Organizational Behaviour Report: Theories and Practices at Wal-Mart

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour, focusing on key elements such as organizational culture, power dynamics, and workplace politics, using Wal-Mart as a case study. The report delves into various theories, including Hofstede's cultural dimensions and Handy's model, to understand how culture shapes employee behaviour and influences organizational performance. It examines the impact of power structures, including legitimate, expert, and coercive power, on employee attitudes and productivity. Furthermore, the report explores motivation theories, both process and content-based, such as Vroom's expectancy theory, equity theory, and operant conditioning, to determine how organizations can effectively encourage and engage their employees. The report also discusses the characteristics of effective and ineffective teams and explores core organizational behaviour concepts. The conclusion summarizes the key findings and emphasizes the importance of understanding organizational behaviour for effective leadership and management.

Organizational
behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENT
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................3
TASK1.......................................................................................................................................3
Organisation’s culture, politics and power convince person and behaviour of team member............3
TASK2.......................................................................................................................................6
Process as well as content theories of motivation and motivational method allow effective
accomplishment of goals in an organisational context.......................................................................6
TASK3.....................................................................................................................................11
Effective team as unlike to an ineffective team...............................................................................11
TASK4.....................................................................................................................................14
Concept and viewpoint in organization behaviour...........................................................................14
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................................16
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................17

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is determined as a parcel of administration that continues deal
with politics, power as well as culture within business organisation. It also help in providing
protection regarding the attitude of subordinate which imposes direct influence on level of
performance. It will also aid assistance in promoting leadership and administration within
business organisation in order to co-ordinate. In the given assignment The Chosen Company
is Wal-Mart they deal with wide variety of product and services for fulfilling the necessity of
customer. In this assignment they persuade of power, culture and politics will impose on the
presentation level of organisation. The firm can adopt management or administration of
effective team which aids assistance in gaining favourable outcome. It also help in assessing
how the organisation adapt theories that help in encouraging subordinate in order to gain
success of organisation with encourage subordinate (Lu and Kuo, 2016).
TASK1
Organisation’s culture, politics and power convince person and behaviour of team member.
Organisation culture is internal configuration and helps organisation in assesses
individual behaviour and signifies beliefs, values as well as bring positive Ambience at
workplace. It helps in encouraging subordinate continuously. The organisation has to define
clearly about the policy of Organisation in order to handle the smooth operation of
organisation with effective inflow and outflow of information. There are various theories that
help the organisation in encouraging subordinate and result success. Several theories that is
given below:
Hofstead cultural dimensions models
Culture signifies principles, believe that is in connected to the subordinate relationship
in organisation which is essential to maintain good ambience at workplace. It also useful in
handling the environment in relation to work that creates a favourable behaviour attitude in
relation to the function of organisation.
Masculinity vs. femininity: This is connected to diverse culture as per the gender in
organisation. It is states that there are both type of gender which is necessary to maintain
favourable Ambience in company in context of Wal-Mart it is necessary to maintain balance
among the men and women because they perform their employment in an effectual method.

Individualism vs. collectivism: It signifies business organisation must adopt the
efforts in group other than the efforts made by the individual person that assists in
maintaining the procedure. In context of Wal-Mart they focal point on provide support in
group to the team member for their growth and clutch opportunity for establishment
Uncertainty avoidance Index: In current context due to dynamic changes in the
environment it is needed to manage the appropriate civilization for reduce ambiguity. This
helps in Wal-Mart to ignore the ambiguity and provide secured career of business
organisation.
Long term orientation: This is connected to generating and maintaining effective
relationship among subordinate for completion goal. It is necessary to to improve the level of
performance in Wal-Mart for encouraging employee with boosting efficiency level.
Handy’s model of organisation culture
Power culture: This culture indicates that authority must be in hand of some person
in which they have whole power in relation to the need as well as necessity of organisation.
The supervisor of Wal-Mart also focuses on giving right to the third person in managing the
subordinate and take effective decision and that result in success of organisation. If the
supply of power is lower than the employee will be demotivated and that leads to decrease in
level of productivity. It also facilitates to take decision which is necessary for success of
organisation therefore the firm must be use this kind of culture within organisation (Primc
and Čater, 2016).
Task culture: This is connected to build the effective team which assists to the
supervisor in accomplishing goal of organisation. It provides facility to it subordinate in
providing opportunity for individual and specialized development of Organisation. In
reference of Wal-Mart it is necessary to build team according to the necessity and increase
the level of profit within Organisation. In this culture the supervisor of business organisation
focuses on improving the level of performance of subordinate.
Person culture: This is the kind of culture which is linked with the employees of
organisation they are considered as an important parcel of organisation. Therefore it
impossible directs influence on the subordinate as well as their enhancement. It can be
influenced by Wal-Mart as they execute various changes or alteration in organisation.

Role culture: This is a kind of culture where authority or power is conveyed by to it
subordinate this is a kind of culture where subordinate have take important decision in
reference of Wal-Mart they offer their subordinate the authority in order to resolve the
specific work.
It helps to the Wal-Mart in reaching to its success by effective utilisation of resources
with larger profitability level.
Powers
Organisation power signifies competence that affects attitude of subordinate and
encourages them to carry out the work for accomplishing objective. This impact on attitude
of subordinate and also provide guidance to carry out the work in various places. The
administrator of Wal-Mart adapt to the diverse technique that is going to be given below:
Legitimate power: Here in the primary point of this is always bring some kind of
power which a given to supervisor in providing direction to it subordinate in Organisation. In
context of Wal-Mart it has been stated that there are various kind of power as supervisor
implement its authority in order to reduce the lot of burden of work on Organisation on peak
time (Mostafa and Shen, 2019).
Expert power: This kind of authority is based on specialised skill of person who
assists the director of Wal-Mart focuses on this power they have knowledge for managing the
circumstances which are uncontrollable by subordinate. It also helps in resolving the difficult
issues as well as problem in changing environment of organisation.
Coercive powers: This is a kind of power which is used by organisation for the rules
for implementation of better supervision on the activity of business organisation. In reference
of Wal-Mart this is adopted to maintain the innovative rules within organisation and execute
them for the advantage of achieving goal.
Organizational politics
Politics is considered as a parcel of organisation which imposes direct impact on ideas
or belief of subordinate. It influences adverse effect on organisation as it destroyed the
relationship among subordinate because of increase in conflict and grievances among
subordinate. But if it is adopted for bringing favourable changes within Organisation in order
to boost the confidence level between subordinate in order to increase productivity. In

allusion of Wal-Mart the supervisor focuses on bringing a positive inner politics among the
organisation for increasing the participation level of subordinate and also fulfils their personal
need.
It can be concluded from the above information that there are various kinds of policies
cultures and power within the organisation which have direct influence on the behaviour of
individual as well as the impact the performance of the firm in a given time. Organisation
political impact on the performance of individual behaviour as it directs them to a specific
line so that they can perform effectively.
TASK2
Process as well as content theories of motivation and motivational method allow effective
accomplishment of goals in an organisational context
Motivation is determined as a procedure of prompting the attitude of subordinate
through rewards for accomplishing goal. This is the internal feeling for performing task with
increased level of efficiency. For encouraging employees within business organisation the
supervisors of Wal-Mart adopt both processes and content theory for organisation for
encouraging it subordinates (Sethibe, 2018).
Process theory of motivation: This is the kind of theory that assist the supervisor to
encourage subordinate that help in another process of motivation for the supervisor of Wal-
Mart adapt vroom theory for encouraging subordinate within environment of organisation.
Vroom’s theory
Valence: It indicate the value or worth through which the subordinate is adopt as per
the administration or encouragement of subordinate by using values that are significant for
subordinate. There is variety of values that use in their working time period. All these
necessity must be fulfilled through some kind of rewards such as bonus appraisal as well as
promotion for encouraging or motivating subordinate within firm.
Instrumentally: On the other hand their main purpose is to pay it subordinate within
business organisation it helps in achieving goal of subordinate to accomplishing as per their
necessity with the integration of goal with organisation goal. In allusion of Wal-Mart there

are the different theories for influencing subordinate and convey affirmative feel within
organisation.
Expectancy: In this term some subordinate are anticipating that their performance
level will encourage them to accomplish goal and also eliminating the risk linked with it.
There is variety of elements that helps firm to the subordinate of organisation. It helps to the
Wal-Mart in encouraging its subordinate in order to grab opportunity for organisation.
Equity theory
This theory is based on determining whether the distribution of the different resources
in the organisation is fair for both rational partners within the organisation. This story is
based on the comparison on different ratios of contribution and benefits to the each person
within the organisation on relation of their cost and reward. This theory is based on input and
output method where in common input include the number of hours worked by the
individual, the committed shutdown, user experience both to the role and any person
specification made. some common output which are directly result in receiving and result of
their input to the organisation in the way of some tangible and intangible benefits which
include salary bonus pension annual holiday announcement stock option and many more.
According to this theory there must be balance between the individual output and individual
input as well as other output and other input so that maximum satisfaction can be derived
from working within the organisation and motivation within an individual can be increased.
Operant conditioning theory
According to this theory it is a method of learning that employee reward and
punishment for the behaviour will directly influence there. Through the help of operant
conditioning and association can be made between the behaviour and consequence within the
organisation so that it can increase the satisfaction of employees and manage their motivation
within the organisation. This is the scientific conference and is associated with voluntary
behaviour of individual where it states that they were introduced to increase the good
behaviour within the organisation and punishment introduced to decrease our behaviour of
individual in negative sense. This is useful for different organisation so that motivation and
discipline can be maintained within the firm together.
Goal setting motivational theory

This theory was propounded Edwin Locke, where he states that the goal setting
essential linked to the task performance within the organisation as well as it will help in
specific and challenging goals in the organisation so that effective feedback can be achieved
which will directly impact on the higher and better task performance in organisation.
According to himself efficiency can be increased through regular evaluation and increasing
the faith and confidence of individual where they have to perform the potential task to
increase self-efficiency. important part of this theory it assume that individual is committed to
the perfect rule which will help him in opening and increasing his knowledge broadcast so
that we can achieve self-goals as well as improve his security on his working for achievement
of proper motivation and designated targets.
Content theory of motivation
This is considered as those motivational theories that help the management team in
making effective deal with encouragement of subordinates by satisfy their necessity through
adopting or accepting the behaviour or attitude within business organisation. It aids assistance
in increasing the level of productivity just because of encouraged workforce within
organisation. The Wal-Mart focuses on adopting the Maslow hierarchy theory for
encouraging employees.
Maslow's Hierarchy Theory: In 1950 the Maslow theory was specified by Abraham
Maslow. In each level they focus on satisfying the necessity of subordinate in order to
encourage them for realize objective. In allusion of Wal-Mart the administrator focuses on
fulfilling the necessity of subordinate at every level and aids assistance in carry out their
performance in improved manner there are various level which are involved in this theory
that is discussed below:
Physiological need: This is the first stage of Maslow theory it embrace overall need
for survival of employees. It includes food, air, water and many more. In situation of Wal-
Mart, it is vital satisfying the basic necessity of employees for achieving goal during
particular phase of time period.
Safety & security Needs: After fulfilling the above mentioned it is significant to grant
safety to its subordinate such as medical benefit, old age pension and so on. In context of
Wal-Mart the supervisor emphasized on provide guidance or protection to its subordinate for
encouraging them towards goal (Ma, Liu and Wang, 2016).

Social Needs: After fulfilling the basic or safety need it is important to satisfy the
social or belongingness necessity of subordinate. In context of Wal-Mart the supervisor
focuses on satisfying this need in order to create positive Ambience at workplace.
Esteem Needs: In this level, it is vital to fulfil necessity of employees is getting
fulfilled. It includes status, self-respect as well as prestige and many more. In context of Wal-
Mart the supervisor focuses on providing incentive to its subordinate for encouraging them.
Self-Actualization Needs: Herein the self-actualization necessity of employees must
be accomplished. The supervisor of Wal-Mart focuses on the work that is carried out by
subordinate for satisfying or fulfilling their necessities.
Theory X and Y
This theory was developed by MC Gregor, according to him for maintaining the
motivation within the organisation every manager must meet a junction about the employees
and adaptive management approach that is directly based upon these assumptions. According
to him there are two main categories that can be adopted by the manager. These categories
are described below:
Theory X: according to this the average human being within an organisation has an
inherited dislike of the work and will avoid the work if it is possible these kinds of employees
are put in the category of X and the will be motivated by effectively control and direction so
that they can perform at the organisation for achievement of organisational objectives.
Theory Y: this part of this theory states that work is natural as play on a rest where
external control and threat of punishment are not the only means to bringing the efforts of
individual toward the organisation objective. Times there are some individuals within the
organisation were self-directed and self-control toward the achievement of the organisation
and motivation can be bringing in these kinds of employee by providing some incentives or
authorities.
He states that use of both theory will help the organisation in managing food
interested and non interest rate and will increase the performance.
ERG theory

This theory was propounded by Clayton Alderfer, according to him there are three kinds of
need which can bring motivation within the individual and will significantly contribute
towards the growth of the organisation and help in achieving the goals and objectives in an
appropriate these dates are described below:
Existence needs: it includes those needs which are related to psychological desire and
include the needs of food water, air, clothing, safety, environment and love and affection.
Relatedness needs: it include the entire social and esteem needs which are
significantly related to the family friends and co-worker employees within the organisation
which will help them in managing success as well as attending the motivation by fulfilments
of these needs.
Growth needs: these are internal esteem and self-acquisition needs which are
important for the person to be achieved after fulfilments of both the above needs. Will made
of these needs will push the person toward the growth as well as increasing its creativity and
productivity within the organisation to complete meaningful task.
This is important part for organisation because it will help in fulfilling the needs of
individuals and achieving targets and appropriate manner.
Herzberg hygiene factor and motivation theory
This theory is directly based on the hygiene sector versus motivator which is
important part of the organisation and is related to fulfilment of the needs of individual and
sense of motivation because of these factors. This is divided motivation into factor he said
that there are two kinds of factor for motivation within the organisation where one are
directly related to fulfilment of normal needs which will retain the interest of employee but
not increase the motivation. And other is the motivator factor which will increase fulfilment
of the motivation.
Motivator: include different factors which are related to some meaningful work
within the organisation and sense of achievement where they will provide the positive
satisfaction at arise from intrinsic condition. This will help the individual in increasing the
motivation by the way of achievement, personal growth and recognition.
Hygiene factors: these are those factors which does not impact on the motives
creation of the individual but provide a positive satisfaction that why so that we can remain

on the job and will maintain hygiene. It includes factor like job security, salary, fright benefit
and many more.
This is important for maintaining the motivation as combination of these factors will
lead to motivation with the individual and help in performing different tasks related to
different opportunities.
It can be evaluated from the above report that there are various motivational technique
which can be adopted by Wal-Mart to increase its functioning at achieve its target in the
meantime. Organisation can use Maslow need hierarchy theory for fulfilments of various
objectives and achieving its motivational target.
TASK3
Effective team as unlike to an ineffective team
Team is considered as important person of business organisation just because they
carry out various task of company by the use of contribution of team member and that result
in success of Organisation in long term. The team is considered as a collection of individual
person sit together for carry out their task in group for maintaining effective team that have
the integration of ability and competence of subordinates.
Effective team: Skill talented as well as competent staffs are handled or manage for
carry out the specific work for task in appropriate way for a completion goal that is
considered as an effective team.
Ineffective team: This is considered as a just opposite side of the effective team.
Herein, the subordinate are not able to provide their cooperation with one another that create
difficulties or problems in accomplishing goal of organisation (Sethi, 2019).
Difference between effective and ineffective team
Effective team Ineffective team
In case of effective team there are various
activity and function which are integrated
among the employees or subordinate in equal
manner as per the capability to carry out their
specific task therefore the member are
In case of ineffective team there is no
appropriate division of task among the
employees therefore it decreases the moral
satisfaction of subordinate.

motivated to achieve goal of Organisation in
order to accomplish them.
Herein it is necessary for taking appropriate
decision to take the opinion or view of
subordinate that help them in enhancing the
motivation level of employees within
business organisation.
The decision takes the appropriate decisions
which will necessary for organisation. There
is no engagement of subordinate in taking
effective decision that motivates employees.
There are various differences in both effective as well as in effective team in relation
to Wal-Mart they can adopt the team in an effective manner.
Tuckman Theory of team development:
Tuckman was given the theory related to development of team in the year of 1965 the
primary purpose of this concept is to improve the effective team for achieving objective of
organisation by using some or several levels that is going to be given below:
Forming: In the primary stage the organisation adopt to sit together in order to
perform their work in appropriate manner. Here in the Talent or skill of various individual
people are integrated together for achieving favourable outcomes.
Storming: The data or information in connection with work of every individual
person will be offered to them. It helps in assessing their role as well as responsibility as a
team member within business organisation (Anitha, 2016).
Norming: This theory signifies duties as well as regulation are executing within
organisation and also adopt the effective utilisation of resources without any kind of wastage.
Here in the team start work in cooperation for carry out the different task.
Performing: In this level the performance level of member of team is started and they
carry out their task which is allotted by supervisor of organisation for completing their project
in timely manner.
Adjourning: In the last phase the employee’s focuses on separating with each other
after accomplishing the goal for finishing of project for which the team member is sitting
together.
It is easy to the supervisor of company in resolving issues as well as grievances that is
necessary within organisation. The manager of Wal-Mart can adopt the different method to