BTEC Level 5 Organizational Behaviour Report: Hays Travel Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour within Hays Travel, a travel agency. It examines the influence of culture, power, and politics on individual and team behaviour, including the application of Handy culture model and French and Raven's model of power. The report evaluates content and process theories of motivation, such as Alderfer's ERG theory and Vroom's expectancy theory, and explores motivational techniques. It also discusses the importance of teamwork within Hays Travel, comparing effective and ineffective teams and evaluating the Belbin team role and Tuckman and Jensen team development models. The study further addresses the path-goal theory, barriers to effective behaviour, and contingency theory, offering recommendations for improvement in areas such as non-financial motivators and work allocation based on specialization. The report aims to enhance understanding of organizational behaviour principles and their practical application within a real-world business context.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
PART 1............................................................................................................................................3
Analysis of how culture, power and politics influences individual and team behaviour............3
Evaluation of content and process theory of motivation.............................................................5
Relation between culture, politics, power and motivational techniques for achieving goals
along with recommendation for improvement............................................................................7
PART 2............................................................................................................................................8
Team working important within Hays Travel.............................................................................8
Effective team as opposed to ineffective team............................................................................9
Evaluation of Belbin team role and Tuckman and Jensen team development models.............10
Path goal theory........................................................................................................................12
Barriers to effective behaviour..................................................................................................12
Contingency theory...................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the concept which relates with the managing the behaviour
within the company to ensure that all the working is taking place in intended manner. The
organizational behaviour ensures that how the person within the company behaves and performs
their work for the completion of the goal of the business (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). The
current study is based over the company Hays Travel which is an independent chain of travel
agent company which assist the people in providing good packages for holiday to the people.
The company was founded by John Hays in the year 1980 and is headquartered in Sunderland in
UK. The current study will outline the culture, politics and power taking place within the
company and its impact over the team and individual behaviour. Also, it will discuss about the
various motivation theories and the team development theory. In the end the philosophies will be
applied to proper management of the behaviour of people within the company.
PART 1
Analysis of how culture, power and politics influences individual and team behaviour
Culture- the culture is defined as the working environment in which the employees are
operating. For the business to be successful it is essential for the companies to manage the
culture in such a manner that the employees are comfortable working in the company. For the
management of the culture Hays Travel uses the model of Handy culture model (Ristino and
Michalak 2018). This is a model which assist the company in deciding which culture is better for
the company for management of business activities. In accordance with this model there are four
types of culture which Hays Travel can use which are as follows-
 Power culture- this is a type of culture wherein all the power of the decision making are
in hands of only few people only. This is a culture wherein all the decision is taken by the
management only and no other people are involved in the decision making process
(Derakhshan, Mancini and Turner, 2019).
 Role culture- under this type of culture the major preference is given to the specialisation
at time of allocating the work to the employees. Under specialization the employees are
allocated that work in which the employees are having specialisation. This is done as this

increases the interest of employees as they are given the work in which they expert and
having full knowledge.
 Task culture- this is a type of culture wherein more preference is given to the formation
of team for completing the work to attain the business objectives (Lyskova, 2019). Here
all the employees work together as a team in order to successfully completing the aim of
the business.
 People culture- this is the last type of culture wherein the people or the employees think
that they are superior to the company. Also, they develop a feeling that if the people will
not be there then the organization will not be able to run and attain its objectives.
Out of all the four different cultures, the most preferred culture by Hays Travel is the role
culture. This is majorly because of the reason that when the work is allocated to employees on
the basis of their specialization then they work in more effective manner. Thus, this will improve
the working condition of the people working and this assist them in managing the work in more
effective manner (Tamta and Rao 2017).
Politics- the workplace politics or organizational politics is the informal process through
which the employees within the company wherein the employees interact with one another in
informal manner and discuss issues other than the company. For getting success it is very
essential for Hays Travel to make sure that the politics within the company is at very low level.
This is majorly because of the reason that if the politics will be high then the interest of
employees will be in it and they will not focus over the working efficiency of them. For getting
successful the most important thing for Hays Travel is that they must ensure that the involvement
of employees is low in the politics is the company wants to get successful. This is majorly due to
the reason that the politics lower down the output of the employees and the productivity of
working as well. This is majorly due to the fact that this diverts the mind of the employees as
their interest is developed in informal meetings and gossiping and other related activities.
Thus, it is essential for the companies to manage the politics in the company as high
politics will result in decrease in the working efficiency of the employees of the company (Singh
and et.al, 2020). Thus, for this Hays Travel can use various strategies for managing the politics
within the company and the best way is to understand all the informal network in the company
and try to break that informal chain and in this manner this will reduce the politics within the
company.

Power- this is referred to as the authority which is provided to the people working in the
company to take the decision for the betterment of the company. If the power is misused, then
the company may face many difficulties and problem in the working and running of the company
to a great extent (Bourne, Jenkins and Parry, 2019). Thus, for this Hays Travel can use the model
of French and Raven model of power and this will help the company in managing the power in
more effective manner. In accordance to this model there are two broad type of power that is
positional power and personal power. The positional power includes reward power, coercive
power and legitimate power. All these power are only provided to the person if they are having a
position within organizational hierarchy. On the other side personal power is the power which is
earned by the employee because of their level of knowledge. This includes the expert power and
the referent power (Chand, 2018).
All the culture, politics and power has a great impact over the individual and team
behaviour as this has a great influence over the working of company. This is majorly because of
the reason that when all these three aspect are positive then the working of the employees will
also be positive. On the other side if anything will be negative then the employees will not work
effectively and organizational behaviour will not be good.
Evaluation of content and process theory of motivation
Motivation is one of the key elements, that enhance performance and productivity of staff
even better. There are different types of motivational concepts available in the world of business,
that can be use in organization of enable effective achievement of their business aims.
Content theory-
Alderfer ERG theory-
Existence needs-
According to this concept, by analysing the needs of applicants related to water, food,
shelter and other and providing services accordingly, management can motivate its staff as to
achieve objectives or aims of company (Snow, 2019).

Relatedness needs-
Another need, management can consider doing same thing in systematic manner and that
is relatedness needs, including relationship with co-workers, seniors and leader as well. For
example, leader through good collaboration and effective communication practice, provide
positive feels to workers which make them capable to perform even better.
Growth needs-
Management according to this needs by offering incentives and rewards to employees on
the basis of their performance and hard work, motivate effectively and workers after obtaining
this need achieve business aims efficiently as they are highly motivated after above process
(Poulou and Norwich, 2019).
Process theory-
Vroom expectancy theory-
Valence-
Illustration 1: Alderfer ERG Theory
(Source: EFG Theory of Motivation, 2020)

In order to motivate workers in effective manner, manager and leader must consider hard
work of each applicant and create plan to appraise them for it which is quite beneficial in term of
increasing motivational level of staff, who are ready to always contribute for improving business
performance.
Expectancy-
Applicants have different expectations and degree of confidence about what they are able
of doing. At work place in Hays travel, management to motivate staff must find out what assets,
supervision and training their staff need to perform and achieve aims of business.
Instrumentality-
To motivate and inspire workers for long run which in return make them able to achieve
set aim of Hays Travel, management should assure that commitment of appraisal and rewards are
fulfilled by them (Egeberg and Stigen, 2018).
Motivational techniques or approaches-
 Increase motivation by providing rewards- It is one of the most common, but effective
method can be used by manager in Hays Travel to enhance performance and motivation
degree of existing as well as new candidates. On the basis of efforts, management can
create plan for rewards system.
 Encouraging people to take part in decision-making- with above technique, this one is
also very effective. According to it, manager and leader encourage staff to participate in
decision-making process and share their innovative ideas for offering services even better
to consumers.
Critical evaluation of behavioural motivation models or theories on behaviour of others-
Alderfer ERG theory and Vroom theory in regard to Hays Travel used to influence
behaviours of applicants in positive manner. ERG concept is more consistent with knowledge of
person differences among other. It helps to motivate staff by fulfil their basis needs which is
quite essential for them. But, it can be said that this concept does not offer clear cut directions
about how to do further things to motivate people (De Croon and et. al., 2019).
Relation between culture, politics, power and motivational techniques for achieving goals along
with recommendation for improvement
With the above discussion it is clear that there is a great relation between the culture,
politics and power with the motivational techniques. This is majorly because of the reason that

when the culture, politics and power are good within the company then the employees feel
motivated to work in effective manner. Thus, this increases the working efficiency of the
employees within the company and they work in more effective manner (Homberg, Vogel and
Weiherl, 2019). When Hays Travel uses good and effective motivational technique then this
provide better reason for the employees to work for the company in better and effective manner.
Thus, the use of good motivational techniques and better working culture along with more power
and less politics help the company in effectively managing the behaviour of the people and
organization.
Recommendation
The major recommendation for Hays Travel is to focus more on the non- financial
motivators like recognition, promotion and other related methods. This is majorly because of the
reason that it is not necessary that all the employees are motivated with the financial motivators.
Another major recommendation for Hays Travel is to allocate the work on the basis of
specialization that is the attribute in which the employee excels must be allocated to them only.
This is majorly pertaining to the fact that when the employee gets the work according to their
capability then they will perform in much better manner (Harwiki, 2016).
PART 2
Team working important within Hays Travel
Team work is defined as collaborative effort of all the employees working together on the
same objective and trying to attain that particular objective only. The team work is very
important in Hays Travel as the company involves many people or employees working on the
same project and aiming at same objective. The team work is very important for Hays Travel as
if the employees will not work in the same direction then the work will go in some other
direction and company will not be able to manage its performance. Another major importance of
team work for Hays Travel is that this help the team in increase their learning. This is majorly
because of the reason that all the employees specialise in some or the other activities and this
will improve the working to a great extent (Husin and Kernain, 2019). Also, this will motivate
other employees to learn more and this will assist the other employees in increasing their
learning and knowledge.

Effective team as opposed to ineffective team
When the company is having good and effective team then it is called the effective team
as the team is able to manage the work and attain the intended objective of company. On the
other side the ineffective team is the one which does not have proper coordination and does not
work in the same direction.
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Unquestioned beliefs Here all the unquestioned
beliefs are answered as the
team is effective and they
work in harmony for the
completion of the aim of
business.
The ineffective team does not
allow for the answering of the
unquestioned beliefs or doubts
of the team members as there
is not proper coordination.
Rationalizing Within the effective team the
rationalizing power is high as
all the employees interact with
one another and they know
what is right for the company
and what is not (Gupta, 2020).
In case of ineffective team the
rationalizing is less as there is
less team work and
coordination and this will
result in team members
discussing less among them.
Morality In the effective team the
ethical and moral
considerations are undertaken
as this makes the team work
more better and coordinated.
But this is not possible in case
of the ineffective team as here
there is no coordination and
the employees are not able to
work properly.
Pressure In the effective team there is
no pressure of work as all the
team members know what
work they have to do and how
they have to do.
The pressure is high within the
ineffective team as the team
members are not able to work
in proper and effective manner
and this result in pressure to
complete the work in any
condition.

Evaluation of Belbin team role and Tuckman and Jensen team development models
Team role Description
Shaper This is the role under which Hays Travel person perform the dynamic and
challenging role where they have to shape the working of the whole team
in one direction.
Implementer This is the role wherein the person of team of Hays Travel try implement
all the plans which have been made for the growth and development of the
company.
Finisher This is the role wherein the team members of Hays Travel try to finish the
work with efficiency and great effectiveness. This is particularly because
of the reason that the main aim of finisher is to end the task in successful
manner (Thomas, Ambrosini and Hughes, 2019).
Coordinator Under this role the person of team of Hays Travel try to coordinate all the
activities of the business and the team objective with the aim of
completing the project in successful manner.
Team worker This is the role wherein all the team worker stays united in order to
complete the work in effective and efficient and successful manner. Here
all the team members of Hays Travel work in same direction and try to
manage the performance of the company.
Resource
investigator
This is a major role as without the resources no work can be done and the
resources are very limited. Thus, if Hays Travel will not be able to
manage the resources in effective manner then the company will not be
able to manager the performance of the company.
Monitor evaluator This is the role under which the people of Hays Travel try to monitor and
oversee all the aspect of the company and checks that whether the planned
activities are taking place in the intended manner or not.
Specialist This is another major role under the Belbin role wherein the team
members of Hays Travel have some special knowledge relating to a
particular field. This provides an advantage to the people as they have
more knowledge relating to a special field.
Plants This is the last role which includes innovation and creativity in the

company and developing new ideas for better work. This is particularly
because of the fact that the business exists in environment where the
competition is very high and for facing this innovation is required.
Tuckman team development theory- this is an important theory which assist the company Hays
Travel in formulating the team which will perform all the activities of the business. This theory
is applied by Hays Travel in the following manner-
Stage Description
Forming This is the stage wherein the Hays Travel try to form the team for the
completion of a common task. In this stage the manager of Hays Travel
selects some employees who are capable of performing in a team and they
are grouped together.
Storming This is another major stage wherein the team member gathered are given
chance of interacting with one another. This is essential stage as if the
employees are not knowing one another then they will not be able to work
in harmony (Pohl, Vonthron and Closon, 2019).
Norming Under this stage Hays Travel try to make some rules and regulations
which assist the company to apply to the team formed. This is essential
because of the fact that when there are rules and regulations then the team
members perform in discipline.
Performing At this stage the team which is formed actually performs the work for
which the team is made and this assist Hays Travel in attaining the
business objectives of the company.
Adjourning This is the last stage wherein the team objective is being attained and the
team which is formed comes to an end and the reason for which team is
formulated is attained.
Both the Tuckman and Belbin team roles are very essential for the company to manage the
working of the company. Hays Travel uses both the models in order to manage the work in
effective and efficient manner (Rizki, Parashakti and Saragih, 2019).

Path goal theory
This is the most important style of leadership wherein the effective path is selected which
is essential for the completion of the goal. This is majorly because of the reason that the
company has many different path for the completion of the activity of business. Thus, the
success of the company is dependent over the selection of the path through which the company
can successfully attain the objective of the company. In Hays Travel also the path goal theory is
applied and for this the leaders of Hays Travel suggest that there are different types of behaviour
which they can adapt to manage the business of the company (Chand, 2018).
Out of these major styles the most commonly used by Hays Travel is the supportive
leadership style which includes providing and fulfilling the need and requirement of the
employees to a great extent. Another major style used by Hays Travel is the achievement
oriented as this will help the leader in directing the behaviour in attainment of business
objectives. Also, the use of directive path goal theory can also be made as this will allow the
leader to provide path to the employees and then they will work in effective manner.
Barriers to effective behaviour
There are many different types of barriers which affects working and the behaviour of the
employees and the team members. This is majorly because of the fact that there are many
different types of barrier whether internal, external or social, physical or many other types. Some
of the barriers which affects the members in a team of Hays Travel are as follows-
Less clarity of work- this is the most common barrier which affects the behaviour of the
people within the team. This is majorly because of the reason that when the work is not clearly
defined then team members will not work in effective manner (Kumar, Kamath and Thomas,
2020).
Demotivation- this is also a barrier as when the employees are demotivated then they will
not work in proper and effective manner. Thus, this will demotivate the employees and they will
not work in effective manner (Ristino and Michalak, 2018).
Contingency theory
This is a theory which states that there is no best method or fixed pattern of the leadership
which the leader can use to manage the work. This is majorly because of the reason that the
business environment is dynamic and anything can happen and also the future is not certain.
Thus, the leader cannot decide for the specific leadership pattern for controlling the situation