Organizational Behaviour Report: Influence of Culture, Politics, Power

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behaviour, focusing on the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team dynamics within Marks and Spencer. It explores the impact of these factors on employee behaviour and performance, emphasizing the importance of maintaining an ethical and effective work environment. The report delves into various motivation theories, including Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory, and their application in enhancing employee engagement and productivity. Furthermore, it examines team development theories and philosophies, highlighting the significance of effective leadership and management in fostering collaboration and achieving organizational goals. The report also discusses the importance of delegation of power and creating a positive working environment to boost employee morale and achieve desired outcomes. Overall, the report provides insights into how organizations can manage their culture, politics, and power structures to improve employee performance and achieve long-term success.

1.0
ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

2.0 Table of Contents
3.0 INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................1
4.0 LO1............................................................................................................................................1
4.1 Analysis of how culture influence team and individual behaviour..................................1
4.2 Analysis of politics influence...........................................................................................2
4.3 Influence of power influence team and individual behaviours........................................2
5.0 LO2 Motivating individuals and teams to achieve goals...........................................................4
5.1 Motivation........................................................................................................................4
5.2 Theories of motivation.....................................................................................................4
5.3 Motivation techniques......................................................................................................7
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence8
individual and team behaviour and performance...................................................................8
M2 Motivation Theories, concepts and models which can be applied for influencing
Behaviour...............................................................................................................................9
of Individuals..........................................................................................................................9
D1 Evaluation of Relationship between culture, politics, power and motivation that would
enable....................................................................................................................................10
teams and organizations to succeed......................................................................................10
6.0 LO3 How to cooperate effectively with other.........................................................................11
6.1 Team...............................................................................................................................11
6.2 Team Development........................................................................................................11
6.3 Effective team.................................................................................................................12
6.4 Ineffective Teams...........................................................................................................12
7.0 LO4 Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour.................................................13
7.1 Theories of institutional activeness and various other problems which impact execution13
Barriers which affect individuals and team performance.....................................................14
M3 Analyse relevant team and group development theories to support the development of14
Dynamic co-operation..........................................................................................................14
7.1 Influence of theories on behaviour of people at workplace...........................................14

D2 Evaluation of the relevance of team development and various philosophies that have a
impact...................................................................................................................................15
On the workplace..................................................................................................................15
8.0 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................................15
9.0 REFERENCES........................................................................................................................17

3.0 INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is a process in which behaviour of various elements of an
organization is analysed and judged for the purpose of growing business over period of time. The
main aim of organization behind this study is to analyse the areas in business which requires
modifications and which has to be amended for enhancing the productivity of organization.
Marks and Spencer is a retail company which is engaged in the business of textiles (Acharya, S.
and et. al., 2011). The company wants to grow its business overtime in various countries. The
main element of Organization behaviour is management of employees at the workplace, their
behaviours needs to be analysed and necessary changes in the same should be made. In present
Report, the impact of various factors on the behaviour of the company will be analysed. Various
motivation theories which are used by the company for motivating its employees will be
discussed in the report. Organization behaviour also suggests ways through which employee’s
performance can be enhanced. Every enterprise has some culture and politics that is influenced
by its surroundings. It is important that a balance is maintained in each so that the desired goals
and objectives can be raised. The measures that needs to be adopted by management for the
purpose of generating best possible performance from employees and other resources of
organization are also discussed in this report. Marks and Spencer is a well-known company and
therefore it focuses on better training and development of its employees so that they can treat its
customers and clients in effective manner for the achievement of Organizational Goals. The
following report will talk about different factors that has their impact on culture of an enterprise
along with how same can be managed. It will be examined that how leadership and management
skills are required to get the desired outcomes at work place along with the impacts of motivation
on employee’s performance and how same can be developed using distinct theories.
4.0 LO1
4.1 Analysis of how culture influence team and individual behaviour
An organization is made up of various people and all these people belongs to various
cultures and they come together only for the purpose of achieving the objective of organization.
This is a critical process and in technical term it is called as structure of behaviour. Culture is the
values that prevails within the workplace of organization (Adeniji, 2011). The various elements
of Cultural environment of an organisation are symbols, languages, working environment,
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religion followed, social interactions etc. These cultures help in enhancement of performance of
employees. The main aim of any enterprise is to create an ethical and effective environment
within the company so that various strategies of the company can be effectively implemented.
Culture, politics and power has great influence on how an individual and team respond to work
in an organisation. There is organisation where participative culture is followed which helps in
motivating the work force. When employees know that their suggestions are welcomed by the
work force they develop felling of belongingness and hence give their maximum efforts.
4.2 Analysis of politics influence
Politics – It refers to the Political structure that exist within an organisation. There exist
workplace politics in most of the organisation and it follows from top to bottom. A chain of
command usually works in an organisation which compels employees. In this it is given care that
positive surroundings are maintained. It is important that negativity is avoided like creation of
miss understanding etc. Politics means use of power for the purpose of implementing various
decisions. In Marks and Spencer, it is necessary to create an ethical and nice working condition
so that employees can relate to company and enhance their productivity in longer run. An
organization like Marks and Spencer uses this kind of resources to take the best out of
employee’s abilities as well as skills. The main aim of the company is to analyse the weak areas
which requires modification and necessary Training and development programme should be
initiated for different employees based on their needs (Collings, Scullion and Vaiman, 2011)
4.3 Influence of power influence team and individual behaviours
In the referred enterprise it is found that delegation of power is done which has effected
positively to the work force. They find themselves valuable in an enterprise and help in raising
the total productivity level of firm. • It means allocation of power to individuals. Usually it is
desirable that power should remain in the hands of few for effective management of company. It
also helps in creating a flexible environment within the company.
The various Modes of strategies can be discussed as follows: Role: It basically means assignment of role and responsibilities as per the skills and
capabilities in order to achieve the level of desired performance. Task: As per the level of performance of different employees the task is allocated to
them. The capabilities to different kind of employees is a very important factor in
assigning tasks to them.
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 Person: Within an Organization, there are various kind of peoples who come under one
roof and follows the guidelines which are told to them by senior level management of the
company.
The performance level of Marks and Spencer and its employees is interrelated as it is a retail
company and its employees directly deals with customers, therefore it is of crucial importance
that employees are well trained to handle customers as it has a direct impact on overall sales
growth and profitability of the company (Coccia, 2014). It is the responsibility of company to
maintain an ethical environment within company so that employee morale remains boosted and
the outcomes which are expected by the company can be attained.
The decisions which are taken by the management of company should be implemented in
effective manner, in order to accomplish the same, there are two key elements which are
important for this implementation these are power and Politics and both are interrelated to each
other. These elements directly influence subordinates in positive and in negative manners. There
are certain things which can be classified as the culture of an organization, the culture within
Marks and Spencer consist of following elements: Abilities: There are different strategies which can be applied by the company so that
individuals within the organization can be allocated tasks based on their abilities that
they carry and there is no scope for Biassed nature and partiality. Leadership: The main aspect of management is to provide guidelines as well as set up
the road on which the employees have to walk. It is the responsibility of Leaders as well
as managers that Employees perform the task that are being allocated to them to perform
well. For the purpose of this structure to work out, there are certain needs as well as
wants that should be satisfied by the company so that employees do not feel themselves
isolated. Attitude: The kind of Attitude that a manger or the leader carries will be going to decide
how the employees will be going to perform.
Working Environment: It is of paramount importance that the kind of working environment
which is being provided to employees should be good enough and it should satisfy their basic
necessities and demands (Del Mar Alonso-Almeida and Rodríguez-Antón, 2011. ). There are
various laws as well which states that the working condition of company should such that it will
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not harm employees within organization. The employees should feel safe and secure within the
organization so that the outcomes which are being expected can be achieved.
There are various measures that needs to be taken by management of organization in order to
achieve the best kind of performance from employees. There are different types of people and
they require different treatment from managers.
5.0 LO2 Motivating individuals and teams to achieve goals
5.1 Motivation
For the purpose of enhancing the performance of organization as well as employees there
are certain theories which should be chosen by management of company for the purpose of
raising the skills and capabilities of Employees. For the purpose of creating an ethical working
environment within the organization the company should implement various cultural theories for
uplifting the overall structure of the company. There are some major theories which can be
adopted by Marks and Spencer Plc so that work can be done efficiently within the organisation,
these are described as below:
5.2 Theories of motivation
Measlow's Hierarchy of Needs: According to this theory, it is a natural Human nature that
if the demands of a human being will get full filled in proper manner than his performance level
will going to increase over period of time. The basic needs should be fulfilled by the
management of company these are food, shelter, clothing etc. If such needs of human beings will
be satisfied it will lead to a higher and efficient performance from the side of employees over
longer period of time (Farndale, Hope-Hailey and Kelliher, 2011). This is regarded as first stage.
In the second stage once these needs is fulfilled the next step is to get strong financially overtime
and for this the employees will try to get their own assets by investing their savings and also
ensuring a proper health for themselves. These things boost up overall confidence of people and
hence is very effective for judging human nature in general.
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(Source: Simplypsychology.org, 2017)
Herzberg's Motivation: Hygiene Theory: According to this theory motivation can be infused
among employees if they will be given proper responsibilities and power they will derive
satisfaction from their job and such results can be seen in overall performance of company
(Fuchs and Edwards, 2012). There are certain factors which are considered as negative and may
have a negative impact on productivity these factors are salary, demotion, policies, working
condition etc. There are many other factors a manger should look into all those factors and
should make sure that these will have least possible impact on performance of employees.
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Illustration 1: Measlow's Hierarchy of Needs

(Source: Simplypsychology.org, 2017)
 Alderfer's ERG Theory: Under this theory the classification of needs has been done,
needs are divided into three parts these are, creating needs, connection needs and growing
needs. Needs should be fulfilled in legitimate mode while relatedness can be executed for
procuring social and external respect by maintaining consistency of sound relations with
family and associates. Process Theory: In this sort of approach, there are different things which are being
expressed in regards to applying inspiration inside workplace. The various process
theories are being described here: Vroom's Expectancy Theory: In this sort of approach, it is expressed that a person who is
working under an association have some individual aptitudes and abilities which should
be accomplished. Vroom has this hypothesis and the intention behind detailing of this
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Illustration 2: Herzberg's Motivation Theory

hypothesis is to elevate the working execution of representatives alongside aptitudes,
information and experience with the goal that advantages can be derived by workers and
association over longer period of time.
 Adam's Equity Theory: it is exceptionally fundamental to treat everybody who is
working in an association similarly with the goal that profitability of firm can be made
strides (Hotho, S. and Champion, 2011). In addition, this sort of hypothesis states with
respect to circulation of assets in ideal mode. By proportion of correlation, assessment
should be possible of value according to welfare.
5.3 Motivation techniques
In order to motivate work force employees can be provided with promotion and rise in
their present pay scale can also help much to develop their present skills. Apart from this non-
monetary method can also be used in order to raise the present skills of work force. It includes
recognition in front of the work force which is important for the philological needs of employees.
Marks and Spencer is a UK based company who basically deals with clothing in retail sector.
The company is well recognised in UK and is expected to grow in future as well. The company
has applied various motivational theories for the purpose of motivating its workforce. This
procedure has allowed organization to train its employees as well as upgrade their skills based on
that. Therefore, it is of crucial importance that organization consistently implement various
techniques and theories for the purpose of enhancing growth of companies and individual over
longer period of time.
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(Source: Free-Management-ebooks.com, 2017)
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organisation can influence
individual and team behaviour and performance
Culture, politics and power are some crucial and important factors which are essential for
success of an organization. If the culture within the organization is not perfect and is not
according to the needs and demands of employees than they would be reluctant in working
within company and it may lead to negative outcomes for company in general. Therefore, it is
quite crucial that company keeps a check on various factors which might have impact on
organization. Impact can be both negative and positive and there is a need for continuous
assessment within marks and Spencer that it checks which things are impacting business and
which are not. Behaviours of individual and teams in an organization is directly influenced with
the kind of environment the organization is having in itself. If there is lack of motivation and
belonging within employees they will not be able to perform well as per the objectives of
company (Kaufmann, R. and Frisby, B. N., 2013). Marks and Spencer is continuously looking to
improve its working environment so that the company can attract and retain more employees and
can lead to an effective development of business and the whole company in general.
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Il
lustration 3: Adam's Equity Theory

M2 Motivation Theories, concepts and models which can be applied for influencing Behaviour
of Individuals.
It is quite important that every organization should have certain motivational theories and
concepts in management process which influence behaviours of individuals at workplace and
which can have a considerable impact on their working within market place. These theories
influence overall behaviour of each and every individual at the workplace. Some of the main
Motivation theories would involve:
Maslow's Theory: This theory was developed by Abraham Maslow in the year 1940. He
said that motivational needs are of different types these are physiological needs like air, food etc.
The management of company should keep in mind to full fill these needs as much as possible so
that employees remains motivated and will give 100 percent in their workings for organization.
There has been evidence that when companies have provided right kind of facilities and
amenities to its employees they feel even more motivated and they work even more hard for
attainment of company's goals and objectives.
Herzberg's Hygeine Model: Herzberg contends that there are two fundamental factors
that individuals think about when they are spurred. Herzberg's Motivation-Hygiene Theory,
straightforwardly endeavoured to answer the inquiry, "How would You Motivate Employees?"
The conclusions he drew were exceptionally persuasive, and still shape the bedrock of good
motivational practice almost 50 years after the fact.
McGregor's Theory: It is another theory of motivation which states that there are two
ways through which individuals can be managed as well as motivated (Kazemipour and Mohd
Amin, 2012). This theory states that psychological needs of individuals should be taken into
consideration for the purpose of motivating them to do well and contribute towards productivity.
Victor Vroom's Expectancy Theory: This theory states that individuals will perform in
an effective and efficient manner if they would want outcome very badly, this will lead to an
increase in productivity of organization and hence will lead to more productive outcome in
business. Individuals will perform well by their own and there would be no need of any separate
efforts by the management, because the rewards which will be there of the results that they will
achieve will motivate them to work well in their work.
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