Organizational Behaviour Report: ABF Plc, BTEC HND Unit 12

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour within Associated British Food Plc (ABF). Task 1 examines the influence of organizational culture, power dynamics, and politics on team and individual performance, as well as employee behaviour. It explores the impact of existing cultures, motivational techniques, and critical evaluations of these elements, concluding with suggestions to enhance team and organizational success. Task 2 delves into the implications of effective versus ineffective teams within ABF, analyzes team development theories, and applies organizational behaviour concepts and philosophies, including their positive and negative impacts on worker behaviour. The report concludes with recommendations for ABF to improve its organizational practices. The report covers topics such as Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, Vroom's expectancy theory, and various power types, providing a detailed understanding of how these factors affect the workplace.

ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
Culture, power and politics in company can influence team & individual performance as well
as behaviour............................................................................................................................3
Impact of existing cultures on nature of staff within ABF organization and its affect on
workers performance..............................................................................................................6
Motivational techniques and concepts impact on applicant’s behaviour...............................6
Critical evaluation based on relations between all elements along with motivation that allow
team and company to succeed................................................................................................8
Conclusion and suggestions that make team and Associated British Food Plc able to succeed
................................................................................................................................................8
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................9
Implication of effective team as opposite to ineffective in context of Associated British Food
Plc...........................................................................................................................................9
Analysis of team development theories................................................................................11
Application of concepts & philosophies of organizational behaviour within company......11
Influence of philosophies and concepts on behaviour of workers in negative & positive
manner..................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
RECOMMENDATIONS...............................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
BIBLIOGRAPHY..........................................................................................................................15
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INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour can be defined as effective study used in systematic manner to
know more about how group of peoples and individual within any organization act or behave. It
is a field of study that find out the influence that organizational structures, teams and worker
have on behaviour within companies for motive of applying such knowledge towards improving
operational efficiency and business effectiveness. The current study will be based on Associated
British Food Plc (ABF), which falls under category of multinational food retailing and
processing organizations in London, UK. This assignment will be divided into two different
tasks, Task one will define organizational cultures, power and politics impact on team and
individual behaviour & performance. It will explain motivational theories and techniques
contribution in achieving business aims. This study will describe appropriate suggestions and
conclusion that enables ventures and groups to succeed.
Furthermore, the current report will clarify skills and elements that foster or hinder
effective team work, philosophy regarding team performances and its impact on behaviours. It
will define philosophies and concepts of organizational behaviour and benefits of working in a
group. This assignment will define reflective statement that will cover philosophies and concepts
of OB influence on workers nature in negative and positive manner.
MAIN BODY
TASK 1
Culture, power and politics in company can influence team & individual performance as well as
behaviour
Importance of cultural differences awareness-
It is really very essential in recent time for companies like Associated British Food Plc to
generate awareness at workplace about cultural differences. It help to lead a positive working
environment and eliminate chances of taking bad decisions that impact negatively on growth and
success factors of chosen brand.
There are different forms of concepts and theories accessible in the world of business that
can be use to define culture and other factors impact on following things;
Hofstede’s dimensions of culture theory-
Role-
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This type of culture put positive impact on individual and team performance as well as
behaviour because manager & leader within ABF organization divided roles and accountabilities
to people without differentiation (Kadam and et.al., 2020).
Power-
In company misuse of power by business owner and management would lead to high
employee turnover, which can be seen as biggest threat for organization to get further success
(Akram, 2018). This kind of culture decrease performance of team and individual as well as
affect behaviour of staff where they could not like to work for longer period of time.
Task-
When tasks and important assignment within Associated British Food Plc can be
distinguish onto abilities and knowledge level of staff it could lead to increase productivity and
performance of team as well as individual worker (Presbitero, 2020). It creates motivational and
supportive culture that drives each person to experience positivity around them.
Person-
Organization with this culture affects team and individual activities and nature
negatively. Because when each worker think about completing own work it can lead negativity
and rest of applicants feel demotivation at workplace where other workers are not supporting
them.
French and Bertram power types-
Legitimate power-
This form of power is known as official and position power held by smart individuals
who are able to take decisions without any approval taken by anyone in organization. For
example, CEO of ABF firm have power to reward and control resources (Saito and Ruhanen,
2017). The use of his or her power in positive manner influence workers to perform even better
and allows team to work productively, which is quite beneficial for every stakeholder.
Expert power-
It can be considered as power of knowledge that come from superior skills and influence
groups and individual behaviour positively when expert like manager and leader use it without
differences between existing and new applicants while providing suggestions about how to work.
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Figure 1:Five Bases and Types of Power
(Source: 5 Bases of Power By John French and Bertram H. Raven, 2019)
Reward power-
Leader with type of power can increase performance of everyone in workplace either a
team or individual and also positively impact their behaviour towards work (Akpoviroro and
et.al., 2018). Reward is one of the motivational sources in organization that can only provide
additional care to people who are still working with firm from longer period of time.
Coercive power-
People never work effectively when this power can he held in company by seniors
because it decrease productivity, sales and level of performance rather than last few months or
years. With coercive power, leader needs to threaten staffs that lead to demotivation and high
employee turnover.
Referent power-
Along with above powers, this form can also know as different names such as personality
power, personal etc. which comes from leaders. When leader have personality in form of
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communication practices, nature and way to toughing, he or she can put positive impact on
groups and individual performance in term of increasing productivity and motivational level
even better.
Organizational politics impact-
When power relate to reward, appraisal and other things, can be used in company by
considering age, gender and race, it could definitely low down the outputs of workers and then
affect productivity as well as performance of ABF organization in negative manner. When
politics in workplace can be played by management or leaders it leads to less attention and focus
of workers towards their daily work and activities.
Impact of existing cultures on nature of staff within ABF organization and its affect on workers
performance
Associated British Food Plc can have power culture where all the decisions can be taken
by management and owner of organization. It influences behaviour of workers positively
because top authority uses his or her power without making any kind of differences between
female and male applicants. It can motivate people to perform even better and work for longer
period of time with firm. Furthermore, it can be said that when workers are motivated they can
provide a lot of benefits to company in term of increasing performance level and profitability.
Motivational techniques and concepts impact on applicant’s behaviour
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory-
This motivational theory makes teams and individual worker able to achieve set aims and
objectives of Associated British Food Plc.
Physiological needs-
In any organization, workers are motivated when leader and other people’s consider their
needs and develop plan to provide them (Warren, Becken and Coghlan, 2017). For example,
when management along with job cater accommodation and food facilities to new and existing
staff, it leads to high productivity.
Safety needs-
These needs come from workers sides when he or she work in company and concern
about their health and safety as well. It includes protection from emotional stability, financial
security and health as well (Taslim, Ishak and Abdullah, 2018). When workers gained all these
needs they heel highly motivated and encourage supporting firm in any situation.
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Love and belonging-
This need can be provided to each applicant by leaders as well as managers when he or
she effectively communicate with workers and show some respect towards their attempts and
efforts in workplace in order to accomplish tasks (Lencho, 2020).
Esteem needs-
These needs begin with ego driven and esteem needs, when workers obtain respect from
leaders, he or she can motivate employees in ethical manner that is really a good thing.
Applicants experience positive environment at workplace when management give respect to
them by taking their opinions as well (Kim and Hur, 2019).
Self actualization-
As worker in ABF Company, when all demands and needs of individual are fulfilled they
experience high motivation among themselves, which in return increase productivity and degree
of performance.
Vroom expectancy theory of motivation-
Expectancy-
When expectations of workers can be fulfilled by managers in Associated British Food
Plc, it can lead to high motivation and build strong team at workplace who are able to give tough
competition to other brands by working much harder than before. Fulfilment of expectations
allow individual to stay competitive (Chopra, 2019).
Instrumentality-
Motivation through this element can be provided to workers when leader use ranges of
approaches in context of same thing. For example, when management build transparency
between all workers work at different departments, it can create a positive and inclusive work
culture, where no one can feel depression and take stress.
Valence-
Fair pay package, performance appraisal, incentives and rewards are the key elements of
employee motivation that a manager and leader can consider in order to motivate staff. It
provides several benefits to organization in form of increasing their sales, profit margins and
allows achieving set goals in effective manner (Yoes and Silverman, 2020).
Motivational techniques-
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Employee engagement in decision making, innovative ideas taken from workers and
encouragement for applicants through work collaboration are the types of motivation that
management within Associated British Food Plc can use (Sya’idah, Jauhari and Vaulia, 2020). It
can help to encourage people who work in workplace and motivate them to give strong
commitment which bring a lot of benefits to organization in term of improving quality of
products and services. By using these techniques and approaches, firm can effectively and
successfully motivate their workers.
Critical evaluation based on relations between all elements along with motivation that allow
team and company to succeed
Organizational culture, power, politics and motivation are related with each other on the
basis of their influence on groups and business performance that drives both of them towards
success and excellent growth within retail industry. It can be identified that use of power
influence people work, it depends on who it can be used by leaders and manager. Negative use of
this element affects in negative manner in term of decreasing productivity and positive use of
power impact in positive manner in form of increasing sales.
Conclusion and suggestions that make team and Associated British Food Plc able to succeed
From above discussion, it has been summarized that leaders and managers effectively
influenced others behaviours with the help of applied principles and norms of Maslow’s
hierarchy of needs and Vroom expectancy as motivational theories. By provide rewards to each
applicant on the basis of his or her performance, both stakeholders motivate people and allow
them to work hard even better. Furthermore, they both can influence performance of applicants
by considering ways to motivation, that are following;
 There are ranges of approaches and methods available in the world of business that
leaders and management has been used to motivate staff and enhance their performance
level, which is quite important to do. Manager and leadership within ABF organization
could do the same but in different manner. For example, leader should encourage
employees to share their personal point of views relate to any project or specific task.
 Furthermore, manager should conduct a team or group meeting before taking decision in
context of training and development as it help to build trust between management and
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staff and also aid to create positive work culture in firm. With this approach organization
will get success and succeed in competitive environment.
 All these recommendations are quite beneficial for chosen brand in term of raising their
efficiency which makes them able to reach at global level.
TASK 2
Implication of effective team as opposite to ineffective in context of Associated British Food Plc
A group in organization can be considering as collection of individuals who have
relationship to each other that make them interdependent to certain important degree.
A team is a unit of workers performing together in order to achieve set goals and
objectives of companies.
In organization teams are divided into three different groups such as problems solving,
functional and project units, who have diverse roles and accountabilities. The work of these
teams gets affected by technology advancement.
Tuckman’s team development theory-
Here, this model has been used in order to develop a effective team in workplace of
Associated British Food Plc (Hildebrandt and Marr, 2020).
Stage 1: Forming-
Manager can develop a team who have all abilities and knowledge by directing and
establishing clear goals and objectives for them, as it help individual to achieve all aims
effectively and drive their performance towards gaining competitive edge for organization. It is
the first phase of chosen theory that aid management to build effective workforce.
Stage 2: Storming-
After developing aims, manager can move workers against limitations established in
above phase. It is begin where there is issue between group member’s natural working forms
(Neville, 2019). Firm move people towards tacking own actions which are necessary for their
growth and development in workplace that increase productivity and sales level of business even
better.
Stage 3: Norming-
This stage takes one step ahead towards development of team, where management
support people and guide them to work effectively by taking their accountabilities for growth and
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achievement of aims. Leader now start focus on guide individual to begin their work and act
together as team, which make a group of applicants who can achieve goals of organization.
Stage 4: Performing-
After passing all above stages, managers and leaders in company could build or develop
strong team as opposite to ineffective one that is actually require. With support, encouragement
and contribution of management, firm obtain effective group of people who are highly talented
and productive in workplace.
Belbin’s typology-
Resource investigator-
This role is very important in organization because leader with this role find out the best
and most innovative ideas to bring team back to perform effectively.
Team work-
Leader along with varied role can play this one as well where he or she as team mate
work and support other to accomplish give task on time.
Coordinator-
Management can be a coordinator where they can coordinate with top authority about
making discussion in context of increment and incentives of workers.
Plant-
Leader can be a planner, they can highly innovative and excellent in problems solving
that influence work activities of staff in positively and enhance performance level of company.
Monitor evaluator-
Manager by playing this role provide advantages to chosen firm in term of monitoring
success and reducing waste. They can make focus on each practice to management.
Specialist-
Employees in company with expert skills and knowledge in IT as well as other areas
comprise specialist role. Their efforts to group are restricted only to area of expertise.
Shaper-
Leader can be a shaper in firm who can cater important direction and drives to people to
assure that group of members keeps moving and does not lose concentration on their work.
Implementer-
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Leader can suitable for this role because he or she has appropriate skills, knowledge and
abilities, which make them able to implement plan successfully in workplace.
Complete finisher-
Workers who understand their role, responsibilities and work according to set aims are
known as complete finisher and can play this role effectively.
Differences between ineffective and effective teams-
The main difference between both types of teams is skills and factors that hinder or assist
them. For example, effective team member has great abilities and competences which enable
them to achieve objectives of Associated British Food Plc. While ineffective team has lack of
skill and knowledge that can lead to decrease performance level and minimize change to gain
competitive benefits.
Benefits of team work-
When people work in a team they can provide different benefits to organization and
obtain for themselves as well. For instance, workers working in a team can get benefit to
complete task or daily work on time and allow firm to deliver products to target consumers
effectively.
Analysis of team development theories
Tuckman’s and Belbin are recognised and used as group development theories as it
support development of dynamic firm like Associated British Food Plc. Tuckman’s team
progress concept is useful as it consider fact that a group of workers do not begin off fully
functioning and formed. It give suggestions based on team progress and define that unit can be
develop in firm when they have right skill and use for further success.
Belbin team roles as chosen model also help group to except to changing aims by
highlighting collective abilities and decreasing weaknesses that can affect performance of
effective team. By following the rules and stages of both theories management and leaders can
build productive groups in effective and systematic manner.
Application of concepts & philosophies of organizational behaviour within company
Organisation behaviour is a concept that revolves around nature of organisation and people such
as type of work culture, organisational structure provide to employees to perform their task and
activities. Path goal leadership is one of the theory that specific behaviour and styles that best fits
with type of environment and employees that are working in firm. It is generally a small
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processor or includes basic steps like first leaders need to determine characteristics of employees
and environment, then select particular behaviour or leadership style and factor that will motivate
employee (Mango, 2018). Thus, main aim of path goal theory is to enhance motivational level
and satisfaction of individuals by fulfilling their requirements in best possible manner.
Employee’s characteristics: Different individuals have different preference, taste and
behaviour, ethics, value and behaviour so leaders have special qualities to understand them in
order to make use of effective motivational techniques to enhance their performance level. For
example: Leaders of ABF tries to maintain strong relationship with employees so that they can
understand their needs and characteristics.
Task and environment characteristics: Large number of employees are discourage to come at
workplace due to less availability of ineffective culture or distribution of task that need to be
completed by particular individuals. Likewise, manager of ABF always ensures that employees
are offered safe, secure, supportive and friendly environment so that they can motivate to work
hard for growth of firm.
Leader’s behaviour or style: There are four types of styles or behaviour that are used by
leaders to influenced diverse individuals within organisation so that maximum outcome can be
gained. Such as ABF leaders change their behaviour or styles as per environment and employees
characteristics so that performance and productivity of individuals can be enhanced and goals of
firm can be attained (Adeel, Batool and Ali, 2018). Four types of leadership styles used by
leaders in different situation or circumstances are explained below:
Directive: It is leadership styles in which it provides step by step guideline or assistance to
employees regarding the way particular task will be performed such as what to do, how to do.
So, leader of ABF have used this leadership behaviour or style with employees that have recently
joined company or are unaware of the way particular task need to be completed.
Supportive: It is another approach in which leaders put efforts to develop and maintain
relationship with employees so that it can be motivated to enhance its performance for growth of
enterprise. Leaders make use supportive styles when individuals feel stressful or less confident
whether they will able to perform specific task or not. Thus, effective support offered by leaders
contributes in influencing employees to take steps so that company can gain competitive
advantages.
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Participative: It is one of the best suitable leadership styles in which leader encourage
individuals to participate in decision making of firm so that best outcome can be gained. Like,
ABF leaders always promote employees to share their points of view, ideas while taking any
decision for benefits of themselves as well as of organisation (Aguas, Zapata, and Arellano,
2017).
Achievement:
Goal oriented leader in ABF company is able to deal with challenges and it can make
them stronger and powerful to achieve further success for business in effective manner. By
setting challenging situation for staff, showing confidence among their success and expect that
team can overcome challenges can become people able to obtain desire outcomes.
Contingency theory-
With above theory, this concept can be applied in Associated British Food Plc that
influence behaviour of workers and performance of organization. It is the best organizational
concepts that suggest that there is not best manner to manage situation and business, to take
judgement and work. With this approach, manager can be able to understand overall situation
and then develop plan to solve it as soon as possible which is beneficial for in future success and
progress of venture. According to this theory, leader can use his or her leadership styles when
situation is demand for. It permits manager and leader both to choose applicable leadership and
management styles in different conditions.
Social capital theory-
It is one of the most effective functioning theories in the world of venture that can be
used to share personal views, norms, values and reciprocity in workplace that help to influence
workers behaviour in positive manner in form of collaborative & participative. Bourdieu and
Coleman is the founder of this theory. It define that workers behaviour can change in positive
one by sharing ideas and point of view to each other that can increase motivation and morale of
applicant even better. Elements of this concept help leader to develop positive environment at
workplace and allow them to influence attribute of candidates effectively.
Influence of philosophies and concepts on behaviour of workers in negative & positive manner
Above Path goal, social capital and contingency theories in form of concepts and
philosophies can impact behaviour of staff’s member in positive manner when their principles
can be followed by leader and manager appropriately. This thing is really very important to do
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because it permits organization to develop success plans and strategies in context of future
competitive environment. Path goal theory suggest forms of leadership that leader can use to
motivate staff and improve their performance level successfully. It cater right framework to them
to comprehend how his or her styles can motivate people for longer period of time.
On the other hand, it has been analysed that when social activities discussed in social
capital theory could not be followed by leader it can influence attitude, nature and performance
of applicants in short their behaviour towards management and other people as well. With this
philosophy leader can take time to select the best leadership style for them which may be suitable
or not according to situation that influence in negative manner on workers abilities and positive
behaviour for work.
CONCLUSION
By summing up above discussion, it has been summarized that leader and managers by
following the stages of above motivational theories effectively enhanced performance and
productivity level of staff. It provide a lot of benefits in term of increased profitability and sales
of Associated British Food Plc, operated within retain industry in effective manner with skilled
workforce who are able to perform excellently. Furthermore, it has been identified that
management by using their reward and employee appraisal power in positive manner gained
desire outcomes in form of strong teams of workers who contributed in gaining competitive
advantages and allow firm to give tough competition to its rivals. Belbin and Tuckman concepts
as team development theories, contributed building effective teams of applicants as opposite to
ineffective groups of candidates who never work appropriately and attempt to achieve set goals
and objectives of business. Moreover, it has been determined that path goal leadership influence
behaviour of workers.
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. All above approaches, techniques, methods and ways are beneficial and useful in regard
to chosen brand, but still they will recognize more things that will help building effective
and productive team in workplace. Manager should develop innovative ideas to form
strong team, he or she will allow each person to take part in group work that will aid to
increase collaboration between everyone and then productivity in return.
2. Furthermore, Associated British Food Plc organization managers should develop strategy
to implement the latest technologies which make company and workers able to analyse
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current market activities and consumers needs. It will help firm to provide service and
products accordingly and increase their productivity level even better.
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REFERENCES
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Aguas, P. P., Zapata, L. V. and Arellano, D. L., 2017. Transformational Leadership Plans. World
Journal of Education, 7(4). pp.1-11.
Akpoviroro, K.S and et.al., 2018. Moderating Influence Of Organizational Reward System On
Employee’s Performance.
Akram, F., 2018. Assessing the Effect of Managerial Power on Firm Performance through the
Perceptual Lens of Executive Remuneration.
Chopra, K., 2019. Vroom’s expectancy theory to motivate academic library users in India using
grounded theory approach. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication.
Hildebrandt, A. and Marr, J., 2020. NICK SABAN–A CASE STUDY FOR RECRUITMENT
METHODS AND APPLICATION OF TUCKMAN’S MODEL OF TEAM
DEVELOPMENT. MANAGERIAL PERCEPTIONS OF STEM WORKFORCE SUPPLY
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Kadam, R and et.al., 2020. Diversity climate perceptions and its impact on multicultural team
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Lencho, D.M., 2020. Effect of Employee Motivation on Job Performance: In Case of Fiche
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Mango, E., 2018. Rethinking leadership theories. Open Journal of Leadership, 7(01). p.57.
Neville, M.R., 2019. Group Development in Natural Resource Collaboration in the Crown of the
Continent: Forming, Storming, Norming & Performing.
Presbitero, A., 2020. Foreign language skill, anxiety, cultural intelligence and individual task
performance in global virtual teams: A cognitive perspective. Journal of International
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Saito, H. and Ruhanen, L., 2017. Power in tourism stakeholder collaborations: Power types and
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Sya’idah, E.H., Jauhari, T. and Vaulia, N., 2020, October. Techniques of Motivation,
Compensation, and Leadership on Employee’s Performance. In 3rd International
Conference on Social Sciences (ICSS 2020) (pp. 789-792). Atlantis Press.
Taslim, N.Y.M., Ishak, N.A. and Abdullah, A., 2018. The Relationship between Needs
Accomplishment and Motivation. Journal of Administrative Science. 15(2). pp.91-98.
Warren, C., Becken, S. and Coghlan, A., 2017. Using persuasive communication to co-create
behavioural change–engaging with guests to save resources at tourist accommodation
facilities. Journal of Sustainable Tourism. 25(7). pp.935-954.
Yoes, M. and Silverman, M.J., 2020. Expectancy Theory of Motivation and Substance Use
Treatment: Implications for Music Therapy. Music Therapy Perspectives.
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Online
5 Bases of Power By John French and Bertram H. Raven. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2019/08/five-bases-of-power-by-john-french-
and.html>
Understanding Cultures & People with Hofstede Dimensions. 2019. [Online]. Available
Through: < https://www.cleverism.com/understanding-cultures-people-hofstede-
dimensions/>
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
https://kalyan-city.blogspot.com/2019/08/five-bases-of-power-by-john-french-and.html
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