Organizational Behaviour Report: Leadership and Structure Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour, focusing on two organizations: City College and Enterprises Car Rental. It begins by comparing and contrasting their organizational structures and cultures, including discussions of tall, flat, broad, and narrow structures, as well as power and role cultures. The report then examines the relationship between organizational structure and culture and their impact on performance, followed by an analysis of factors influencing individual behaviour at work, such as leadership, work culture, and job responsibilities. The report then delves into leadership styles, comparing autocratic and democratic approaches, and explores the link between organizational theory and management styles, including scientific management and human relations approaches. Finally, it evaluates different management approaches, discusses the impact of leadership styles and motivational theories on both organizations, and examines the nature of group behaviour, team effectiveness, and the role of technology. The report concludes with an overall assessment of the organizations' approaches to organizational behaviour.

ORGANIZATION
AL BEHAVIOUR
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Organizational Behaviour
..........................................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................4
(a) Comparison and contrast between different organization structure and culture .................4
(b) Explain the relationship between organizational structure and culture and their effects ......5
(c) Factors influencing the behaviour of individual at work enterprises and City College.........6
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................7
(a) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership’s style......................................................7
(b) Explain how organizational theory is linked to the style of management ...........................7
(c) Evaluate the different approaches used by City College and Enterprises..............................8
TAK 3..............................................................................................................................................9
(a) Discuss the impact of different leadership style on the organizations...................................9
(b) Compare different motivational theories that City College and enterprises can adopt.........9
(f) Evaluate how motivation theories and practices apply in both organization........................10
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................10
(g) Nature of group and group behavior within workforce of City College and Enterprise ....10
(h) Factors could make a team effectiveness and factors threaten to the success and
effectiveness of team..................................................................................................................11
(i) Role of technology in the success of business and the impact of technology on the
performance of City College and Enterprise.............................................................................12
conclusion.....................................................................................................................................13

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INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is the study which understands the way of people interacts with
each other in groups. This aspect helps in identifying the individual performance of employees in
organization. City College was formed in 2002 as a private college in North West Land. It is now
a part of group plc. In 2012, City group had an estimate 2.5 million and employed over 200 staff.
On the other hand, Jack Taylor founded the company Enterprises rent car in the year 1957 and is
headquartered at St. It has become one of the foremost car hire company and the largest
purchaser of cars in the world. The present report emphasizes on different organizational
structure and culture, relationship between organizations structure and culture and also evaluates
the factors which influence individual behave at work. Further it focuses on different leadership
style, diverse approaches and impact of leadership style and motivation practices on both the
organization. Further, it also provides detail about nature of group and group behaviour of both
the company.
TASK 1
(a) Comparison and contrast between different organization structure
and culture
Compare and contrast different organizational structure of City College and Enterprises
Car Rental
City college Enterprises Car Rental
This college structure is flat because it has few
management levels. They focus on
development of their college.
Enterprises Car Rental follows tall
organization structure. This type of structure is
followed as management level increase the
structure also grows taller. In each of the levels
the control of managers is very less.
It follows chain of command which flows from
top to bottom and there are few departments
and each department has its own responsibility.
Enterprise Car Rental follows chain of
command which flows from bottom to the top
of the organization. It makes sure that every
task, job position and department only has one

person who is responsible for its employees
performance
It has narrow control over staff and teachers. Its control is broad as over all departments are
control by managers.
Instead of this paragraph in orange color my teacher ask to write about
TALL,FLAT,SHORT AND LONG BROAD& NARROW
Types of organizational culture:
There are two type of culture City college follow are:
 Power: In City College, power is in the hands of few people only they can take decision
for the college. They are most important people of organization because only they have
power to take decision regarding college purpose Hoggand Terry, 2014) Employee of
organization cannot share their views and ideas they only have to follow the orders of
superior. Role culture: In this type of culture, every human resource has different roles and
responsibility according to their qualification and interest.
There are two type of culture Enterprises car rental follow are:
 Arttifacts: The first level is the characteristics of organization which can be easily seen,
heard and felt like dress code of employee, office furniture etc. Enterprises car rental
allows the individual to wear casual dress (Miner, 2015). Employees are required to
respect their senior and avoid unnecessary dispute. The employee needs to complete their
task on particular time.
 Values: In organization culture, value of employee and value of the individual working is
very important within organization. It plays an essential role on developing
organizational culture. In this context, employee’s contribution is also benefits and
suggestions are also considered.
Tall and flat structure
Large organizational structure always require a taller hierarchy. It result in one long
chain command when the management levels increase city college structure grows taller. The
chain may consist of employee and owner or employees to manager to the CEO (Hitt, 2013). It
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is too long because of this there is a lack of managerial control. While in flat structure it has a
few level of management with each level control large area. In this structure enterprise car rental
focus on solving problem with collaboration. This structure offer more opportunities to
employees for promoting the large business vision.
Narrow span of control and wide span of control
it means a single manager or supervisor supervise few subordinates it give rise to all
organizational structure (Grossberg, 2013). It is more expensive as compare to broad span of
control. In broad span of control single manager supervise large number of subordinates. Their is
less oprtunity for growth in case of narrow span of control.
Long and short chain of command
Long chain of command is that allows higher management to keep control if business is
large. When the size of firms increase it become difficult to control the all level of management.
The chain of company allow the order at each level of firms. While in short chain of command it
is easy to handle all the business function easily. When management level is short then manager
can easily operates all the activity and communicate easily at all levels.
(b) Explain the relationship between organizational structure and
culture and their effects
There is direct relationship between structure and culture of the organization.
Organizational structure is adopted by the company according to the culture which is current
followed in the organization (DuBrin, 2013). They fully depend upon organizational goal and
focus on how to achieve it. In decentralization structure, decision making power is given to
lower level employees as this helps in increasing the job satisfaction level. Workers are assigned
to role in same structure there is need to change the culture.
Effects of both culture and structure on performance of City College and Enterprise car
Rental:
At City College, power is in the hands of few members for taking the decision because
they don't discuss on issues with employee lack of information can create losses for company.
All employees have different responsibility and no team work is followed which affects

performance of the organization because group work helps in motivating employee and ensures
proper communication between workers (Grossberg, 2013). For example, in city college there is
no proper communication between all departments so it impact on the goal of organization
because miscommunication result in lack of information about college which further impact on
the development of college.
add about enterprise car
Organizational culture effects on enterprise car rental because different culture take place
in organization may effects the motivation level and performance of employees. In company
when when work with fear of manager It effects their work performance (Chiang and Hsieh,
2012).. Organization structure is too short it cover a large area of control and there are less
employees. So burden of work on particular employees effects the company overall productivity
and lower the profitability.
(c) Factors influencing the behaviour of individual at work enterprises
and City College
Factors influencing the behaviour of individual at work are:
 Leadership: Leaders play an important role in influencing behaviour of individual at the
workplace. It is responsibility of the leader to set direction for team member. When
leaders are harsh on employee, then they fail to perform their roles and responsibilities
effectively. It has been witnessed that if leaders do not involve the employees in decision
making process then they feel uncomfortable and they get de-motivated which also
affects their overall work (Montano. and Kasprzyk, 2015). At Enterprises Car Rental,
Leaders are required to understand their team also and communicate with them so that
they can shares their ideas and views. When employees do not feel comfortable with their
team leader then they hesitate while talking to them. .
 Work culture: Employee need to feel comfortable at workplace to stay positive and
happy. Rules and regulation should be same for all the workers. When discrimination is
done between employees then they do not like to work in the organization (Wooten and
Hoffman, 2016). If there is no transparency in work, then workers will not work hard as
they will feel they are not a part of organization.
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 Job responsibility: At City College Job responsibility to worker is not given according
to their experience then employee fail to put on their full efforts because they don't have
proper knowledge of work given to them. If workers don't understand their work they do
not perform efficiently and these are also cases in which they leave the organization.
 Effective communication: If there is no effective communication with workers they
cannot share their problem with team leaders. It impact the work performance because
due to ineffective communicate they cannot solve their problem.
TASK 2
(a) Compare the effectiveness of different leadership’s style.
Different leadership style and their impact on organization are as follow:
 Autocratic leadership style: In this style, mangers make decision alone without
involving others in their decision making process. Enterprises Car Rental follows
autocratic leadership style. Due to this style, the employees feels that their opinion is not
important for them (Chiang and Hsieh, 2012). No one can argue on the decision of the
team leader. All control is in the hands of leaders and they distribute work to team
member without asking them which creates negative impact of leaders on the workers.
This style is not good for both the organization.
 Democratic leadership style: This style is very effective and good for running the team.
Ideas and views can easily share in group in this type of style. Team leader involves team
worker in discussion and in the decision making process. Its impact is helps in achieving
target because group work motivate employee to work hard for their target (Chiang and
Hsieh, 2012). Both Enterprises Car Rental and City College should follow this style as it
is very effective because it involves team work and make worker feel comfortable to their
work.
(b) Explain how organizational theory is linked to the style of
management
Organizational theory linked with the style of management in organization is
 Scientific Management: This theory focus on explaining logical situation in different
way in the organization. Further, it is used for operating the business activity. It helps in

delegating job to different workers in organization and manages all work in the company
in a best way so that employee performs well for their organization (Zellweger, Nordqvist
and Brush, 2013). Role of scientific management theory is to select person who is
appropriate for organization.
 Human relation approaches: This approach argues that people are emotional. Workers
are not only interested in financial gain. They also have others needs that they should be
fulfilled for enhancing their best performance. Workers also require job security and job
satisfaction which helps in performing well in organization.
Thus, it can be stated that organizational theory and style of management are directly
linked with each other and changes in one affects another.
(c) Evaluate the different approaches used by City College and
Enterprises
There are various approaches of management to identify the organizational behavior:
 Conflict approach: This approach assists in resolving dispute between the workers. It helps in
improving overall production of the organization. This approach aids in improving relation
between workers and managers while solving the conflict which arise between them (Hitt,
2013). At City College, relationship can become stronger with employees and they can easily
share their problem with the managers.
 Classical approach According to this approach, businesses laid more emphasis on enhancing
effectiveness and productivity of employees. As per the provided case scenario, Enterprise is
using this approach to attain its aim and objectives.
TAK 3
(a) Discuss the impact of different leadership style on the organizations
Impact of different leadership style on City Colleges and Enterprises Car Rental are as
follow
Autocratic leadership style: Autocratic leaders can damage the organization, because
they do not share their views and ideas with the group. In this style all decision are taken by
leaders and employees are asked to follow those decisions without any argument Hogg, and
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Terry, 2014). Autocratic leaders do not motivate their employees towards their work and they do
not appreciate them for their performance. This type of style is adopted by those organizations
whose main motive is to earn profit. Further, this style is not suitable for Enterprise Car Rental
because their aim is to provide best service to customer. City College should use the autocratic
style because there motive is to earn profit
Democratic leadership: This type of leaders involve member in the group in process of
decision making. They focus on employment and customer satisfaction so it is suitable for
Enterprise Car Rental because this aids in improving employee’s work and performance.
Add 2 more types .. 1) lisealy fair 2)dictatorship
 laissez faire leadership style: It is also known as delegative leadership style, in this style
employees are free to make decision. Their is guidance given by leader related to work in
group. Leaders of group only provided tools and resource needed to their team member.
It is most effective in situation when group members are highly skilled and capable of
working without any support (Choi, Lee and Yoo, 2010). This style is good for the car
rental enterprises because group members are more skilled and motivated while
performing the task and all power in their hand.
 Dictatorship style: the leaders are using this style operates like a ruler. This type of
leaders make all decision by themselves without involving any team member. They made
several type of rules in group which are strictly to be followed by the all team members.
They are unrealistic in demand and does not allow other to ask any question or take any
decision. This leadership style is effective for the city college because decision power in
one hand and it control all the management level effectively without facing any problem
(b) Compare different motivational theories that City College and
enterprises can adopt
X theory: This theory helps in assuming that employees are naturally de-motivated and
does not like to work in the organization. At City College, the workers are required to be
motivated; . They need to control the worker (Miner, 2015). There is no delegation of authority
and responsibility. They are required to follow theory Y which supports the participative style of
management. It assumes that, employees are happy to work and are self motivated.

Maslow's hierarchy of needs: In this theory, it is necessary to identify what factors
motivate people. Maslow believes that employee is needed to motivate towards their work. At
enterprises, car rental are required to fulfill basic and physiological need. Examples are
physiological, safety, love and esteem. When workers basic needs are fulfilled then they move
towards safety needs and the process continues. If the employees are motivated then they work
for longer time in their organization and give their full effort in the company. Enterprise car
rental can adopt this Maslow hierarchy theory to motivate its employee. According to this theory
there are five stage of employee need which can be fulfilled by the company. When one need
fulfill employee move towards the other need (Saks and Gruman, 2011).. Car rental need to
firstly focus on the basic need of employee so that they motivate toward their work and work
more effectively to increase the overall production of the company.
Do mention about enterprise car rental
(f) Evaluate how motivation theories and practices apply in both
organization
Theory X and Y can be applied in City College because employees need to be motivated
in order to accomplish aim and objectives of the businesses. Theory X and Y applied on city
college so that they motivate to take responsibility of their work. Higher level of need and self
actualization are continuing need. By fulfilling the higher level need employees are motivate to
meet their objective on time. if reward are place for higher needs they consider their work as a
natural part of life and solve problem easily.
Maslow theory is adopted by Enterprise Car rental because they focus on motivation of
employee. They know that human resource needs to be motivated by fulfilling their basic needs
and physiological requirements. At every stage, workers are required to be encouraged because
employee will not work effectively if their needs are not satisfied. If Employee’s needs are
fulfilled then they provide better service to their customer.
Mention city college
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TASK 4
(g) Nature of group and group behavior within workforce of City
College and Enterprise
Team is a group of people who work together to achieve common goals and objectives of an
organization. There are two kinds of team one is formal and the other is informal under which the
nature of group and behaviour can be understood (Bratton and Corbett, 2010). In both City College and
Enterprise, there are different groups who work together; hence, following points explain nature of
group and group behaviors in both the organizations:
City College
From the case, it has been noted that City College has various formal groups to
accomplish the work. The staffs of various departments work together with the help of proper
communication and coordination. Further, individual in every team are provided with the
responsibility to monitor the performance of team. In formal groups, the team members behave
in the formal manner. For providing the information regarding college, different departments’
uses emails, meetings and other formal methods of communication for communication with their
members (Saks and Gruman, 2011). The principle of college designs the groups and assigns
duties to others; however, a higher level of interaction is required from the member’s side which
increases chances to be achieved higher growth and success Hence, the group members behave
in very professional manner and are highly committed to attain the goals.
Enterprise
Enterprise, on the other hand includes both types of groups such as formals and informal,
informal groups eventually develops, however, formal groups are designed for the purpose of
accomplishment off aim and objective (French, 2011). The formal group are designed by the
management and are continuously monitored by them. Hence, at the workplace of Enterprise,
both formal and informal methods of communication are used. The conversations with formal
groups is done through official meeting in which the problems are discussed and issues are also
communicated so as to related to company are discussed to find out the solutions. Including this,
Enterprise also has some informal groups which are automatically formed among people having

common interest and characteristics. The communication among such groups is facilitated during
tea and lunch breaks.
(h) Factors could make a team effectiveness and factors threaten to
the success and effectiveness of team
Factors affecting team effectiveness
 Effective communication: A healthy communication among team members is a key to
success and a most important factor of effective teamwork. Therefore, in both the
organization there has to be a clear and open communication among members.
 Knowledge sharing: The teams include people from various backgrounds who have
different knowledge and skills; hence, they share knowledge with each other which
results as a major factor for team effectiveness. In addition, team members must be
treated equally and must fulfill their responsibilities (Wijngaarden and Wijk, 2010).
 Leadership: There are leaders in both the organization who lead teams towards goal and
get productive output from them which is a key factor of team effectiveness. The leaders
have adopted effective leadership style and are guiding teams efficiently s along with
motivating them to attain targets (Wang, Waldman, and Zhang, 2014).
 Team Building Exercises- Shared experiences and the practice are the major factors of
team effectiveness. There are advanced team building exercises in Enterprises and City
College which facilitates team effectiveness.
Factors threaten to the success and effectiveness of team
 Lack of training- The absence of trainings is the key factors which creates obstacles in
the success and growth of the business enterprise. In case, the employees are not given
effective trainings in the field of work their productivity and performance will decrease
that will definitely affect the team performance.
 Mismanagement and diversity – Inefficiency of leaders to manage teams and unclear
goals, poor assignment of roles and responsibilities negatively affect the success.
Including this, if diversity in team will not be managed then it becomes negative factor
which prevents the team from being effective.
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 Lack of trust and cooperation’s: Another factor which inhibits success and
effectiveness of team are absence of trust and cooperation among team members.
(i) Role of technology in the success of business and the impact of
technology on the performance of City College and Enterprise
Technology plays a significant role in today’s corporate world by supporting business in gaining
success and being competitive in the market. The performance of both the organization is affected by
using technology as it is a major factor in determining success. The implementation of new technologies
at the workplace helps in attaining goals and objectives. In addition, the efficiency of employees can be
improved through implementing new technologies at the workplace. The use of latest machines and
modern means of communication are going to help both the companies in delivering information in all
departments so that fruitful decisions can be facilitated, further effectiveness of various teams will be
improved (Choi, Lee and Yoo, 2010). With the implication of new technologies, various teams can
communicate effectively with each other so that goals can be accomplished. Hence, it can be said that
there is a positive impact of technology on City College and Enterprise as team effectiveness can be
improved by using new technologies as the communication methods. However, some monetary cost is
to bear by both the companies. Various teams can use intranet facilities that will help in effective flow of
information so that individuals can create better communication between the team members (Klein,
2011). Hence, technology impact business performance in a way to deliver better services and also
increase customer satisfaction.
conclusion
From the above report it can be concluded that there are different type of organizational culture
and structure which is adopted within the organization. These act as guidelines which enables the
firm to have systematic process in working. Further, there are many motivational theories which
enable the organization to encourage and make their work more effective. In this context, one of
the best motivational theories which can be used is the Maslow's Hierarchy of need. This covers
all the essential areas with the help of which employees can be motivated.

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