Organizational Behavior Report: A David & Co. and Team Effectiveness

This report analyzes organizational behavior, focusing on A David & Co. and its application of key concepts. It explores how organizational culture, including power, role, task, and person cultures, influences individual and team behavior. The report delves into the impact of organizational politics and various types of power (legitimate, reward, coercive, and expert) on employee performance. Furthermore, it examines content (Maslow's hierarchy, Herzberg's two-factor theory) and process theories of motivation (expectancy, goal-setting, equity, reinforcement) and their practical applications. The report then differentiates between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the roles of HR managers in fostering productive work environments. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive understanding of organizational behavior principles and their relevance to real-world business scenarios, offering valuable insights for leadership and management practices.

Organizational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques.............................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team............................5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational ...............9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12
.......................................................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour can be defined as performance & cognition of staff members
towards employers/firms. In modern business world, it is required for every single business
company to have a healthy environment among management and employees so that productivity
and profitability can easily be enhanced (Wood and et. al., 2016). With the help of this, goals and
objectives of company can easily be attained in specific time frame.
Organisation which has been taken under this report i.e. A David & Co Limited, which
was found in the year of 1962 by Arthur David. It is a wholesaler business which delivers fresh
fruits and different herbs, dairy, cheese and bakery food products to hotels and restaurants in
United Kingdom. Present report is going to include organisation’s culture, power and politics
which impact on both performance and behaviour of an individual/team members. Along with
this, motivational theories are also enclosed in this report. Difference among both effective and
ineffective teams and lastly project will also apply both concepts and philosophies of
organizational behaviour which will help in developing a healthy environment at workstation.
TASK 1
P1 Organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Each and every business organization take initiative for improving their performance
level. For this company implement as well as set appropriate organisational culture, politics and
power which directly influence team behaviour, individual performance. In this manager play
important role in developing as well as providing roles to their staff members so that they can
easily perform their task and attain positive outcomes.
Culture:
Culture play important role in every business organization to established positive work
environment. As it refers to the ideas, customs of company and its particular employees as well.
A David & Co Limited is small company which operate their business in food and beverage
industry as they serve fresh fruit, vegetables to restaurants. Company focus on their quality
products and services to attain higher profitability at market place (Vazirani, 2015). For this firm
needs to accomplish effective organizational culture and values to make overall performance
effective. With the help of this, company can easily create positive and ethical work
1

environment. Mainly, organizational culture consider belief, company vision, values and many
more which provide support to firm while performing business activities. In this there are four
type of culture of A David & Co Limited are as follows: Power culture: It is one of the important culture in business organization as it relate to
the power distribution with employees. If the powers are delegated at work place
effectively then employees can effectively perform their business operations because they
focus on their working activities and put best efforts. (Sawang, Parker and Hine, 2016).
This results in motivating employees thus they will achieve their set goals and business
objectives in desired time frames. Role culture: This is relate with workers roles and responsibilities towards the job. Thus,
it is important for manager to provide specific role to workers with the purpose of
performing particular activities as per their abilities and capabilities. This will aid in
reducing the chances of confusion of workers at the time of performing job activities. It
directly contribute in encouraging workers to take initiative. With the help of this, A
David & Co Limited easily enhance their performance level. Task culture: Under this, manager of the A David & Co Limited build an effective team
to execute task in allotted time frame. This will help in evaluating the issues and
problems and at the same time also aid in determining alternative solutions. This type of
culture directly enhance productivity of the workers at workplace.
 Person culture: It is relate with employees at workplace in which manager have to focus
on workers performance at workplace. For this manger provide their support to workers
at the time of performing task. It directly contribute in improving their overall
performance and productivity as well.
Politics:
Organisational politics can be considered as informal efforts which perform by the
employees within the organization to sell an idea or to achieve influence within an environment
(Reb and Atkins, 2015). Along with this, it is consider as a negative factor as some time
experienced and hard workers do net get expected appraisal which negatively affect their
performance because they feel demotivated towards the job. As there are some major impact of
organizational politics on team behaviour and individual performance as well:
2

 Increase stress: Negative organizational politics directly affect the workers performance
as it increase stress level of the employees. This is because they do not get appraisal as
per job and performance as well (Pepper, 2016). It also increase the dispute and conflicts
among staff members at workplace. It directly affect the individual and team members
performance. Less concentration: Organisational politics also negatively affect workers performance
because, senior workers some time takes advantage of authority that has been provided
by firm to them. It reduce workers concentration towards their job activities and engage
them in activities which are not beneficial to the organisation.
 Reduce productivity: By using unfair politics, workers are also get appraisal who are not
able to perform their task. It negatively impact on another hard working employees with
the business.
Power:
Organizational power is relate with authority. As the person have power and authority to
influence another workers to perform job activities. For example, if person who use right power
than they easily motivate their workers by providing them guidance and training at workplace. In
context of A David & Co Limited, there are different type of power are as follower: Legitimate power: It relate with workers power which is based on their job activities and
position as well. The person with making ideal utilization of authority will be able to
influence members in a team to perform ideally in the workplace. This will directly
contribute in developing workers motivation to perform best for attaining higher position. Reward power: It is defined to be an ability of a manger to control rewards which are to
be offered to employees. Rewarding people who have perform competently leads to
formation of productive environment within an organisation. By providing this, workers
can enhance their motivation level towards the job responsibilities. Coercive power: It relate with those power that used by manager to push their workers to
perform allotted task. In case they are not perform then workers get punishment from
their leader. By this employees getting demotivated and also reduce their productivity
level.
3

 Expert power: This power focus in motivating workers and make them able to perform
allotted task in systematic manner (Otley, 2015). This will directly contribute in
maintaining positive and healthy relation among all the workers at workplace.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
Motivation is important for every worker and people to perform their task in appropriate
manner. In absence of motivation, employees will not be able to perform activities as desired by
the management. In this context, motivation is the factor which can motivate workers in positive
manner. For this company use different theories to motivate workers so that they can easily attain
desirable goals and objectives (Content Theory and Process Theory of Motivation, 2016). In this
context A David & Co Limited use content and process theory to influence employees at
workplace. This leads to long term success of organization and firm can maintain positive image
at market. It also enhances the reputation of A David & Co Limited . This also results in
generation of huge revenues and organization can enhance the market share. It results in
accomplishment of objectives of company. As content theory refer to why human needs are
continuously change with the time. Mainly it define particular factors which help in motivating
workers behaviour at workplace. It include Maslow and Herzberg two factor theory which
motivate workers within the organization.
Maslow need hierarchy theory: Physiological needs: These are the basic needs such as air, shelter, food, clothing,
warmth, sleep etc. These needs helps in fulfilling the basic needs of all workers. These
needs help in raising the standard of living of employees. It results in increasing the
satisfaction of all worker's. Safety needs: These needs help in providing security to all worker's. It also provides
freedom from fear and protection from different elements. This also motivates workers to
give good results. Love and belongingness needs: It helps in creating trust and friendly environment in
firm. This motivates workers to perform better. Esteem needs: It helps in giving status and recognition to all employees. This helps in
increasing productivity of firm because this type of needs provide respect to the workers
4

at workplace. This will help in increasing their productivity level (Zhu and et. al., 2015).
It can be in two factors internal and external both are important for employees to improve
their performance level.
 Self actualization needs: It helps in recognizing the potential of all workers. This results
in growth and development of all employees. Development of all employees help to
attain the organisational objective of higher performance.
Herzberg two factors theory:
This theory includes two factors which is important for workers to get motivation at
workplace. Hygiene factors: It relate with job factors that help in motivating workers towards the
responsibilities (Mohammad and et. al., 2015). If this type of factors are not provide to
employees then they are dissatisfied. It include status, fringe benefits, pay and so on. All
these are important for workers for performing allotted task and ultimately fulfilling
organisational objectives.
 Motivational factors: It is one of the important factor for workers as it help in providing
positive satisfaction towards the job. It includes various motivational factors such as
sense of achievement, responsibility, recognition and many more. All these are important
for employees to enhance their performance level. The motivated workforce tends to put
more efforts into attaining pre-determined corporate goals.
Process theory:
It is also an important motivation theory which help in improving the performance level
of the workers by developing employees skills and knowledge. With the help of this they easily
perform their task in effective manner. It includes various factors are as follows: Theory of expectancy: This theory provides about that individual will behave or act in a
certain way because they are motivated to select specific behaviour over other
behaviours. This will help in achievement of team objectives as they feel motivated in
their perspective teams and provide their best towards their function. Setting goals: This theory focus on providing clear goals and target to workers for
enhance their skills to perform task. The goal setting approach can be considered as one
of the significant way to make sure that employees contribute ideally to the
organisational objectives.
5

 Theories of equity: Under this theory, manager needs to provide equal treatment to every
workers at workplace for enhancing their productivity.
 Theories of reinforcement: It includes behaviour of employees at workplace. With the
help of this manager of the David and Co. Limited can easily determine the issues and
conflicts with the purpose of improving performance.
TASK 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
In today's competitive world, every single organisation looks forward to have an effective
team so that to accomplish all the desired goals and objectives (Knights and Willmott, 2016). In
order to make team much productive or efficient it is responsibility or duty of an HR manager of
A David & Co Limited. to keep on looking into all the issues which has been faced by
individuals that are in a squad. With the help of this, company may easily go through all the
difficult situations. Building an effective team might put full efforts in completing a task but an
ineffective team may not try the same. Apart from this, delivering training on the areas where
team or individuals of squad are weak may aid HR manager in enhancing skills and knowledge
of them (Kitchin, 2017). On the other hand, it is also necessary for manager to try to develop
behaviour of staff members where they can easily adapt all the changes which has been made by
A David & Co Limited.
Apart from this, an ineffective team may lead this company to face number of issues like
compromise with quality of fruits and food items, less productivity, decrease in goodwill,
reduction in customer base and non attainable chances of desired targets. This may put A David
& Co Limited. in a deep trouble. Thus, it is required for HR manager of this firm to keep on
developing chances of delivering training to team and reduce all the conflicts and confusion
which has been faced by every single individual of a squad.
In order to better understand about effective and ineffective team, there is a
differentiation has been done beneath:
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Discussion Discussion among all the ideas
which has been given by
individuals of an effective
This type of squad usually do
not discuss with each other
individuals of a team because
6

team can be considered as a
crucial aspect which
differentiates efficient team
from an inefficient squad.
Decision is only being made
after a healthy discussion
among team mates leading to
better results.
of egoistic points or less
knowledge over set objective.
This may lead A David & Co
Limited. to face number of
problems. For an example:
Increase in expenses, less
productive environment,
reduction in profit margins and
much more.
Listening Listening to each other and
implementing ideas can be
helpful in improving over
weak areas (King, 2017).
Individuals of an effective
team usually supports other
squad mates. Thus, this may
create a positive working
environment which may bring
unique ideas in minds of
members of a squad (Andriof
and et. al., 2017).
Team members of an
ineffective team majorly do not
listen to each other and
believes that they are right and
superior than others. This
attitude of team mates makes
them less effective in nature.
Thus, this can be considered as
another factor which majorly
makes an effective team
different from an inefficient
squad.
Working environment Proper discussions in between
an effective team helps in
creating a healthy working
environment. The members
have trust and respect for each
other which may lead an
effective team in hitting their
targets in desired time frame.
Less effective working
environment can be created by
an ineffective team. Thus, it
may impact over profit
margins of A David & Co
Limited. and effect reputation
as well.
7

Belbin's Theory:
Dr. Meredith Belbin found this theory in 1969. purpose of this hypothesis was to define
propensity of team members and behaviour of them towards organisation. Theory is enclosed
with number components that may aid HR manager of A David & Co Limited. to build an
effective team. These factors are given beneath:
Plant: Implementing new tools and techniques with the help of creative mindsets can be
helpful for team of A David & Co Limited. to face and resolving number of issues and problems.
Resource allocator: Under this, management needs fund, material and manpower to
perform task (Katou, 2015). Thus, it is important for manager to provide resources to workers so
that execution of different business activities of A David & Co Limited. can be done in much
effective and efficient manner.
Co-ordinator: Organizer or coordinator of a team majorly helps in building up
confidence through appropriate delegation of tasks among team mates in order to hit desired
targets of A David & Co Limited.
Shaper: Challenging and dynamic nature of a team of A David & Co Limited. may aid in
hitting targets in much effective and efficient manner.
Monitor evaluator: Sober and strategic ability of a manager might help in making right
decisions and may aid in looking at different sections.
(Source: Belbin's Team Roles, 2018)
Teamwork: While being in a team, transformation of information with keeping a
cooperative mind set of individuals of a squad in hitting targets of A David & Co Limited.
8
Illustration 1: Belbin's Team Roles

Implementer: Implementing strategies and approaches related to different factors
majorly related to functions and system may aid in going through issues which has been faced by
A David & Co Limited.
Complete: This is being considered as the last phase where, execution of activities takes
place of team keeping eyes over quality and delivering right experience to customers as per
demand (Kasemsap, 2016).
On the other hand, A David & Co Limited. easily enhance their productivity level. In this
context there are some teams which are used by company to perform their task. This can be
understood by following points:
Functional team:
These are the team which complete specific plan or activity of an organisation. Every
team member have to play the specific role and responsibility that are allotted by the manager.
Manager of A David & Co Limited. has given directions to firm so that they can accomplish the
objectives. This helps the organization to accomplish the objectives.
Importance: By creating function team, A David & Co Limited. can perform complicated
activity or tasks in limited time. It helps in saving time and cost of company by performing
optimum utilization of resources.
Problem solving team:
It is prepared by certain organization as it has to give solution to many problems and
issues. Team members have specific knowledge and skills which is being utilised to deal with the
situation. Staff members create future plans so that they can improve their performance.
Importance: It helps in identifying many issues which have to be solved on continuous
basis. This results in improving the performance of all persons.
Virtual team:
This team uses latest and advanced technologies and staff members interact with other
through video conferencing. Workers do not interact face to face. Team members are connected
through internet (Higgs and Dulewicz, 2016).
Importance: A David & Co Limited. sometimes has to develop virtual team and here, its
importance can be understood with the given example. For instance: company while conducting
meetings, can take help of technologies for communicating with virtual teams who are in
9

different locations. As a result it will assist A David & Co. limited in making effective decisions
for their business.
Project team:
This team completes every activity in proper manner. Staff members are selected as per
requirements (Axelsson and Easton, 2016).
Importance: Major importance of this team is that it aid in completing all specific
activities of a set project in proper manner. With the help of this, A David & Co Limited. can
give strong competition to its rivals as they will be able to undertake projects more effectively
and efficiently.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organisational
It has been analysed that there are ample number of theories and philosophies of
organisational behaviour which can be used by firms in different situations that has been faced
by A David & Co Limited. On the other hand, majorly it has been found that only two type of
factors that may affect A David & Co Limited in different areas:
Nature of people: Proper examination of it individuals needs to be done by HR manager
may aid in improving overall performance of them (Gkorezis and Petridou, 2017). There are
some of factors which majorly impacts negatively on behaviour of an individual and these are
given beneath: Perception: Individual at workstation might have different perceptions like bad image for
company, problem with seniors and more, may raise number of issues for A David & Co
Limited.
 Biases of manager: In many situations manager has to become bias which may impact on
behaviour and performance of an individual at workstation.
Nature of organisation: In present context, process, structure, group of activities, aims,
human and materials are some of major factors of an organisation which shows nature of it in
business world. It is required for HR Manager of A David & Co Limited. to do proper
examination of every single activity related to workforce so that overall performance of
organisation can be raised. This may include different systems which are mentioned beneath:
10