Organizational Behavior Report: Culture, Power, and Politics

This report examines organizational behavior within the context of ASDA, a British supermarket chain. It delves into how organizational culture, power dynamics, and political influences affect individual and team behavior. The report explores various models and theories, including Charles Handy's cultural model and French and Raven's power theory, to analyze these influences. It assesses the impact of different organizational cultures (power, role, task, and person) and power structures (coercive, reward, legitimate) on employee performance and productivity. Furthermore, it evaluates the role of motivation theories in achieving organizational goals, emphasizing the importance of employee engagement and effective team development. The report identifies the relationships between these aspects and offers recommendations for fostering a positive work environment and enhancing overall organizational success, drawing on both content and process theories to achieve desired goals effectively. The report also explores the significance of effective teams, comparing them with ineffective teams and analyzing relevant theories for fostering dynamic cooperation. Finally, it applies concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior, describing them in both positive and negative ways to analyze their influence on workplace behavior.

Organizational
Behavior

Table of content
Contents
TASK1....................................................................................................................................................3
P1 Describe how organization culture, power and politic individual team behavior...............................3
M1 Critically analyses how the culture, politics and power of an organization can influence individual
and team behavior....................................................................................................................................5
D1 Identify the relation between the three aspect to gain success and recommendation.........................5
TASK 2...................................................................................................................................................5
P2 Evaluate content and process theory method achieve the desire goal and objective effectively.........5
M2 How it influences the behavior the application of behavior and other theories and model................7
TASK 3.......................................................................................................................................................8
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective...........8
M3 Analyze relevant team and group development theories to support the development of dynamic co-
operation................................................................................................................................................10
TASK 4.....................................................................................................................................................11
P4. Application of concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior.............................................11
M4 Describe the different concept and philosophy in both positive and negative way..........................12
D4 Effective analyses the development theory, concept and philosophy which influence behavior in the
workplace..............................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION.....................................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organization behavior is the method to understand the human activities within the
company or in the group. This is also associated with the understanding different work
environment and to control the different working environment (Abubakar and et., al., 2019). One
of the major advantages of the behavior is to revitalizethe theory and develop a better concept of
the life. The study consists of different areas of research as they are dedicated to providing job
satisfaction, promoting, innovation and encouraging leadership which help to overcome the
problems effectively. It also known as the foundation of corporate human resource which help in
increasing the desire aims and objective to company in the well define manner. The present
report is based upon ASDA which is British supermarket chain which basically deals in grocery
and financial services. The company headquarter is located in Leeds, UK. Apart from this
company was founded in year 1949 and there are different stores in entire UK. The work
describes about the different culture, power and politics which help in performance of individual
behavior. Further different theories are explained to achieve desire aims and objective. The
effective and ineffective team are described as to achieve the outcomes. Different philosophies
are used to manage and control the different aspect effectively as to overcome the
problemsituation.
TASK1
P1 Describe how organization culture, power and politic individual team behavior
In the company there are different ways in which the company and the team are affected
and in result in it directly impact the performance as well as productivity of the firm. There is
different factor, such power, politic in organization and organization culture all these factors tend
to affect the behavior of employees and workers. As to understand the culture the ASADA
management have used different theory and models to improvise the plan and to bring out
effective result to minimize the waste and bring out effective result. Here are the detail
explanation of different culture, power and politics which are describe below in detail manner:
Culture:
Culture is the characteristics and the knowledge of the particular group of people, which
encompass of various language, ethnic background and social habit.Every enterprise use to their
own set beliefs and values on which they operate their daily activity in the well define manner.
The culture of the company uses to describe the different working performance of employees.
This to vital for the firm like ASDA to have effective culture as to increase the efficiency and it
also help in creating healthy environment present in the organization. There different model
which can be used by the company like Charles Handy model and John Lewis model are
explained below:
According to Charles Handy’s model for organization culture, there are four types of
culture which the organizations follow in detail way:
Power culture:In most of the company the power is in the hand of the top-levelexecutive
and it is considered as traditional method. They are the person in the organization who enjoy the
various privilege in the company. Hence this effect the performance of the employees because

most of the decision are taken by the upper level which slow down the involvement of
employees. As to overcome the problems ASDA management have to make changes in their
policies which provide engagement of employees as to overcome the problems effectively. In
this type of culture workers to do have right to express their view and there is gap between the
upper level and workers. . The managers in such a type of culture sometimes can be partial to
someone or the other leading to major unrest among others. This may impact the productivity
and profitability of the company.
Role culture: These is the kind of organization where each and every employee have
some authority and duty to achieve their desire aims and objective as per the company needs and
wants. In such kind of culture, the employees decide whether to accept the challenge. The
workers are responsible for their work which are assigned to them (Barrett, 2018). These kinds
of culture are often seen in the modern organization as they are more efficient. Hence this aid
increasing the productivity and overall performance which is essential for the firm. Every
individual is accountable for something or the other and must take ownership of the work
assigned to them. Power comes with responsibility in such a work culture which enhance the
overall productivity and profits for the organization.
Task culture: These are the organization which is used to form the different aspect
which comes as per the assigned role. In such kind of working environment, the common interest
plays avital role which overcome the issues faced by the company. In such kind of method every
team member has to some contribution to fulfil the task in the effectively manner. In the context
of ASDA, the manager has to provide task to each, and every employee has this method help in
increasing the working culture and performance of the workers efficaciously.
Person culture: In such kind to culture, person think that they are more important than
firm which they are working. In this the individual is concerned about their own role rather
organization the work. Such kind of organization the decision is taken slowly and there is lack of
motivation present in the business. As to improve this culture ASDA have to rethink on the flaws
and make changes to make more employment training secessionwhich help in encourage them to
become more loyal towards customer.
Power:
This refers to the authority which different people who enjoyed all the preference which
are associated with the growth of the organization. This is essential to have distribution of power
as this help in reducing the stress and workload within the enterprise. For the organization like
ASDA the management have to include adopted (French and Raven) theory to identify the
various source of power and implementing effective ways of power distribution to achieve
maximum output from other resources.Here is the detail explanation of this theory which briefly
explained down below:
French and Raven’s Power model
Coercive power: This arise from the believe in which the person can usually punish the
lower authority which is used to maintain develop proper structure as to accomplish desire aims

and objective in the well define manner (French and Raven's Five Forms of Power. 2020). The
excess use of this power in ASDA may put immense pressure on employees which lead to high
retention of workers.For exampleIn ASDA the manager used to punish the subordinates now and
then hence this is describe as the coercive power where all the top authority tend misuse of
power.
Reward power: In such kind power the authority tends to provide promotion and raise
salary of the workers in order to increase the performance. for the organization like ASDA
reward power must be practice by every manager as this help in increasing desire aims and
objective. Apart from this it helps in motivate workers to fulfil the needs and requirement
effectively.For instance the manager of ASDA identify the individual performance and reward
them hence this will able to increase the motivation level of workers and also improve the
performance of the company.
Legitimate power: This power is mainly considered as unstable as well as unpredictable
as this expects to be obedient and compliant. If the person losses its position or the legitimate
power is instantly disappearing it help in to be more effective rather individual. ASDA have to
reduce such kind of use of power as this do not improve the efficiency as well as productivity.
For example, if the manager losses the position of the store manger then, the person is not liable
to take decision as this create unstable working condition for the company. So the top level
management have to make sure to maintain have proper of planning of staff which help in make
effective use of legitimate power
Politics:
This is considered as unethical behavior which at the workplace which use to reduce
productivity of the workers. Politics must be avoided by the management as there are different
kind of negative impact which slow down the presence and productivity of the firm. because of
the politics the employees are unable to work effectively. So, the management of ASDA tends to
reduce such factor as this they provide authority to the workers to make their own decision to
accomplish desire task in the given time frame. This has been concluded from the above
statement that there are some pros and cons of the different factor. As the management is
responsible to take initiative and bring out useful result for the uplift of culture,politics and
power as this help in increasing the team behavior.Politics can be used positively by taking right
decision which help in providing better opportunity which aid in improving the working
condition of the firm effectively. For example the management can use effective leadership style
which aid in developing healthy environment which aid in providing better opportunity in a well
define manner. Hence this reduce pointless conflict and improve the performance of employees
as well as of worker in a well define manner.
Concluding the above analysis all these factors has positive or negative impact on the people
of organization. Management needs to be more proactive for proper management of these factors
to achieve maximum productivity from the available human resources to achieve the
organization goals.

M1 Critically analyses how the culture, politics and power of an organization can influence
individual and team behavior
These factors have major impact on the team behavior,so this is essential for the firm to
manage and control the different aspect of the firm effectively. There management are
responsible for the outcomes and make sure that each employee is motivated to achieve the
desire goals and objective. So, the manager has to implement new rules and policies where the
workers have ability to take decision which is used to overcome the problems effectively.
D1 Identify the relation between the three aspect to gain success and recommendation
There is different for the company like ASDA is to implement new theories and
philosophy which will enhance the team building and improve the productivity of the firm
effectively. There is different factor such as employee’sengagement is essential, and enterprise
have to constantly use to manage the different factor which help in increasing the desire result
effectively. There is different factor which are used to manage and control the work as per the
need and requirement of the firm.
TASK 2
P2 Evaluate content and process theory method achieve the desire goal and objective effectively
Motivation is the process in which the company have to focus to encourage the
employees to improve the performance and skills to overcome the all the problems and hurdles
effectively. In order to increase the motivation factor in company management have to figure the
different forces through which they can increase the productivity of the firm effectively. As to
manage the task firm have to use different theory which are useful to identify the reason to
increase the employee’s motivation in the well define manner. For the company like ASDA there
must use different kind of theory which help them to accomplish desire aims and objective
effectively.
Content theory:
This theory helps in defining the factor which is used to manage the human behavior. It
also describes about the needs and requirement of the firm effectively. Here is the content theory
which is explained down below:
Maslow hierarchy theory:
This is the theory which was given by Maslow which describe about the different of
human needs with the help of pyramid (Leary, 2019). ASDA must use such theory to achieve the
desire aims and objective of the employees effectively.
Psychological needs: This is considered as the first level in pyramid which comprise of
food, water and shelter. These are the basic needs which person needs and ensure that they have
proper quantity of such needs. So, the manager of ASDA has to focus on the basic needs and
provide all the basis necessity to employees. In the case if the management fails to fulfil the
needs this will create underperformance and company will unable to fulfil the goal and objective.
Safety needs:After the basic needs are fulfil by the person then comes needs which is
essential for the employees and for his family. The management of ASDA have to implement

such policies which used to provide safety such as medical insurance and job security. all these
factor helps is increasing the efficiency to accomplish desire target of company.
Self-esteem needs:In such kind needs, the workers are demanding for the respect and
positioning in the company. As the ASDA manager have to identify the effective workers and
make sure to provide benefits such as increments in position and salary which help in increasing
the motivation to complete the task in the given time frame.
Social needs:As the name suggest, it means love and affection with the collogues and
management as social needs are vital for the people. In ASDA the authority must develop a
model as this help in increasing the communication among the employees and help to maintain a
healthy relation within the department.
Self-actualization:This is considered as the last stage in the model where the employee
does not work for the position. It is essential for the manager of ASDA to focus on such
policieswhich help in encouraging the employees to reach at the self-actualization stage as this
provide benefits to organization which help in accomplish desire aims and objective more
effectively.
Process theory:
This covers the different aspect of which consist of Vroom theory and Adam equity
theory. As this describe about the process how the company operates and work effectively. For
the company like ASDA the administration of company can utilize VROOM and Adam Equity
theory in the management, the description of them as under:
Vroom expectancy theory
Valance:This refers to the smooth process where the company use to manage the work
and completion of work effectively. So, to ensure the constant flow of business activity
ASDA management have to provide motivation and rewards to employee to accomplish
desire outcomes effectively.

Expectancy:It is the process in which the company have to expect from the employees as
to meet the expectation of company. There are different kind of requirement which must be
fulfilled by the top-level management to improve the efficiency of the company.
Instrumentality: It states to the probability to attach by the individual with each
potential execution, so the ASDA have to focus on the expectation and belief of the
respective frame which help to increase the productivity of the firm.
Adam Equity theory
This was discovered by John Stacey as this describe about the balance between the efforts
which is put by the employees. It is essential for the firm to manage the work. Hence this is vital
for the management to implement new theories as it helps inimprove the skills of workers to
accomplish the desire outcomes effectively. This include the hard work and enthusiasm which
help in accomplishing desire outcomes effectively (Buchanan and Huczynski 2019). There must
be proper input and input which ensure that the employees must be feel satisfied to overcome the
problems to accomplish desire aims and objective in the well define manner. For the company
like ASDA this help to create effective working culture as this provide sustainable business
environment for the firm. If the administration of the corporation not able to do this, then it
impacted the implementation of the workforce in uncomplimentary way. They will also not
deliver their all effectiveness and abilities in executing the task. This is vital for the firm to
manage and track the employee’sactivities and take feedback to minimize the risk and improve
the productivity of the individual. This theory helps to provide insight regarding how the person
view their job and what are driving forces through which they can increase the productivity in
the well define manner.
M2 How it influences the behavior the application of behavior and other theories and model
The different behavior theory helps in increasing the efficiency by identifying the
motivation factors. So, this is crucial for the executive of ASDA to manage and control the
different aspect which is used to improve the skills and performance and skills of employees in
the well define manner. there different kind of theories such as content theory which describe
about the motivation factor that how the individual is focused to achieve desire aims and
objective as per the company. Hence the manager has to implement such theory as to boost the
morale of employees and make sure to fulfil the requirement of the firm. In the case of
employees, they have different behavior respective to their job roles so the department head have
the duty to identify the factor which can change the behavior of the employees. For example, in
the company if the person is not motivated than with the help of Adam equity theory
management can increase the motivation level of workers effectively.
TASK 3
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective
Team refers to a group of particular number of people where they are performed to accomplish a
shared goal and aims. In ASDA, when employees are doing their work in a team then the firm is

able to generate more production. There are two types of team effective and ineffective
(Mitonga-Monga and Hoole, 2018). Effective team refers to the group of skilled and
knowledgeable people and they have clear information their goal. Whereas in ineffective team,
individuals are not trained and do their work as per their own mind set by ignoring organizations
plans and strategies.
Differentiation between effective and ineffective team:
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Goals In it, goals and objectives are
specified so that effective
manageable contest between
employee’s aims and the
group objectives is
accomplished. s
Teammates follow obligatory
objectives and aims are
competitively designed so that
each person attempts to
surmount the others. s
Communication Within this, it is two way and
open & correct manifestation
of both options and
sensitiveness is inflected
(Mitonga-Monga and Hoole,
2018).
In ineffective team,
communication is one way
and only ideas and opinion are
communicated.
Conflicts In this type of group, issues
are reduced by interaction,
integrative negotiations and
mediation.
Within it, problems and
conflicts are resolved by
distributive negotiation.
Tuckman’s Team development theory
This concept is formulated by Bruce Tuckman in 1965. It focusses on the way in which a
group appurtenance a task from the initial preparation of the unit by the culmination of the work
(Cox and et. al., 2018). This concept consists five phases, they are defined as under in context of
ASDA:
Forming- It is the first phase, in which team are framed and task or work are allotted. In ASDA,
the administration of the firm determined the knowledge and skills of employees before framing
the group so that they can develop an effective team and assign work as per their competencies
(Schwappach and Richard, 2018).
Storming- In this phase, the team starts to address the work and intimate ideas or opinion. In
ASDA, all the teammates make and broken relation between each other. But it is crucial that a
group has facilitative leadership in this step.
Norming- Within it, group member begins to believe each other and accept imperative
engagement of each and every person of unit. In ASDA, all the teammates accountable and
answerable regarding their task.

Performing- In this step, team are known by high levels of victory, encouragement,
knowledge and skills. In ASDA, all member of the group accomplished their allotted work and
identify as its necromancer.
Adjourning- his is the final phase, in which team are rewarded for their good work. If it
does not do well then management of the firm organize training and development sessions so
that employees can improve their skills and cognition.
Belbin Theory
Action Oriented role
Implementer- In ASDA, the employees who adopt this role are interoperable arranger in the
team. They have the responsibility of framing and developing plans or policies for appropriate
operation of company.
Shaper- In ASDA, with this role of individual are passionate, driven and willful. They
highly concentrate on their work or shaping it in effective manner in term of attaining aims and
objectives in set time duration.
Complete finisher- People of this role are accountable to determine the quality and safety. In
ASDA, workers are responsible to develop plans so that they are known with the stern affect
(Barrett, 2018).
People oriented role
Team worker- In ASDA, individual who has followed this role are highly sensitive people
of the group. They are assistive, helpful and highly accumulated to create a healthy and friendly
working atmosphere.
Coordinator- It refers to those people who make coordination with the group so that all the
person of team can execute their work and task in effective manner and attain the set or common
goal and objective.
Resource investigator- In ASDA, it refers to those persons who are accountable to offer needed
assets, origins and resources to group members according to their work (Mathies, Lee and Wong,
2018). These people are blithesome, forthcoming individual and have several contacts internally
and externally of the group.
Thought oriented role
Monitor- The individual who belong from this role are captious, commonsensible and
bemused. In ASDA, the people of this role are accountable to analyses and determine the
execution of group members so that they are rewarded as per their performance and there are not
be any kind of favoritism at workplace.
Planter- In ASDA, the individual of this role is innovative, primary and imaginative thinker.
These people offer solution of issues by using their creative and innovative thinking skill so that
the problem and complexities can be resolve that are arisen with the team.

Specialist- In ASDA, it is an immeasurable source of cognition in a particular area.
Generally, it mentions to leaders and administrators of the firm who support employees in each
condition and offering effective solution when they are working in a group by using their
effective skills and knowledge.
From the preceding define information it can be determine, that among Tuckman and
Belbin’s team development model, Tuckman model is essential for the firm as it help in
developing and framing an effective team by considering skills and knowledgeable individual
who help the firm in attaining its designed aims and objective sin granted time frame.
Hard skills and Soft skills
Soft skills indicate to those skills which are subjective skills that are very hard to
quantify. These competencies are also known as “people skills” and “interpersonal skill” these
skills are communication, leadership, teamwork, problem solving and many more. Whereas hard
skills refer to those competencies that are teachable skills and easy to quantify (Mydin and et. al.,
2018). These skills can be lean through books, training etc. These kinds of skills include typing
speed, a degree or certificate, machine operation, computer programming and proficiency in a
foreign language etc.
M3 Analyze relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic co-operation
There is different kind development theory which company must use to improve the team
efficiency in the well define manner. This should be implemented timely as this improve the
productivity and ensure about the different aspect to accomplish desire objective effectively.
There is some theory such as Belbin theory which is used to understand the behavior and provide
different role which help in increasing the workforce capability and help in increasing the desire
aims and objective effectively. As this help in increasing the productivity and efficiency of firm
in the well define manner. Apart from this, there is Tuckman theory which consists of different
stage which describe about the how the management provide the task to the employees as to
meet the end requirement of the organization. This model helps to develop the sense of
understanding which is used to manage and control the different aspect of firm affirmatively.
Belbin team roles define the primary role if a team member and back the concept with an
inventory that permits elevation of a team member’s dominant trait. Such awareness permits a
firm to deploy the right individual for the right project and for individual team members to work
with their strengths and manage their weakness. The Belbin team model also allows project
growups to find out gaps and overlaps in roles and makes necessary modifications. Along with
the min demerit of this concept is that it does not consider hierarchical relations among
individual or interpersonal; equations that may make team execution.
The main advantage of Tuckman’s model is that this model clarifies the specify phases of
any team and group for instance forming, storming norming, performing and adjourning.
Tuckman’s group developing model shows the perfect way of solving group uncertainty
complexities. Apart from this, the main drawback of this cconept is that this theory is based on a
small number of personal narratives where individual ask to their experiences forming teams.

TASK 4
P4. Application of concepts and philosophies of organizational behavior
Every company are using various type of methodology, concepts, models and philosophies
for ensure the good atmosphere by providing proper culture to their employees due to this the
employees used their skills perfectly for the growth as well development of the company. For
example, In ASDA, the administration of the company suffering from the situation of less
leadership quality in employees due to which the employees cannot give the effective
performance (Paillé and Meija-Morelos, 2019). For the solution of the problem, company used
various theories and methodologies. So, the company uses some theory in which the path goal
theory gives some satisfactory results. Path goal theory provides the observation over the
working environment, employees skills and leadership qualities. By which the leader can easily
observe the employees and divide the task according to their skills.
Path goal theory
Martin Evans developed the Path goal theory in 1971, this provides help to the leader in
choosing the employees according to skills. Path goal theory is basically related to the leadership
styles which are good for the management of the company to obtain it target and objectives. In
ASDA, this theory is also good for the employees as well because this theory provides the
motivation, empowerment and confidence to them so that they enhanced their performance in the
all fields. Path goal theory consists some factors as follows-
Employee’s characteristics- Every employee has a different working style in a workplace.
These differences occur because of different working styles and skills and the seniors and leaders
also provides work and task according to their own skills. Due to this the company fulfill its own
target in proper way, so it is also beneficial for the company as well.
Task and Environment characteristics- It is also an important characteristic in the company's
point of view to look for the objectives on time (Mitonga-Monga, Flotman and Cilliers, 2018). It
consists some important factors which are as follows-
Formal authority system- In ASDA, in this type of system team leader can offers a task
to team members and it's the team member’s responsibility to complete it. They are responsible
for their role and work allotted to them.
Work drop- In ASDA, according to this system if the team members are facing some
issues in the task then it's the team leader responsibility to help them to overcome the problem
(Mitonga-Monga and Hoole, 2018).
Leader behavior and style- There are various kinds of behavior and styles in a leader such as
directive, participative and achievement. These above all the factors played an Important in the
handling of workers, motivate them and assist them so that they can achieved the required target
in the given time interval.
Participative-In this leadership quality, the leader can take the decision by its own
according to the situation. In ASDA, the leader can take the decision according to the
requirement.