Organizational Behaviour Report: Unit 12 Analysis and Findings

This report provides a comprehensive overview of organizational behaviour, examining the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance within the context of 1Spatial, plc. It delves into Handy's theory of culture, analyzing power, role, task, and person cultures. The re...Read More

Unit 12: Organizational
Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO 1 ................................................................................................................................................3
Presenting the influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour...................................3
M1...........................................................................................................................................4
LO 2.................................................................................................................................................5
Presenting the content and process theories of motivation....................................................5
M2...........................................................................................................................................7
D1...........................................................................................................................................7
LO 3.................................................................................................................................................8
What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.........................................8
M3.........................................................................................................................................10
LO 4...............................................................................................................................................10
Presenting concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour.....................................10
M4.........................................................................................................................................11
D2.........................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is a study which helps to interact with different types of
peoples. While on the other side, organization culture is the set of experiences and behaviour
which guide members of different types. The present study main aim is to provide the knowledge
related to organizational behaviour as well as culture. The chosen company for this report is
1Spatial, plc which is one of the best computer software company in United Kingdom. Report
analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of others and how motivate
techniques helps to motivate the team as well as individuals. Report also understand different
ways to make an effective teams. It describe different concepts and philosophies of
organizational behaviour.
LO 1
Presenting the influence of culture, politics and power on behaviour
Influences of Culture: By applying Handy theory that create powerful impact upon the
modern management thinking and put strong views related to organizational development and
leadership. The theory follows four culture such as:
 Power: This helps to control radiates from the centre and it is usually follow strong
culture and there are few regulations and rules in a power culture (Handy theory, 2018).
Employees are generally judged by what they achieve rather than what they doing.
 Role: In this, 1Spatial's employees people have clearly delegated authorities with high
defined structure and normally this culture follows hierarchical bureaucracy and the
power is derives from person's position.
 Task: This culture generally forms when teams of a firm are formed in order to address
some specific problem. The power is in hands of some specific expert person and there is
no single power source.
 Person: In this type of culture, people believes that they are superior and unique in their
organization (Agbozo and et.al., 2018). If an organization follows person culture than
they really means of collection of an individual only.
Influences of Politics: Politics influence the company in two types and creates impact in
two types such as positive as well as negative:

 Positive workplace politics: Employees who learn to navigate the politics of an
organization are more productive and they help to maximizes the profit of the company.
Furthermore, to encourage the productivity, 1Spatial has to encourage the productivity
and must develop political culture so that they will easily understand. A company should
also encourage positive politics so that it will help them to treat at equal level and
prevents conflicts that reduce productivity (Aithal and Kumar, 2016).
 Negative workplace politics: If the organization follow negative politics then they will
definitely suffer through conflicts. If the employees of a quoted company will engage in
dishonest behaviour then they get ahead and produce lower level of productivity and did
not achieve the actual goals of the company.
Influences of Power: Power directly influence the working efficiency of the company
such that it is of five types according to raven and French and this are as follows:
 Coercive power: This is based upon the idea of coercion which means that someone is
forced to do the work against will. Th force of power is directly associated positively
with penal behaviour and negative with conditional reward (Anheier, 2014).
 Reward Power: this power is based upon the ability of the employees who wish to do
the work and get reward for doing well performance. This power helps to get good result
that further help to increases the productivity of the company.
 Legitimate power: rewarding and punishment are the parts of this power and most of the
managers in a company can also execute it which is based upon their role but on the other
side, this power can overcome as well as losses the position and weak or forced people to
leave their position.
 Referent Power:This is based upon the ability of management and leader lead this power
and manages their entire work and also appreciate them for their good performance.
 Expert Power: This power is based upon in-depth information and knowledge or
expertise. Therefore it seems that this type of leaders are so intelligent to handle any
situation.
M1
Culture, politics and power directly influences the organizational behaviour and also
enhances the performance of team as well as individuals. Through power. Leader of the company
will easily motivates their team members and get the best output for the welfare of the company.

While on the other side, culture makes positive as well as negative environment that impact upon
the performance of an individual.
LO 2
Presenting the content and process theories of motivation
Content theories:
Maslow- Hierarchy of needs: This is based upon five basic theory and also states that these
needs in hierarchy, beginning with some basic psychological needs and continuing through
safety and belonging, love and esteem and self- actualization. This categories are as follows:
Illustration 1: Maslow' Hierarchy of Needs
(Source: Author's own Figure, 2018)

 Physiological needs: It included the most basic needs such as food, water and shelter.
And if any person is missing this then they will probably the major motivation would be
fulfil by their physiological needs. Such that if all the needs are unsatisfied then a person
can be overrules by these needs (Coccia, 2018).
 Safety and Security: another basic needs of a person are safety as well as security such
that a person has to save its all source of income and the safety needs are refer to person's
desire for security as well as protection. These needs includes personal security, financial
security and safety mesh against accidents.
 Belongingness and love: This states that if both physiological and safety needs are
fulfilled then another needs appear such as love and affection. If the person is lacking this
needs then they will not suffer from lack of motivation and they immediately eliminate th
lack of friends and peers.
 Self- esteem: It means that respect for each other and in a society human needs to feel to
be valued and expect to respect each others. The most stable and healthiest self- esteem is
based upon respect but not from the celebrities. People with low esteem also need respect
from others (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). Which helps to motivate them and lead a
company in better way.
 Self- actualization: It means that people wants to grow themselves and want to choose
many good opportunities for themselves so that it will help to learn and achieve all
defined goals. For 1Spatial also through self- actualization, they learn to accept new
challenges and through their creative minds they want to grow themselves.
Process theories:
Vroom's Expectancy Theory: this theory help to realize the importance of motivation
and also integrates needs of an individual. This is based upon three factors such as
 Expectancy: This factor states that if the person work harder then they will easily
enhances their working performance and in 1Spatial, managers of the company also
provide training session to their employees in order to get best result. Through this
worker start improving their skills as well as performance so that it will help to achieve
all defined goals of a company (Forder, A. and et.al., 2018).
 Instrumentality: under this factor, if the person belief that there is a strong connection
between activity and goal such that if an employee perform well then they will definitely

get reward and company should provide appraisal which is completely based upon
accuracy and consistency of marking. This process assist to raise their motivation level.
 Valence: if the person will get a reward and start valuing their reward then the result is
success. In addition to this, Vroom also supposed that expectancy, instrumentality and
valence if multiplied together then the result comes is motivation and this is shown in a
figure:
M2
As Maslow theory of motivation helps to motivate the employees of 1Spatial and they
will easily get influence the behaviours of each others and through effective application of the
behavioural motivational theories a person can easily overcome those weakness. This theory also
helps to motivate the employees so that they will enhances their working performance and help
to raise production level of the company.
D1
Culture, politics and power are interrelated with each other such that if the company has
good culture it creates positive politics and if the politics of the company is in favour then power
belongs to right person so that overall the performance of the company raise and helps to manage
the production level as well as maximizes the profit (Gagné, Sharma and De Massis, 2014). On
the other side, through motivation techniques employees of the company can also raise their
production level and as a result it will help them to raise profit level of the company. By using
Maslow theory and Vroom Expectancy theory, managers of the company will easily enhances
their skills as well as production level.
Illustration 2: Vroom's Expectancy Theory
(Source:Author's own figure, 2018)

LO 3
What makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
By using Tuckman's stages of group development, an effective team can easily opposed
an ineffective team and this stages are as mentioned below:
Forming: this is the first stage of Tuckman's stages of development in which different
teams of 1Spatial can met and learn about many opportunities as well as challenges. In this an
effective team of a company can easily agrees on the goals and begin to tackle task while on the
other side, an ineffective team do their work as their own and as a result an effective team
opposes an ineffective team. In addition to this, a mature team members begin to model
appropriate behaviour at every work place in early phases while on the other side an ineffective
team members cannot (Arnulf and et.al., 2014). The members of an effective team members start
becoming oriented to the task as well as one another while on the other side, the members of
ineffective team can start discussing out of their comfort zone and as a result there is a possibility
of conflicts.
Illustration 3: Tuckman's Stages of Development
(source: Tuckman's Stages of Development, 2018)

Storming: It is the second stage and there is a chances where group members creates
conflicts and this stages also identifies different hierarchy of the status which are assigned. The
leaders are also assigned and they will creates a positive and polite atmosphere and then people
start becoming pleasant with each other in an effective team. While on the other side, in effective
team some clashes and disagreements are arises and as a result the progress of the team are
affected, so some teams may never emerges from storming. Therefore, it is quite necessary for
the effective team members to solve all the disputes and then lead a team in an effective way. As
a result, the members of a team will have to resolve their differences and be able to participate
with each other in an comfortable manner (Zayas-Ortiz and et.al., 2015). But on the other side,
tension and struggle will become them frustrate and they will not lead a team in more effective
way so that it is quite necessary for them to resolve all the disputes and work to achieve a
common goals.
Norming: it is the third stage under which if in an ineffective team resolve disagreements
and clashes can result into greater intimacy and the cooperation also emerges if the team will not
perform well during their performance. However it has been critically analysed that in effective
team members, if the team is aware of related competition and they share a common goals and
people start taking responsibility of their own then this stage will be completed. If the team
members of effective team will start tolerating whims and fancies of another team then they will
on the way of progress and also prevent themselves from the further conflicts. The biggest
danger here is that members are also focused on preventing conflicts so that they will easily
share their ideas in order to make their team more effective. While on the other side, in an
ineffective team, members will not do this because they did not share the common goals.
Performing: If the team is reaches on this stage then it means that they are performing
well and group members are achieving the common goals because they are on unexpectedly on
high level of success. In this stage the members of the team are motivated and knowledgable
(Wilson, 2018). They are on the stage of taking best decision for the welfare of the company. In
this stage, supervisor of an effective team are also participating in order to make their team
motivates so that they will perform well. If the leader of an effective team can change their
leadership style then it may cause the team to revert to storming because new people challenges
the existing norms as well as dynamics of a team.

M3
In order to lead a team of 1Spatial, it is necessary to use the Tuckman's theory which help
to achieve the common goals and attain defined objectives so that it helps to maximizes their
profit. A relevant or an effective team will definitely improve their performance if they will
continuously uses the theory into proper way. As a result it help to support the development of
dynamic cooperation.
LO 4
Presenting concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour
To enhance the organizational behaviour of 1Spatial, it is necessary to use concepts and
philosophies of the organizational behavioural and for this purpose, path goals theory will help to
improve the working performance of the employees. It is the model that helps 1Spatial to
enhances the output of the company by continuous improving the performance of their
employees (Rothbard and Brett, 2017). According to this theory, it states that the leaders of a
company should be focused on their actual work as well as types of leaders behaviour. They
must opt different style as per the situation and also provide focus as well as support to their
employees so that they will help to achieve all defined goals of a company. As per this theory the
right leader is that person who adopt right leadership style which is depends upon the situation
and the employees. The path- goal theory identifies four leadership styles which are as
mentioned below:
 Directive leadership: Under this, leaders of the company know their roles and
responsibilities such that they also provides the clear guidelines in regards to their
process and also keep motivating them in order to perform well as per the requirement.
Therefore, this management style is more suitable for the 1Spatial because they needed
close supervision (Conger, 2017).
 Supportive leadership: As per this, leaders pay a lot of attention and well being of their
employees. Their behaviour is unique and treat their employees with respect and also
supports them. This is suitable for those management style where the employee has
personal problem and they did not believe in himself and as a result they demotivated.
 Achievement oriented leadership:this type of leaders set challenging goals and they
also expect achievement on the highest level from their employees and trust to handle the

situation in easy way. This type of leaders forces their employees to perform in an
excellent way. For this, employees who are able to work fully and have the problem
solving capacities which is more suitable for this management style.
 Participative leadership: this type of leaders are uses their employees opinions as well
as ideas in order to achieve the target of their company. It means that leaders of a
company are open to discuss and consult with their team members and they also include
the suggestions from their employees in his decision-making process (Onyishi, 2017).
The leaders will uses this theory in order to make their employees feel that they are also
quite important for their organization and they also put their point of views so that it will
help them to achieve best goals and objectives for the welfare of the company.
The path goals theory also assumes that the leaders of a company are quite flexible and
can adapt their leadership style as per the situation. As a result, this influences by the
environment and the level of employees as well as ability of worker also play an important role.
It also ensures that leaders also improve the output of their organization in order to influence
their employees and also guide them to lead or attain their goals. Therefore, it is quite necessary
for a company to follow path goal theory in order to achieve all defined goals of a company and
through this leadership style the company will proceed to further level of success.
M4
Concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour influences the behaviour of an
employees in both positive as well as negative way. Such that if the leader of the company
follow directive leadership then it will creates negative impact. while on the other side, if the
leaders follow participative leadership style then it will help them to keep involving their
employees in order to make them comfortable within the working area.
D2
Tuckman's theory of motivation will help an individual to raise their working efforts so
that the team of a company will easily achieve their all defined goals and objectives (Agbozo and
et.al., 2018). While on the other side, the philosophies and behaviour of the company will also
affect company's employees performance. In addition to this, path goal theory of team
development will also help to change their leadership style as per the situation of a company.

CONCLUSION
By summing up above report it has been concluded that organizational behaviour plays
an important role in 1Spatial. Report present that culture and politics and power that directly
creates influences upon the individual as well as team development. Report also shows that by
using Maslow theory, leader also motivate their new employees in order to get best result for the
welfare of a company. In addition to this, process theory also help to achieve the goals and by
using Tuckman's theory which help to make a team an effective and also opposed to an
ineffective team. Report also concluded that by using Path goal theory, the leaders of a company
can adopt different styles so that it will help them to sort out different problems.

REFERENCES
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Wilson, F. M., 2018. Organizational behaviour and work: a critical introduction. Oxford
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