Organizational Behaviour: Culture, Politics, Power, Motivation & Teams

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour, examining the influence of culture, politics, and power on individual and team performance within an organization. It uses Tesco Plc as a case study to illustrate these concepts. The report also evaluates content and process...Read More

Organizational Behaviour
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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
LO1............................................................................................................................................4
P1................................................................................................................................................4
M1..............................................................................................................................................6
LO2............................................................................................................................................7
P2................................................................................................................................................7
M2..............................................................................................................................................9
LO3..........................................................................................................................................10
P3..............................................................................................................................................10
M3............................................................................................................................................11
LO4..........................................................................................................................................12
P4..............................................................................................................................................12
M4............................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion................................................................................................................................15
Reference List..........................................................................................................................16
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Introduction
The term “organizational behaviour” refers to the process of managing or influencing other
working style and behaviour in an effective manner with the help of organizational
philosophy, mission and vision statements. This procedure allows the company to make the
individual and team performance of the employees more effective so that they can perform
their best in order to achieve the organizational objectives. This assignment includes the
influence of organizational politics, culture and power over the performance of employees. In
this assignment, a proper analysis of different models and techniques are also described,
which leads the company to accomplish its objective effectively. The last part of this
assignment also includes an explanation through which it is possible to identify the difference
among effective team and ineffective team and the concepts and philosophies, which lead the
organizational behaviour towards positive or negative way.
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LO1 Analyse the influence of culture, politics and power on the behaviour of others in
an organizational context
P1 Analyse how an organization’s culture, politics and power influence individual and
team behaviour and performance
In this context, Tesco Plc is taken into consideration in order to explain the impact of
organizational culture, power and politics over the individual and team performance. In an
organization like Tesco, the following factors play a crucial role in influencing the
performance and behaviour of individual employee and different teams of the organisation.
Culture: In Tesco, culture plays the most important role in order to increase the employees’
motivation towards performing their best in order to achieve the organizational goals and
objectives. In the context of Miner (2015), by maintaining proper culture inside the
workplace, it becomes much easier for the company to reflect their mission and vision so that
they can increase their brand image inside the marketplace. The organizational development
includes several specific aspects, which can maximize the sustainability based on the
effectiveness. In accordance with the enhancement of cultural aspects of this organization
also enhances the performance of the organization. In general, the term “organizational
culture” refers to the collective programming through which the employees of the company
can be distinguished effectively. The elements of organizational culture also affect the
sustainability and behaviour of the employees of the company (Weick, 2017). In Tesco,
organizational culture has the ability to enhance the job satisfaction of the employees along
with the performance of the company. The performance of the individual or teams is also
affected by the organizational culture.
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Organizational Culture
Individualism
Femininity
Individual or team
Performance
Internal Perspective
Learning Perspective
Figure 1: Impact of organizational culture on organizational performance
(Source: Created by the learner)
From the above figure, it has been identified that the individual and team performances are
directly impacted by the culture of the company. For example, if the organizational culture is
individual centric, then the management need to take special care of the employees on
individual basis, which might affect the teamwork performance (Kooshkiand Zeinabadi,
2016). Therefore, in order to overcome this problem, the management of Tesco is started to
take proper care of every team of the company so that their performance become more
effective in order to achieve the organizational objectives.
Politics: In Tesco, the political aspects have a strong impact over the organizational
performance. Every employee of the company has the willingness to achieve the top most
position inside the working environment. This desire is not come into their mind not for
achieving more money; in general, they are seeking for holding the ultimate power. In Tesco,
office politics make a negative impact on the organizational performance as an individual is
seeking of achieving the top position inside the working environment and therefore, the
person might take negative path in order to achieve that place.
Power: The term “power” refers to the capacity through which a person can influence the
behaviour of another or can force that person to do some specific tasks in an effective
manner. In Tesco, power tends to gather those actions along with exercises of the
organization, which are interconnected with each other by maintaining proper control of the
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rare assets along with central probabilities (Azizet al., 2017). In order to maintain a balance
inside the workplace, it is required by the management of Tesco to apply power and politics
in an effective manner. In case of any ineffective management or issue, conflict inside the
working environment might take place andcreate unnecessary chaos.
M1 Critically analyse how the culture, politics and power of an organization can
influence individual and team behaviour and performance
From the above discussion, it can be stated that culture, politics and power, these three are the
most crucial factors, which leads an organization towards achieving its objectives in an
effective manner. Culture will lead the individual and the teams by highlighting mission and
vision along with the tradition of the company to perform their best by maintaining a proper
discipline inside the workplace. In case of politics, it can lead the company in a successful
and unsuccessful manner. As a healthy politics inside the working environment will motivate
the employees (individual and team both) to perform, their best and a filthy politics will lead
the company to be unsuccessful inside the market (Jacobset al., 2014). In case of power, if it
can be utilized properly by the management then it might be possible to force or motivate the
individual or teams to perform their best in order to achieve the objectives in an effective
manner.
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LO2 Evaluate how to motivate individuals and teams to achieve goals
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational
techniques enable effective achievement of goals in an organizational context.
In order to motivate the employees towards achieving the organizational objectives, it is
mostly required by the company to adopt appropriate motivational theories and motivational
techniques in an effective manner. For explaining the motivational theories, Maslow’s
motivational theory can be taken into consideration and can be described as follows;
Figure 2: Maslow’s motivational theory
(Source: Jacobset al., 2014)
According to Maslow’s motivational theory in the context of Tesco, the management
motivates their employees based on five different factors, which can be described as follows;
Physiological needs: this refers to the three basic needs of the human beings (e.g. food, home
and cloth) and for which the employees are working in this company. Therefore, the company
should provide salary and accommodation to their employees in such a way that it can fulfil
their basic demands.
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Safety and security: The next requirement of employees is safety and severity. In order to
provide the employees proper safety and security, the company should take proper care of
their employees so that they can feel safe and secure while working for the company (Chenet
al., 2016). In order to do so, Tesco offers incentives, free medical treatments to their
employees.
Belongingness and love: In order to maintain a healthy relationship with the employees, it is
required for the company to provide a better social lives effectively (e.g. social and cultural
events so that employees can make effective communication to each other). Once the
physiological needs and safety needs of the employees are fulfilled, then they are looking for
affection so that they can spend a social life.
Self-esteem: After fulfilling all the above-mentioned, the employees are willing to increase
their respect in other’s eyes and want to hold a respectable position inside the company. In
order to do that the company provides promotional strategies based on the performance of
their employees so that they can award their employees with a promotion.
Self-actualization: Self-actualization refers to the tendency of the employees to grow more
while they become successful in all the above0mentioned factors. Through this tendency, the
employees are trying to grow more in accordance with their full potential by utilizing all the
opportunities and others in an effective way.
In case of motivational techniques, it is crucial for the company to motivate their employees
in a proper way so that they get motivated towards achieving the organizational objectives
and those can be described as follows;
Positive working environment creation: Azizet al.,(2017) put forward that by maintaining a
healthy and positive working environment, it becomes much easier for an organization to
motivate their employees towards performing their best in order to achieve the organizational
goals. Positive working environment also allows the employees to make effective
communication to each other and as a result, the teamwork becomes more effective.
Offer incentives: Offering incentives is another way to motivate the employees to work
harder and produce more quality work. By offering extra money (as incentives or
performance appraisal), the company can motivate their employees in such a way that they
can perform their best towards accomplishing the organizational objectives.
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Profit sharing: The organization can also share profits with their employees in order to retain
a healthy relationship with them and assure them that the company is taking an effective care
of them so that the employees are motivated towards performing their best (Weick, 2017).
M2 Critically evaluate how to influence the behaviour of others through the effective
application of behavioural motivational theories, concepts and models
From the above-discussion, it can be stated that motivational theories and techniques are very
important in order to accomplish the organizational objectives and goals in an effective way.
By implementing an effective theory and technique, it becomes much easier for the company
to motivate their employees for performing their best. For example, Maslow’s motivational
theory is effective to understand the basic needs of the employees and fulfil those in
accordance with their demands. By using appropriate motivational technique, the company
can apply the motivational theory inside the workplace to get better and effective output.
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LO3 Demonstrate an understanding of how to cooperate effectively with others
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Team can be referred to a working group of people, who works together to achieve certain
goals and objectives. Teams may be effective and ineffective. Effective group of individuals
encourage discussion on the basis of which they proceed with some effective conflict within
an organization, in order to introduce innovative and creative ideas.
Establishing relationship with team members
In an effective team, all the members enjoy each other’s company and they enjoy the process
of working together as compared to ineffective groups, where all the members distrust each
other and believe that they have some secret agendas. The employees of an organization such
as Tesco Plc., who are members of an effective team, have clearly defined and shared goals,
which they achieve by communicating clearly and concisely with each other and by working
together (Park et al., 2017).
Encouraging team members
All the team members encourage each other, so that each one of them can express their
thoughts and clarify their thoughts to achieve success. While in case of ineffective team, the
team members always try to back each other through logical and analytical perspectives and
they neither have any clear and conscience goal nor they communicate properly and thus
success cannot be achieved by them (Barrick et al., 2015). Effective group members respect
each other’s time and all the team members show genuine interest towards views and ideas
showcased by other team members. By doing this, an individual of an effective team is able
to understand the core point of the other team member and thus they can recognize the valid
viewpoints and ideas, by applying which they can overcome any adverse situation and they
can fulfil the mission and objectives of the business organization.
Respect for each other
Effective team members respect and follow the rules and regulations, which the team has
agreed on before. Each and every member of effective team views the team-work in a
retrospective view, mainly as a good learning experience for all of them. While, in case of
ineffective groups, the team members do not abide by the rules and regulations and as they do
not view the team work as a major learning experience, they personally gain nothing after
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completion of task. Accountability, trust and strong commitment make up an effective team.
There is always a good balance of skills and abilities of all the team members within an
effective team.
Establishing leadership
Leadership is one of the main factors, which is very necessary for a group to become
effective and ineffective. All the members of a team will trust an effective team leader, who
is able to manage and motivate all the team members with the help of his or her skills and
qualities (Rickards and Moger, 2017)
Self-development and foster team-work
Individual development is also essential, which will help all the members of a team to work
in the most effective way and will help them to gain knowledge and excel day by day. An
effective team always maintains a checklist and review list at the end of every day, by doing
which they can keep record of their ongoing tasks and about their future prospects (Bauer et
al., 2015)
M3 Analyze relevant team and group development theories to support the development
of dynamic cooperation
There are various theories and stages of developing a group (Forsyth, 2018) Bruce
Tuckmann, in the year of 1965, has introduced a model, which helps in developing a group.
The stages of group development are discussed hereafter.
Forming
During this stage, all the members of a team meet each other and they learn the task, which
they will do together. Team members try to observe and identify each other’s skills and
viewpoints regarding the given task. The project manager provides required structure and all
essentials to the team, so that they can understand their roles and responsibilities properly
(Forsyth, 2018). Alike all other organizations, Tesco also uses this stages in order to develop
and maintain effective team within the organization.
Storming
In this stage, the team members challenge each other regarding several issues, which include
conflict. This type of introducing conflict within the team is very common in case of any
group of Tesco but the conflict should have to be healthy and positive, so that the outcome
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will become fruitful and effective. This conflict helps team members to become an active
listener and helps to build and maintain good relation among all the team members including
the manager.
Norming
After the storming stage, when the conflict becomes less intense and situations becomes
stable, then the team members start to understand each other very clearly and proceed to the
Norming stage. During Norming stage, the team works together, by focusing in the task
together in the most effective way.
Performing
During the Performing stage, all the team members of a team become comfortable with each
other. They share their viewpoints with each other easily and accept all the group norms
together. As, the team performs together actively with full force, this stage results in high
performance and effectiveness of the project, assigned to the team. After following all the
above stages, employees of Tesco works effectively and thus the company is experiencing
success for years (Levi, 2015)
Adjourning
As and when the project work comes to an end the entire team moves to the Adjourning
stage. After the end of this task, in some cases team dissolves and some of the team members
feel a sense of loss as they have been emotionally attached throughout the working days.
Thus, this stage can also be termed as mourning stage.
LO4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour to a given business
situation
P4 Apply concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour within organizational
context and a given business situation
Organization behaviour is a study, which helps to investigate the impact that an individual or
a group has on the behaviour within an entire organization. Behaviour of human being is
always unpredictable and thus the behaviours of employees have to be understood while
working in an organization (Wilson and Fiona, 2018). There are several philosophical
concepts, which can be used in order to identify the behaviour of all people associated with
Tesco Plc. and all other business organizations.
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Individual Differences
Every individual in this world are different from each other probably in a number of ways
(Dörnyei., 2014). This idea of difference between behaviours of individuals comes from
psychology. From the very early stage of life, one person is different and unique as compared
to other, based on their DNA profile, characteristics traits and personal experiences.
Perception
Perspective of people also differs even if two individuals are observing the same object or
same situation. An individual always observes and interprets a situation based on his or her
own life experience and thus perception is different for different people and one should not
judge any other person based on his own perspective without judging the view point of the
other person (Schnackenberg and Tomlinson2016)
Human Dignity
The concept of Human Dignity is very philosophical. Each employee of an organization,
rather each and every person in this world should be treated with full dignity and respect
irrespective of the individual’s gender, caste and wealth and designation (Bonefeld and
Psychopedis, 2017).
Mutual Interest
Mutual Interest in this field of OB means that an employee needs support of an organization
and in a similar way, the organization also needs its employees. If there is no mutual
understanding and support within the employees of Tesco and the organization, then there is
no sense of assembling and developing a group.
Holistic Concept
As and when all the fundamental concepts of organizational behaviour are placed and
assembled together, the Holistic Concept emerges. This concept helps to interpret the
relationship between an employee and the organization, in which the employee is working.
All these possible factors influences the behaviour of the employees and all other people
associated with the business organization (Kreimeier et al., 2014).
M4 Explore and evaluate how concepts and philosophies of OB inform and influence
behaviour in both positive and negative way
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Employees behave differently within a social setting or within any workplace. There are
several factors, which influence organizational behaviour within Tesco Plc. in both positive
and negative ways (Miner, 2015). Various concepts and philosophies of OB has been
discussed, which helps to improve quality and productivity of the business organization. It
helps to improve the customer service and improve the skill sets of all the employees and
other people associated with the business organization. The work life is balanced, by
promoting ethical behaviour of employees and thus it helps to bring huge innovation and
positive change within the organization. Organizational behaviour helps to create a healthy
and positive work environment, by which the organization can gain high competitive
advantages. Thus, organizational behaviour plays a significant role regarding the
management of any business organization. The study of OB highly influences the behaviour
of employees in a workplace.
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Conclusion
Organizational Behaviour plays a significant role to foster the business activities and also
bring a positive change within the management of a business organization. In this project
report, a detailed and critical analysis has been done in order to influence the culture, politics
and power on the behaviour of employees regarding organizational context. The theories of
motivation have been discussed and a detailed evaluation has been done on the basis of how
the theories of motivation have influenced the entire organization. A demonstration has been
given about how an effective team differs from an ineffective team. The relevant theories
regarding group development has been discussed in this project report.
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