Organizational Behavior: Leadership, Motivation, and Teamwork Report

This report delves into the multifaceted realm of organizational behavior, commencing with a comparative analysis of organizational structure and culture between Toyota and Ford Motor Company. It explores the impact of these factors on project performance, alongside the influences on individual behavior within Toyota. The report then examines leadership styles, contrasting autocratic and democratic approaches, and assesses the role of organizational theory in management. Furthermore, it investigates motivational theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, and the impact of leadership styles on employee motivation. The report concludes with an examination of group dynamics, teamwork effectiveness, and the influence of technology on team functioning, providing a comprehensive overview of key elements in organizational behavior.

Organisation and Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Comparison between organizational structure and culture....................................................3
1.2 Impacts of organizational structure and Culture on performance of project.........................4
1.3 Factors that influences individual behavior at Toyota Motor Corporation............................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Effectiveness of leadership styles..........................................................................................5
2.2 Assistance of Organizational theory in management process................................................6
2.3 Different approaches of management....................................................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation...............................................................7
3.2 Motivational theories.............................................................................................................8
3.3 Usefulness of motivational theory.........................................................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
4.1 Groups and group behavior....................................................................................................9
4.2 Factors which promotes effective team work......................................................................10
4.3 Impact of technology on functioning of team......................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
In present scenario, the peoples of societies have their major concerns about business
productions that they want to propagate in market and for that purpose individual shows much
more consciousness towards making their organization. Organization is a group of social people
who are managed and structured in a definite form or in a specified pattern to achieve their
commercial, social or other kinds of goals. The members of organization are in position to follow
certain rules and regulations to maintain peaceful working. In this project the study of culture of
different organizations and their behaviour as well as the role played by motivation clearly is
explained.
TASK 1
1.1 Comparison between organizational structure and culture
An organization is defined as a group of members maintained in a hierarchical or in a
definite form to achieve their individual as well as commercial goals. Every organization has its
own structure of management that explains a relationship between its members and different
activities performed by them according to their roles and responsibilities and also the authority to
perform assigned tasks. Organizational culture is defined as the behaviour and values which are
contributed by employees to form a unique social environment to their employees (Schein,
2010.).
Comparison between organizational structure of Toyota motor company and Ford motor
company:
The organizational structure of Toyota Motor Corporation’s is completely based on those
business operations which are in varying form of company across the globe. As Toyota is one of
the leading automobile manufacturers globally, it employs its structure of organization to assist
and to achieve its commercial goals and specified direction for earning profit. This
organizational structure of Toyota motor company is also established its link with traditional
organizational structures which was used in Japanese business. In nutshell this organizational
structure of Toyota globally contributed in success earned by it. Whereas; The organizational
structure of Ford motor company relies upon market conditions that are in varying form in whole
world. This structure of a company describes the configuration of components which directly
relates itself to the condition of industry which is globally automotive. The international ambit of

Ford’s operations describes key components of organizational structure that are needed to
comprehend the level of market risk and competition (Robbins and Judge, 2012).
Comparison between Organizational cultures of Toyota motor company and Ford Motor
Company:
Organizational culture of Toyota motor company describes the employee’s response of
challenges that are faced by companies in market. It uses its organizational culture to increase the
capabilities of human resources in innovation whereas;
The organizational culture of Ford Motor Company’s established an influence on firm to drive it
toward higher performance to fulfil its goal and vision of leadership in industry. It defines the
customs traditions and value of an individual and behaviour of a group.
1.2 Impacts of organizational structure and Culture on performance of project
In some organizations the high performance is the result of birth of strong culture. The
performance of an organization is well; principles which are collective in nature must have their
presence as well the morals and customs of an organization. Besides the high performance of
product, cultures proves it to be more serious impact and also a critical element which
contributes and leads it to achieve organizational success (Alvesson, 2012).
In some organizations effectiveness is the fundamental topic of studying organizations, once an
organization decides the expected act of its employees in workplace, the expected attitude on an
employee, question on achievement of employees then it implement its structure as well as the
promotion of growth of customs and culture morals to achieve its main objective.
1.3 Factors that influences individual behaviour at Toyota Motor Corporation
On the basis of Abilities:
Abilities are defined as the traits that are learned by an individual from environment and the
traits provided to an individual by birth. There are three kinds of abilities that are as followed:
 Intellectual Abilities: It polishes a person’s intelligence, verbal as well as analytical
abilities regarding reasoning and verbal comprehension too.
 Physical abilities: It exemplifies a person’s physical strength, body coordination, stamina
as well as motor skills.

 Self-Awareness Abilities: It explains that what are the feelings of a person about task but
it totally depends upon manager’s perception to decide kind of work which is to be
allotted to a person.
On the basis of Attitude:
Attitude is defined as a reaction which is in abstract form or a response of a person for a period
of time. For an example if a person is working for different companies and may create a
indifference in organizational citizenship (Huczynski and Buchanan, 2010).
On the basis of Perception:
It is defined as an intellectual process of changing information into meaningful information.
Perception is generally of 6 types and they are as follows:
 Of sound: Ability to fetch sound by identifying vibrations.
 Of Speech: Competency to comprehend and interpret sounds of languages.
 Touch: Identify objects by patterns of its surface after touching it.
 Taste: The ability of detection of flavors any substance of testing it by an organ which is
to sensory.
TASK 2
2.1 Effectiveness of leadership styles
Organizational leadership is a kind of staff management which majorly provides an act of
inspiration, oversight operation, objectives and services regarding the administration of a
business. Leadership is very effective who assist priority based objectives for subordinates and
subsequently provide a guidance to achieve their desired visions and goals. The comparison
between Autocratic leadership and Democratic leadership is mentioned below:
 Autocratic Leadership: It is a leadership style which is characterized by an individual
control in decisions of organization which includes less input or intervention of group
members. It is typically based on choices of judgments and ideas which are given by head
and the ideas given by members are considered to be less important. It includes some
characteristics also and they are as follows:
A). Less input or input in a little amount of group members.
B). the decisions will be made by leaders itself.
C). All processes and works are dictated by leaders of group.

D). Members of group are not supposed to be trusted to decide important tasks.
 Democratic Leadership: Also, renowned as participative leadership and it is a kind of
leadership style in which the group members perform a substantial and participative role
in process of decision making. Every member is provided with equal opportunity to share
its ideas and judgments and those ideas will be equally entertained by administrator.
Democratic Leadership includes certain characteristics also:
A). Members of groups are encouraged to entertain their opinions and ideas to construct a
final decision (Zheng, Yang and McLean, 2010.).
B). Group members are engaged in process.
C). Creation and innovation is encouraged and rewarded.
D). Courage, Honesty, Intelligence, competence, creativity and fairness are some
features.
2.2 Assistance of Organizational theory in management process
An organizational theory is defined as designs and structures, dependence and relationship of
organizations on their respective external environment and it also comprised of behaviors of
technocrats and managers in a certain entity. It suggests ideas for rapid change in growth of an
organization.
There are many different theories regarding management but the theory of Human relations
approach is one of the most important theories among them and it still bears a question that it
may be classical approach or not, because the features of this contains separate account to fulfil
individual needs of different employees, non-financial reward and sociological intervention
(Griffin and Moorhead, 2011).
Human relations approach seeks certain implications like social intervention, dire need of
attention while performing for organization and achievement of an individual.
It also bears definite importance like:
 HR acknowledges the contribution of classical as well as modern approaches of Human
resources in management of organization.
 It recognizes the importance of every individual member and labour to achieve visions
and goals of organizations.

2.3 Different approaches of management
Management Approach is defined as a therapy used to follow certain or specified rules and
regulations or instructions to manage the members of group to achieve specified goals of an
organization. There are different kinds of approaches followed by different organizations in
which some are as follows:
 Scientific management: It is kind of principles that are fundamentally made to develop
manufacturing at a very large scale after using scientific tools and methods. It really
establishes its emphasis on standardization and rationalization of level of work after
dividing the labour strength. Characteristics of Scientific management are as follows:
A). It is an approach to solve the problems of management using scientific approach.
B). It applies these scientific tools in method of recruitment, work, training and selection
of workers (Bock and et.al., 2012.).
C). It provide methods of best working on least cost.
 Total Quality management: It s defined as an efficient system that integrates a quality
development, quality maintenance and efforts for improvement of quality of different
groups in a running organization so as to increase production, engineering, marketing
and services as various economical levels and the ultimate aim is to achieve customer
satisfaction. Features of total quality management are mentioned below:
A). If management will not be go through in an efficient way if TQM will not be
followed by an organization for fruitful output.
B). every member of a department in an organization will fix common problems after
interacting with another employee (Naranjo-Valencia, Jiménez-Jiménez and Sanz-Valle,
2011).
TASK 3
3.1 Impact of different leadership styles on motivation
Motivation is defined as a set of force that influences different people to select a certain kind
of behaviour from other kinds of alternations. A performance of an individual employee will
always be influenced by motivation to work according to his ability and prepare a suitable work
environment. There are different kinds of motivational approaches like:

 Task-oriented: It is defined as a project manager spreads on a large scale. In this persons
may divide their word into different project components, project timelines will be
accordingly created to meet with the milestone of organization.
 Morale: This is a kind of attitude, emotions and satisfaction to build an exemplary
amount of confidence to make environment fruitful and suitable for an employee. An
employee who doesn’t have a greater morale is not appropriate and able to handle a
specified situation.
Leadership impact on motivation:
 Individualize Motivation: A good leader will always motivate every individual employee
to build his morale for efficient working of him (Linnenluecke and Griffiths, 2010.).
 Effective communication: Every leader who motivate their employees must have a
quality of effective communication and best convincing power to influence their
thoughts.
3.2 Motivational theories
Motivational theories are very much important for an organization because it provides some
definite set of instructions to those organizations who want to flourish their business and to make
a suitable environment in accordance to their employees. There are several theories which
organizations may follow and some of them are mentioned below:
 Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs theory: This is one of a renowned theory of motivation
given by Abraham Maslow telling about a more basic to a more complex need also it
defines some features like:
A). Physiological needs: It means the wage earned for living to purchase necessaries like
food and cloth.
B). Safety: It means the conditions in which the employees are working must not be in
danger form.
C). Affiliation: It means the employees who are working for organization must be
arranging themselves as in a social-relationship.
D). esteem: It means that, in employees there must be a sense of accomplishment and
achievement.

 McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y: This theory indicates every aspect of an
organization whether it will be a positive one or negative one and the features of same are
as follows:
A). Postulates of Theory X widely explains about the negative nature and aspects of
human nature which is also a classical approach.
B). Theory Y has postulates which explains the positive human nature and also renowned
as Human relations approach.
3.3 Usefulness of motivational theory
Motivational theories are very much important in an organization because it laid down certain
instructions to achieve desired goals. An important theory in this queue is Herzberg’s motivation
theory which tells about two factors of this theory which are Job satisfaction and dissatisfaction
(Zu, Robbins, and Fredendall, 2010.).
Factors of Job Satisfaction in this theory:
 Achievement: It means the upcoming consequence which a company wants to achieve to
add welfare in that organization.
 Recognition: It means an employee is encouraged by their leaders on time to time.
 Responsibility: Every member of a group or organization is responsible for the activities
done by their organization (Hartnell, Ou, and Kinicki, 2011.).
Factors of Job dissatisfaction in this theory:
 Company policies: Many times, company policies are not in accordance with their
employees.
 Supervision: A good leader always motivates an employee working under his
supervision but sometimes it doesn’t bear a good quality of motivation.
 Salary, status and security: These topics are always in contradiction with an
organization.
TASK 4
4.1 Groups and group behaviour
When two or more persons interact with each other OR two or more independent individual
come together to form an entity to achieve definite objectives these entities are widely renowned

as Groups. A group behaviour is a kind of course of action performed by whole group at a single
point of time. There are two kinds of group:
 Formal groups: These are a kind of groups that are created by an organization and are
decided work assignments. The behaviour of such kinds of groups is in line to achieve
organizational goals. These are further divided between two:
A). Command group: This is the group in which individuals directly reports to the
manager.
B). Interest group: This is a group which is formed by some persons to achieve definite
objective. For ex, a group of some friends chilling out together is an interest group.
 Informal groups: These are the groups which are formed to fulfil a common interest just
like friendships. These are also further classified between two categories:
A). Task group: The members of these groups are in obligation to complete a job or some
kind of task.
B). Friendship group: The members of these groups share a common interest of
characteristics are known as friendship groups.
4.2 Factors which promotes effective team work
Team work is defined as collaborative work of group of individuals in order to achieve specified
goals and visions. Team work is always a very important and crucial part of a business or
organization because it splits work load on teammates and doesn’t create a mental pressure on a
single employee. The factors which promote the effectiveness of team work are as follows:
 Diversity: Effective and efficient formation of team is diversity of culture, nature and the
talent hold by individual personalities. It always promote innovation and creativity and
create awareness to respond on roles and responsibilities provided to employees by their
leaders which always support effective teamwork
 Communication: To maintain efficient teamwork it is very important for a leader to
communicate with his employees in open way and in frequent way. Cohesion is always
fascinated by appropriate communication. If there is an effective communication between
employees that they are in position to ask their queries frequently.
 Leadership: Teamwork is always influenced by leadership as an appropriate leader trains
their employees in a specified and definite manner. It is always easy for an individual
employee to approach a team leader to solve their queries.

 Team building exercises: An effective team will be constructed after using experience of
their leaders and share it with others. If someone avoids a team building exercise then it
is very much difficult to that person to develop and achieve their visions.
4.3 Impact of technology on functioning of team
Technology is defined as a systematic study of science which reduces human effort and
increases working efficiency so that it is easy for every employee to work in a suitable
manner after using those techniques which are scientifically approved so that an organization
will meet with their proposed goals whether they are sociological or commercial. Technology
has several impacts on smooth functioning of team and they are mentioned below:
 It increases work process: Technologies always helps in to reduce unwanted efforts
given by employees and helps those employees to finish their work in a stipulated
period of time.
 Training of staff: When recruitment processes are in process and when new comers
are entertained as an employee in an organization or in a company then it is very
much easy for company authorities to perform interviews in efficient manner to train
their new staff (Schneider, Ehrhart and Macey, 2013.).
 Cost for technology acquirement: To earn a good technology a company should
focus on their expenses to manage a good technology system for assistance.
 Communication between teams: Technology always helps employees of an
organization to communicate between its members in expected manner and to easily
communicate between a leader and an employee.
 Teams of different culture: Every team is constituted by employees having different
cultures and diversities which always assist an employee to follow a certain pattern
of technology which is very important aspect of an organization (Mills and Smith,
2011).
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded from the above-mentioned report that organizational behavior and
culture is very much important to form a successful business because behavior is a definite set of
acts performed by an employee who is in relevance with the roles and responsibilities of a
company. Further it was explained that a definite structure for an organization must be needed to

achieve a particular company’s objectives, visions and goals decided by that organization. After
that the focus point is the organizational behaviour and is very much efficient for smooth
functioning of an organization. Further the leadership styles bear an effective part to influence
mental position of an employee as a good leader always encourages an employee to work
accordingly with the directions provided by an organization in which that employee is working.
After that the importance of teamwork is also very much important for every new comer to earn
skills from their respective team leader. After that there are certain approaches followed by every
organization to make it as a Nobel organization which should be an ideal one for everyone.