Organisation and Behaviour Report: A David and Co. Ltd. Assessment

This report analyzes the organizational behaviour of A David and Co. Ltd., a medium-sized enterprise involved in fruit production and distribution. It examines the impact of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual and team behaviour, highlighting the importance of a comfortable work environment and its influence on performance. The report further explores various motivation theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, and Alderfer's ERG theory, and how these can be used to enhance employee performance and goal attainment. It also compares effective and ineffective teams, underscoring the significance of leadership and team dynamics. The report concludes by outlining the concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour as applied by David and Co. Ltd., emphasizing the importance of employee well-being and motivation in achieving organizational goals. The report provides insights into how the company manages its employees and the impact of these strategies on the overall performance of the organization.

ORGANISATION AND
BEHAVIOUR

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Influence of organisation culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour.....1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
P2 Theories of motivation and techniques for attainment of goals.............................................4
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Comparison between effective and ineffective team.............................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within organization.......................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Behaviour of a person in an enterprise is very much significant similarly an association
behaviour towards its employees, consumers is necessary to analysed seriously for understanding
their minds. However, organisational behaviour is a study of employees action in an enterprise
by showing their influence within the firm (Andersson, Jackson and Russell, 2013). In this
report, the company which is going to referred here is A David and co. Ltd. which is medium
sized enterprise offers production and distribution of fruits in number of geographical region on
regular basis. Along with this, organization provides fresh fruits, vegetables, prepared goods and
bakery products on daily basis to hospitality industry, schools, nursing homes as well as having
contracts with governing bodies. Initially assignment throw lights on impact of culture, politics
or power on performance of individual and team. Furthermore, it also highlight numerous of
theories and techniques of encouraging employees towards attainment of personal or
professional goals. At the end of this project comparison between effective or ineffective team is
also outlined and concept or philosophies of organizational behaviour used by David and Co Ltd.
TASK 1
P1 Influence of organisation culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour
An enterprise is a term which is defined as a place that organizes and controls target and
goals of an organization and its behaviour signifies the modes by which employees may interact
with each other at workplace. Effective training is conducted by managerial team of an
association for their staff members in order to accomplish their assigned task and activities in
effective way (Ashkanasy and Humphrey, 2011). However there are number of reason behind
implementation of improvement events such as; for highlighting the background of a company,
its structure, values, norms, policies, strategies and so on. Therefore, culture, politics, values ,
power of a David and co Ltd. have a greater impact on employees behaviour and influence their
performance because if environment of an organization is not comfortable for them then they are
enable to perform their task and activities. Along with this, it resulted in failure in achievement
of personal and professional objectives which indirectly affects image of entire company. Thus,
affect of power, politics and culture on individual as well as behaviour of team is highlighted as
follows:-
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Influence of culture:- Culture of an organization have a very strong impact on
performance of overall company because environment is key to motivate employees towards
their job role by making them more comfortable (Avey, Palanski and Walumbwa, 2011). Along
with this, it shows the corrective path to workers in order to perform their assigned roles and
responsibilities efficiently for attaining set objectives or goals.
(Source:- Shaping Organizational Culture, 2017)
Above diagrammatic representation shows the three essential dimensions of culture
which must be considered by enterprise.
Therefore, classification of culture is defined below:- Power:- According to this element, culture of a David and co Ltd. plays a major role in
getting power within enterprise as well as encourage employees to adjust in the
surrounding where full control is in the hands of particular individuals. Basically this
term shows the authority which is granted by board of directors to their managers for
managing or controlling specific department (Bolino and et. al., 2013). Role:- Culture of enterprise also supports in assigning roles of employees as per their
specialization or by considering relevant facts or figures. It means as per this element,
top most authority of a company is responsible for deciding the job role for hired
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I
llustration 1: Shaping Organizational Culture

employees according to their skills, knowledge, talent and learnings by going through
their qualification.
 Task:- In this component, an organization is going to assigned specific task to their
employees according to their likes or dislikes in order to perform it properly without
facing any obstacles or barriers. If an individual is not happy or satisfied with their
allotted work then it may hamper their job and influence performance. Therefore, it is
essential for managers to allot task as per preferences or choice of employees so that they
will attain it in a defined time period (Carpenter, Berry and Houston, 2014).
On the other hand, culture of an enterprise means values or principles set by higher
authority for entire association and all of them perform their work by considering fundamental
rules and regulation of a company. Consequently, it shows the process which is followed by
employees while performing their job role and defines the method by which staff members
interact with each other as well as handled splendid business transaction.
(Source:- Johnson, 2001)
As per above graphical representation it has been analysed that culture of an association
drift around these components which plays a major role in understanding actual definition or
role of culture.
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Illustration 2: Corporate Culture Change

Basically, culture of David and Co Ltd. is designed by positive or negative behaviour of
persons who are working there which is reflected in their presentation.
Culture of association consist of number of factors which is explained as under:-
 Official environment
 Business hours.
 Benefits for employees.
 Methods of treating consumers.
 Dress code of staff, mangers, labours, higher authority and every individual performing
at workplace (Choi, 2011).
It has been analysed that all these above components act as a “glue” for organization
because it supports in keeping the staff members at one place and encourage them to work as a
team. Actually, people working in an organization are coming from numerous of places, distinct
culture, tradition and background because of this it is not easy to work in a team therefore
authorities of an institution is liable for managing them by treating equally without
discriminating between employees.
Politics and power of an enterprise is also have a greater impact on behaviour of
individual as well as team because it covers those activities which are essential for
accomplishing to attain desirable results that is not easy to achieve in normal circumstances.
Politics always led down the performance of an employee within the organization. It engages an
employee in the different aspects of the politics within the workplace. If the performance of an
employee will decrease, it will decrease the overall performance of the team also. This issue also
demotivate the other employees to work hard for the betterment of David and Co. Ltd. Hence
reducing the overall productivity of the organization. Basically power is the authority or ability
of getting others to reform their behaviour or nature even if they don't want to do so (Colquitt
and et. al., 2011). Along with this, power is a term which shows the capability of an individual to
influence their subordinates by motivating them towards attainment of companies goals.
However major objectives of David and co Ltd. is to serve fresh foods or beverages desirable
clients like various hotels, restaurants, government contractors etc. therefore supervisor having
power in their hand is responsible for forcing employees working under to satisfied their desired
consumers.
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TASK 2
P2 Theories of motivation and techniques for attainment of goals
Most of the individual in David and co Ltd. is specialised in their field or department but
motivation is required to them for recognizing their true or actual potential. In fact people who
get encouraged towards their specification have a positive outlook in their life cycle as well as
comes to know about corrective path for their further change. Basically motivational tools or
techniques plays a very eminent role in strengthening the performance of employees because it
assist them towards appropriate route or path (Demir, 2011). Higher authority of David and Co
Ltd. appointed skilled or experienced leaders for encouraging their subordinates or entire staff
members in order to increase their confidence level as well as trying to boost their morale.
Basically, leaders may motive their employees with the help of two useful methods which are
explained as follows:- External :- According to this element, leaders may used extrinsic factors for encouraging
their employees for example; bonus cheques, extra vacations, increment in salary etc.
 Internal:- On the contrary to this, individuals also get motivated with their personal
desires or wishes such as challenges or communication with their best-loved customers,
to fulfils their some specific target or goals, to achieve their personal life objectives and
so on and it gives them great satisfaction.
Apart from this number of scientist or scholars who are studying motivational approach
since number of years are coming up with numerous of ideas or theories which are used by
David and Co Ltd. For bringing peace and harmony within the organization. Hence, several
number of motivational theories are coined by scholars for instance; Maslow hierarchical theory,
Herzberg's, Alderfer Adams etc. and these approaches are proposed by them are classified into
two different parts which are given below:- Content theories:- Another name of this framework is need theories because it
focussed on significance of what an individual wants and how they get encouraged.
Actually, in this segment employees trying to identify their needs which further relate
with motivational elements (Fisher and To, 2012).
 Process theories:- According to this, they are trying to show how action of a person is
directed as well as addressed barriers such as how procedure is accomplished in an
enterprise.
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However, various motivational theories are highlighted as follows:-
Maslow's Need Hierarchy theory:- This framework is depend upon psychological needs
of an individuals and for describing this, entire approach is categorized into five level for
explaining human needs that employees requires to fulfil at workplace. In fact, structure of
theory has been decided from lower to higher. Thus, requirement of staff members are classified
as follows:- Psychological needs:- As per this element basic requirement of individual must be
fulfilled for example; foods, shelter, and clothing. Safety and security:- As per this category members of an organization requires personal
and financial safety for well-being of workers (French and Holden, 2012). Social:- Requirement of love, help, friendship, family relations which is essential for
emotional satisfaction of an individuals are outlined in this component.
 Self esteem:- Employee needs respect from their subordinates or colleagues as well as
wanted to increase their confidence level.
(Source:- McLeod, 2017)
 Self actualisation:- At the end, member of a company wanted to attain everything
whatever desired to achieved.
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Illustration 3: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

Herzberg's two factor theory:- As per this framework, there are two factors which plays
a very vital role in encouraging employees in different ways. These component are underlined
below:- Hygiene factors:- This element is seen as a indispensable or useful for encouraging
employees like if they are not present then it influence them but if present then there is no
effect. For example; when an individual is addicted to drugs then he/ she will do anything
fir getting it again, thus it falls under hygiene factor. Like; security advantages, working
benefits and so on (Griffin and Moorhead, 2011).
 Motivators:- These elements employees when they are present in an enterprise but if
there is absence then it also not affect them. For example self actualisation requirement of
workers.
Alderfer's ERG theory:- According to this concept requirement is categorized into three
forms which is outlined beneath:-1. Growth needs:- In this element workers capacity is recognized and upliftment of
competence is also implemented.2. Relatedness:- Employees is having satisfactory connection with others but absence in an
organization.
3. Existence:- As per this element, managers of an enterprise is liable to check whether they
are physically fit or not.
Hence, it has been identified that if higher requirement of employees are fulfilled then
their demand might get maximized or increased (Kinicki and Kreitner, 2012).
Process theory of motivation
In order to motivate the employees at the workplace, the managers of David and Co. Ltd
should use process theory of motivation. There are various type of theories also included in it
such as Vroom's Expectancy theory, Adam's Equity theory etc., out of which Vroom's
expectancy theory is explained below:
Vroom's Expectancy Theory
The managers of the cited firm should keep in mind the expectancies of the employees so
that they can fulfil them easily. This theory is based on identifying the expectancies of the
employee. This is based on three attributes such as Expectancy, instrumentality and Valence.
Following is the explanation of such attributes:
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 Expectancy: This step includes the way that if the employee will put efforts on its job
than the performance of its surely increase. In order to have hard working there are some
of the necessity which are required. The employee requires right resource available to do
the job, right skills and necessary support to do the job. When all of the three aspects will
be available for the employee than its performance will automatically increased and also
for David and Co. Ltd. Instrumentality: It is the process of belief that if the employee will get good job than it
will be rewarded with the valued outcome. The employee of David and Co. Ltd Should
know relationship between the performance and rewards. The trust should also be there
which will provide the information of who gets what outcomes. Apart from that, the
employee should also requires transparency in the system of getting good performance
outcome.
 Valence: It is referred as the importance given by the employee for any task. An
employee can give importance for money and other can give importance for performance.
This is the difference which makes the employee think differently.
TASK 3
P3 Comparison between effective and ineffective team
Team is a cluster of individuals or unit of people that comes together for attaining similar
objectives by enhancing personal as well as professional well-being. However an enterprise team
denoted as project groups which is formed by staff members who comes together for performing
specific task to attain individual and occupational target in a given duration by producing
positive outcomes. Therefore, a team which is formed by managers of David and co Ltd. either
be effective and ineffective.
Effective team:- Employees working in successful team are committed towards their
team goals or targets and interact openly at workplace with their group members by having
perfect knowledge or skills about their subject. In fact members of this unit are not fully depend
upon their manages for accomplishing assigned task or activities. These types of team members
always looks forward to increase their performance and productivity. Apart from that, these team
members are loyal about the work so that they can increase their personal productivity and
performance.
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Ineffective groups :- Members working under this group are not interested in sharing
their issues or problems between each other because they are fully depend upon their leaders for
completing their allotted work. In fact in this team there are maximum chances of conflicts
which may hamper their objectives. Such type of team members never focuses on their work.
They always engages themselves in other politics of the workplace. Apart from that, they also
demotivate other employees to also engage with themselves. These team members cannot
produce high productivity and performance and hence decreasing the overall performance of the
team also. Therefore this type of team members called as ineffective team.
However, there are numerous of teams which is formed in an enterprise as well as
segmented into different department for performing specific task or activities (Lazaroiu, 2015).
These are explained as follows:- Functional team:- In David and co Ltd. there are few department which perform some
particular functions in an enterprise like distribution team, marketing, manufacturing
section etc. Therefore, individuals included in same team or belongs to similar filed are
meets regularly for same purpose. Here, employees have to report to their head managers
of an organization who is having primary obligation . Thus, in this unit four kinds of roles
are played which are explained as follows:-
1. Team leader:- Final decisions are taken by head of this group and whole team is
directed by them only for showing corrective path to entire organization. In fact
it is essential to hire one leader for proper functioning of a group.
2. Record keeper:- According to this element, management for keeping record is
essential for future decision making process. Responsibility of record keeping
consist of summary of meetings, previous or future data required to mentioned
here.
3. Progress chaser:- Every group need an individual who can maintain overall
schedule for completion of allotted task in a minimum time period.
4. Document controller:- Maintenance of documents for future use. Problem solving group:- According to this component, an organization is going to
establish a team for resolving all the available problems at workplace by removing visible
or invisible barriers (Lu, 2014). Their main objective is to provide instant solution to
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particular problems which may resolve permanently. It also consider as a temporary team
member just to eliminate some major issues. Work unit:- Individuals having similar task or activities in an enterprise by forming a
specific group.
 Quality team:- Another name of this group is excellence team whose main objective is to
maintain the work quality of employees by regular checking. In fact they are also set on
temporary basis as well as cross functional in nature.
These above teams are available at David and co Ltd. for running their business in a very
smooth manner by attaining set objectives.
On contrary to this Tuckman have implemented one of the effective and impressive
development model for enhancing specific group (MacKenzie, Podsakoff and Podsakoff, 2011).
However Tuckman have introduced one of elegant technique of developing team consist of four
way which is highlighted as follows:- Forming:- Team members are fully dependent on head of the group for assistance and
direction. Storming:- According to this stage employees are trying to prove their talent or skills at
the time of decisional process (Shaping Organizational Culture, 2017). Norming :- Roles and duties are classified between staff members and major decisions
are finalised by the consent of every member of groups.
 Performing:- Entire team is performing their role without taking help from leaders.
Therefore it has been analysed that when there is maturity in team members then
automatically positive relationship emerges between them.
TASK 4
P4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within organization
For understanding concept of enterprise behaviour in David and co Ltd. it is essential to
consider their cultures, values, norms , fundamental principles and so on because these are seen
as a basic components for every small – medium- large size organization. Basically corporate
culture of David and co Ltd. assist their employees towards judgements and decisions which was
taken on regular basis (Martinko, Harvey and Dasborough, 2011). Therefore, few of them are
highlighted as follows:-
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