps
in change to serious employees and lose their work because due to politics every employees and
team attend office only for attendance and do not their work proper so individual affected as well
team also affected and it reduces employees performance and due to this productivity and
profitability of organisation is decrease (Geppert, Becker-Ritterspach and Mudambi, 2016).
Positive effects :-
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Make reputation – through politics Wait rose has good customer relationship and it also builds
their reputation because through politics popularity increase in market and its helps in motivate
attitude of employees and team behaviour. Because if popularity increase in market so people
increase demand of product and consume more so it has to increase their production and it helps
in increase profitability of organization. Organization profitability and productivity increase
through these things.
Follow rules and regulations – presence of good politics helps in follow rules and regulation in
Wait rose because it makes rule about prevent violence and inequality so individual and team
motivates from this rule and law and attract from organization so its helps in increase
productivity of Wait rose and its employees do work with their personal interest (D'Souza and
Gurin, 2016.).
Organisational Power :
Power refers to ability and capacity that helps in monitor and guide to employees and
teams.
Positive effects:-
Good evaluator – power helps in good evaluation of employees and team of organization
because it analyses that if Wait rose has not sufficient power for long term so its create long term
power and its helps in increase productivity and profitability (Aritz, 2017).
Expert power available – if power experts is available in Wait rose so its helps in supervision
of employees and team work. So its helps in maintain discipline and work in organization.
Negative effect that employees and team control is done with very difficulties. Because
all employees do their work with their power so its create difficulties and it creates conflicts as
well.
LO 2
P.2. Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques,
enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context:-
Content theory of motivation refers that how to motivate behavior of people through and
motivate them. It includes mas low's hierarchy of needs. It has five level of needs like
physiological, safety, belonging, esteem needs and self actualization. It is proposed by Abraham
Maslow. In this model that shows that people motivated to achieve certain needs and after fulfill
all needs it behavior is also motivates.
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Physiological needs – it includes basic needs of human and this is vital for survival.
It includes food, water and breathing. It also includes shelter and clothing and these all
things necessary and essential for survive. It employees of organization satisfied their basic
needs so it works with their full efforts for take satisfy to other needs and it helps in increase
productivity and profitability of organization.
Safety needs – Iit is second needs for live and survive and its necessary after fulfill of
physiological needs. Its includes financial security, health and wellness and safety so it refers
that financial is essential things for survive and satisfied their needs. It also shows that human
think that health and safety is very important so it takes insurance and save money for future.
Because its helps in save money and people try to earn more and more money for save it and
they focus on do more work and it helps in productivity of organization (Bouzenita and
Boulanouar, 2016).
Social needs – Iit is a third need in mas low's model and it includes love, affection and
belonging ness. Its helps in drives human behavior and it also includes friendship, romantic
attachments, family, social groups etc. it is also important for people because remove loneliness,
depression and to feel loved and accepted by other people. So for people want to earn money and
increase their reputation. So it does more work and it helps in increase organizational
productivity (De Vito, 2018).
Esteem needs – Iit is a forth need of Mas low's hierarchy and it comes after bottom three
levels satisfied of needs than it comes and play vital role. Esteem need includes gain respect and
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prestige. Because people want to feel that they are valued for others and its contribution also for
world. If people satisfied through esteem so they feel confidence.
Self actualization needs – Iit is last need of people and also Maslow theory. In this
people think that what in can and they use of their talent, capabilities etc for develop and
improve them. It is last stage that people fully satisfied (King-Hill, 2015).
Process theory of motivation includes Herzberg's theory This theory of motivation tries
to take the best performance from team and it also motivates to employees. Process theory gives
idea to organization that for development and improve. It includes two factors like motivating
factors and hygiene factors.
Motivating factors- it means that its increase job satisfaction to their employees and it helps in
improve employees work for increase productivity and profitability. It has different factors like:-
Achievement – it is an important element of work in Wait rose because organisation
must give sense to employees like achievement. It means that in an organization every
employees do work for achievement of organization goal and meet objective. So for that
motivating factors provide confidence to employees because if employees get achievement so
they proud on themselves and do all work well for achieve all objective because through this it
can take promotion so it tries for achieve objective of organization and motivate through it. So it
helps in increase profitability.
Responsibility – it is a factor of motivating factors it means that every members of Wait
rose has responsible for complete their project and task so its helps in do work in proper manner
and its also prevent confusion from them so it also helpful in reduce conflicts in organization
about work and employees also motivate. So all work and task complete on time and it helps in
make profit in organization.
Advancement – it is essential factor of motivate because its helps in give promotion to
employees and motivate them because if promotion is gives to employees according to their
performance so its motivate to employees and improve their skill, efficiency and performance.
So its helps in increase productivity and profitability (Kuranchie-Mensah and Amponsah-
Tawiah, 2016).
Growth – it means that Wait rose give growth to their employees and it improves
opportunity for learn new skills. It is possible only through formal training and its direct put
effect on increase productivity and profitability.
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Hygiene factor means that it make rules and regulation and monitoring of work so its helps in
increase productivity and also establish relation between work, salary etc.
Company policies –it means that policies of Wait rose should be clear and fair to every
employees and equal also for every employees. If it not clears to employees so it creates many
problems and discipline break by employees so its necessary for knows about policies.
Supervision – it is also a important aspect for Wait rose if employees get supervision
fairly and clearly so its helps in increase work of employees effectively and efficiently and
employees also get direction and ideas about work so its increase profitability and productivity.
Relationship – it refers that relation and bond should strong between employees and
superiors and all members. So its make environment that helps in work smoothly in Wait rose
and easily achieve target and meet objective of organization because all members work together
and its helps in prevent conflicts.
Salary – pay structure of Wait rose is very fair and clear so its helps in motivate to
employees for do hardly work and its helps in increase productivity and profitability in
organization. Because every members whose work in organization their main purpose is earn
money and if equal pay structure is not follows in organization so employees is demotivated
(Jones, 2017).
Techniques of increasing motivation:-
Motivation increase in workplace with different types of technique that helps in improve
performance, morale and boost productivity. Following are several motivational techniques.
Create a positive environment – Wait rose is motivated to employees through create
positive environment so it is possible through increase teamwork, idea sharing. Because through
positive environment employees work independently. For make positive environment
organization solve conflicts instantly so its helps in effective achievement of organization.
Set goals that are reasonable and achievable – Wait rose set their goal very easily and
employees not fill complexity in achieve goal because it determines their goal that are reasonable
and achievable and its helps in increase self motivation to employees. If goals are determined in
proper way so its helps in also to organization and it also maximizes their profit and productivity.
Increase motivation by provide incentives – Wait rose use this technique for motivate
to their employee because it provides incentives against to their work for complete targets and
also give incentive according to their work so its helps in motivate to employees and improve
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their working capacity. It provides incentives of two types like financial and non financial.
Financial includes cash prize, gift cards and restaurant gifts etc and non financial includes extra
holiday, choice office space etc.
Share profit to improve performance – Wait rose follows this aspect for improve
performance of employees because it shares profit among employees according to their working
so they also increase their performance for extra benefits so its helps in increase morale and
performance of employees and it directs affect to productivity and profitability and it increases
(Hehman, Stolier and Freeman, 2015).
LO 3
P3 Effective and ineffective team
In every type of organisation, it is very much important that there are effective teams that
would companies to achieve aim and objective of overall enterprise and of individual as well.
For Wait rose it is essential thatthey all are worker do work in team and without team whole
organisation face struggle. Effective team also help into improving quality of life and facilitating
completion of projects which increase productivity with efficiency as well. The most effective
team will harmonise the efforts towards one common goal which every individual who are
participating into that team. There are some major contribution into the creation and making of
the effective team like that of hard work, commitment and specified goals as well. This will help
into successful creating team which will in turn help into achieving overall goal of company
(Vijayakumar and Saxena, 2015).
On the other hand ineffective team will be termed to as group of people who are not been
able to form their specified goal neither they could achieve them all. This will be due to lack of
purpose, communication, focus and negativity among members of group. So effective team as
opposed to ineffective team will be formed when people in team are creating and sharing values
among themselves. They are not allowing other member to influence outcome of team in
negative manner nor are they themselves doing the same. And ineffective team is those team that
not work with each other and they work individually as well as not help with each other.
Each member within group will be assigned with their own duty or role that is been described
below with use of Belbin team role model:
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Figure 1: Belbin team role model
[Source: Belbin team role model, 2019]
Resource investigator- They will intended to give proper enthusiasm to entire team in way of
starting out project with help of their network outside and from within the group. They will also
create several opportunities which are required to complete one specified task in proper term.
One of the major strength of resource investigator into team is that of exploring prospects from
outside team this will help them develop contacts. While a good resource investigator will
always make all sort of possibilities with their communication skill, but they could also loose up
their enthusiasm towards end of project (Vijayakumar and Saxena 2015).
Team worker- They always work as oil into machine parts which join everyone within team to
achieve each other goals to run operation smoothly. Team worker will always be intended to
identify what work is required to be done on priority and then they themselves tries to complete
it. They are very cooperative and need to be diplomatic as well with listening to each one into
group and making the work happen. However sometime they would become indecisive into
crunch situations and then will try to avoid confrontation as well.
Coordinator- They are the main leader of whole team whose job is to ensure that all task and
activities are timely completed and having the talent to complete work in stipulated time.
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Coordinators are very much confident and mature into assigning duties to others and making sure
that all of them are completed as well. They would also delegate task to the person who they
know could do it in proper manner. But sometime they will become manipulative while
delegating task and work to people of team (Salehzadeh, 2017).
Plant- They are termed to as main generator of ideas and creativity having solution to every
problem that too in an innovative term. Plant is having ability to solve difficult problems at any
time but they always take time to communicate it to others. This is due to their absent
mindedness several times lead to incidents which will create problem latter on.
Monitor evaluator- They are always termed to create proper judgements by looking up each of
the element which is present within team. The work of monitor evaluator is to pass on fair and
logical judgement of what is all going into team as they will often detach themselves from being
bias. By only looking at all options available they could pass judgement this is the reason why
they are termed to as problem solver.
Specialist- They is known for their perfectionist attitude by learning and achieving goal in
particular field. Due to this they are having knowledge about all things which are associated with
having in-depth knowledge and skills as well. Specialist will always try to bring up higher degree
of concentration and skill within their and team working so that task is completed in smooth
manner. Generally, they are specialised in specific skills and utilise in attaining goals.
Shaper- They will help in providing or driving necessary changes and ensuring that team is
always moving forward without losing up focus. Shaper is intended to have focus that each one
into team is working according to their work and qualification. This person shapes entire team to
work in effective way.
Implementer- They takes courage and hard work to complete each task by themselves by taking
ideas and knowledge by others in team. Implementers are always self-disciplined and efficient
self- motivated with their loyalty. They also initiate new things to do.
Complete finisher- They are the end specialist and perfectionist who always go beyond
everything to complete the work on time. They are able to do task in specified time.
All these role models of Belbin team work will distinguish an effective team with that of
ineffective one as a good team always have all these roles stated (Oyewobi, Abiola-Falemu and
Ibironke, 2016.).
LO 4
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P4 Concepts & Philosophies of organisational behaviour
Concepts of Organisation Behaviour
Organisation behaviour is a study of behaviour of an individual in an organisation.
Organisation behaviour in an organisation is described on the basis of Organisation concepts and
it is classified in to two elements such as Nature of people & Nature of Organisation.
Nature of People- Nature of people includes personality & qualities of individuals
working in an organisation. Many factors affect nature of individuals of Waitrose, they are
described below-
 Individual Difference- Each person in an organisation is different from each other, they
have different experience, ideas, opinions, judgements & beliefs. Thus, that also affects
decisions of managers of Waitrose and managers of company has to treat all its
employees equally. Managers has to assign the projects according to the knowledge &
specialisation of the individuals So, that employees can give their best & which in turn
enhances productivity & profits of Waitrose. These differences in the individual
personality helps company because employees comes up with different ideas &
experience (Chumg and et.al., 2016).
 Perception of Employees- Perception of employees of company is different for the same
thing because people have different experience, personality & social surroundings.
Employees of Waitrose see their work differently employees who thinks that
marketing is beneficial for the company than they will come up with different
promotion ideas and it will help the company in increasing its market share. On the
other hand, if employees thinks that Waitrose should not invest in the marketing rather it
has to invest in expansion of its store have different perception about it.
 Concept of Whole Person- Managers of Waitrose have to treat its employees as whole
person company cannot employee only his mind or skills because employees emotions &
personal life are also part of his life and sometimes they also help in taking decisions. If
company does not take them as a whole person than that will reduces their performance
thus, that impacts on the profitability of the company.
 Motivated Behaviour- Motivated employees perform well and in an organised manner.
Motivation can be positive or negative. Managers of Waitrose should motivate its
employees which will in turn enhances their performance thus, it increases companies
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