Organizational Behaviour Report: A Case Study of ‘A David & Co Ltd’

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Organizational Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
LO1..................................................................................................................................................2
P1 Analyze the influence of culture, power, and politics on behaviour of others in an
organisational context..................................................................................................................2
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance.........................................................................5
LO2..................................................................................................................................................6
P2 Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to achieve a goal.......................................6
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models...................................10
LO3................................................................................................................................................11
P3 Demonstrate an understanding of how to cooperate effectively with others.......................11
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of
dynamic cooperation..................................................................................................................13
LO4................................................................................................................................................15
P4 Apply philosophies and concepts of organizational behaviour to given business situation.15
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both a positive and negative way..........................................................................17
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Handy's Model.................................................................................................................2
Figure 2: Maslow needs of motivation............................................................................................7
Figure 3: Herzberg motivational theory..........................................................................................8
Figure 4: Tuckman’s and Jensen’s model.....................................................................................13
Figure 5: Path goal theory..............................................................................................................16

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Types of organizational teams.........................................................................................11

Introduction
The organizational behavior is referred to studying the group of an individual by communication
and interaction which petitioned in perceiving the organization in the systematic approach. Also,
the report will help for upgrading the business operations which aids in the business expansion.
Also, the report will aim at politics, power, and culture of the organization which will dispense a
reason of changing the staff behavior and attitude towards ‘A David & Co Ltd’ organization that
is based on present and past situation. To achieve the higher success in an organization, the
organization is focusing on several issues and on this it will explain the motivation theories
which are related to content and process theories assist the employee motivation in the right
direction to improve the organization conditions. Therefore, the report will also provide the
suggestion of boosting the team performances and productivity which enhance the organizational
improvements.
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LO1
P1 Analyze the influence of culture, power, and politics on the behaviour of others in an
organisational context
‘A David & Co Ltd’ is providing the several fruits variety along with effective fruit distribution
and production channel by offering a wide range of different items of a bakery, readily prepared
orders, vegetables, and fruits. This operates with the different teams which are mainly
responsible for enhancing the sales, amount reduction, accounting, handling the operations and
management. This is important for the staff members to coordinate properly in an organization
so that they can also enjoy their work culture in the free environment.
‘A David & Co Ltd’ past culture
The culture is based on having a positive environment as well as also pays dedicatedly of
employee hard work. The culture is positive which helps effectively to reward the employees of
their work in both non-monetary and monetary form. Therefore, proper motivational culture
followed in an organization in which the employee’s efforts are valued (McNair, 2017). As per
to the model, the culture is being categorized under four kinds which are as follows:
Figure 1: Handy's Model
(Source: Handy’s Model of Organisational Culture, 2019)
2

Power Culture: This refers to utilize the power by a few individuals based on authority rights as
per on organization regulations and policies. The performances of employees are judged by their
achievement which turns toxic sometimes, and staff members are not well performing and
negatively motivates when performing the task.
Task Culture: To accomplish the project and problem team formed in an organization on a basis
of creativity, productivity, personality, and employee’s skills which defines dynamic
organization nature and also positively impact on an employee’s morale to accomplish the
project on time.
Role Culture: This determines work and responsibilities which are being assigned to an
employee’s needed to follow certain rules. Completely responsibility is providing power rights
among employees.
Person Culture: The employees feel themselves is superior to its position which defines the
organization person culture. In such a situation, an organization is suffering more because
employees are getting selfish instead of business operations.
‘A David & Co Ltd’ enhances business operations by applying the power as per to situations
which they recently faced puts a negative impact on the organization reputation (Allen et al.,
2016). To guide the employees, HR manager help them by practising different kinds of power
which were introduced by John French, and Bertram Raven initiated five power bases that are
explained below:
Legitimate Power: It refers to person rights to the demand for anything based on one's position.
This may impact negatively if the person who loses its own power because the other person can
ignore the leader instructions.
Reward Power: This refers to compensating an employee that is based on its performances. The
supervisor can fail in identifying the good people performances because they do not control the
HR policies properly.
Referent Power: It refers to respecting the others which influence the people by providing them
with a comfortable working environment. This work provides an advantage only if a person is
honest and can be a disadvantage if their practices are going in the wrong direction.
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Coercive Power: It helps in practising a power to punish an employee of their certain mistakes.
This sometimes causes discouragement and resentment in an employee because they punish their
mistakes which lose in their work interest (Elsmore, 2017).
Manager’s political and power behaviour
The organization runs through directors and managers which follow the political behaviour that
will increase the employee morale as well as also boost them to conduct the work effectively.
The aim of political behaviour by the managers is to influence others towards organization
behaviour and events in terms of sheltering self-interest and own goals advancement. Some of
the several political factors which affect organization staff members that are described below:
 Organizational investment and self-monitoring
 Perceiving the alternative of employment and growth and success expectations.
 Undefined performance evaluation system, high performances pressure, low faith by
methods of self-serving.
 Resource allocation and promotion opportunities
4

M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance
The organization faced a negative influence from past years due to undesirable quality services.
The organization culture is based on a positive environment and suitable values within the
workplace. The culture of the organization leaves the proper impact of the group behaviour as
well as also implements proper communication in the workplace.
The Director-General before entering an organization faced various culture failures and
management, investigation and communication system which has proved the major limitation for
organization growth paths and reputation (Bolman and Deal, 2017). They faced the politics in
terms of creating a managerial decision impact and pattern of group behavioural to meet with the
task. The organization faced bullying and harassment cases, staff member’s complaints which
are ignored by the stem and the difference in pay scales and gender has found constantly. When
new director general is appointed than the situation is turned at an immense speed which has
reinvented an organizational behaviour and culture in some of the following ways that are
mentioned as follows:
 The decision is taken based on the values which established from the fair dealings
through specifying and determining each step and actions of properly conducting the
work.
 Also, they offer the best service quality which defines and add value for the money. The
innovation and creativity take place according to ideas success and also eliminates
techniques which are less profitable for the organization (Hatch, 2018).
 In an organization, their major priority is an audience which creates huge trust through
initiating and adopting of the changes which are required in improving the organization
politics, power and culture.
5

LO2
P2 Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to achieve a goal
The motivation is identified as an impulse which forces an individual to act or perform. The
motivation brings the money desires, job satisfaction and work attitudes of team etc by
performing the task based on abilities and capacities. To encourage the employee’s confidence
and morale the two motivation types are described below:
Extrinsic Motivation: This determines an external source which enhances individual faith and
morale in them. This defines its sources and nature of external from outside which plays a vital
role in enhancing productivity. To enhance the organization productivity the employees are
offered a benefits package, reward, bonuses incentives etc by boosting an employee in the right
direction (Levi, 2015).
Intrinsic Motivation: This is the main reason for motivating staff members. The specific task or
project is assigned to an individual who raises the employee's motivation power comprises of
curiosity, power, social status and acceptance etc that leads in effective organizational results.
Several theories and model has determined in enhancing the motivation among employees. The
organization need to apply content and process theory which makes work easier for the manager
to accomplish the work on time.
Motivational Content Theory
This determined as a modification which has applied to the early theories. It is a theory which
helps management through practising and formulating the various policies provides the best
culture of working to the individuals. It is a theory that helps in specifying the needs to complete
all organization desires and needs.
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Figure 2: Maslow needs of motivation
(Source: Maslow model, 2019)
Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory
This theory gained wider popularity in its work all across the business organization. In this
theory, the two kinds of categories are framed which describes the factor in satisfying the factors
and staff that helps in satisfying the employees (Dong et al., 2017). To achieve the effectiveness
of the team members in which the HR manager initiate the content theory for determining the
factors this brings faiths within an organizational staff.
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Figure 3: Herzberg motivational theory
(Source: Motivational theory, 2019)
Motivational Process Theory
The process theory helps for addressing the problems and issues which aids for determining the
effort continuation, effort modification and effort degree. It is a theory which is related to the
procedures actual steps to accomplish a certain task. The organization initiated a process theory
for the effectiveness of the employees which helps in resolving the issues while performing of
the task. The expectancy theory is a process motivational theory.
Expectancy Theory
It is a theory that stated motivation as the process for taking the decisions which help for
evaluation of the business operations outcomes. In this theory, the positive results assist in
providing the reward to an individual of their work. The organization has divided an evaluation
process into various parts which include as following:
 Need to expect of the forthcoming and availability of outcome.
 A reliable outcome of a specific task can be achieved.
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