Organizational Behaviour: Analysis of Tesco's Practices

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behaviour, focusing on the application of various theories and models within the context of Tesco Plc. The report begins with an executive summary and introduction that sets the stage for the study. The main body evaluates theories of organiz...Read More

Organization
Behaviour

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This report summarised that various topics which help the organization to analyse their
employees behaviour and try to make them capable to achieve business goals & objectives. This
report contain theory of organizational culture, model of communication, motivational theory
and findings which collected through interview process. Organizational behaviours (OB) is the
study of individual attitude and behaviour regarding every activity and actions taken by people in
the business. It further helps in analysing individual performance as well as it include the human
behaviour in the workplace. It impact in terms of job structure, performance, motivation,
leadership, communication etc. Organizational behaviour helps in understanding individual
nature and how it will impact the productivity and profitability. With the help of various
motivational or leadership theories, manager formulate strategy accordingly which further used
in decision making process. Main objective of OB is to achieve high productivity or profitability
that accomplished business goals. By using Maslow's or other motivational theory, organization
improve the productivity as well as performance of their employees which is very important for
business operations.

Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1. Evaluate the theories and models which helps in analysing human behaviour.......................1
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
Describing and explain a range of models and theories appropriate to organization culture,
communication and motivation ...................................................................................................9
(Covered in PPT).........................................................................................................................9
2. Analyse the findings for a company to linked with various practices in action to the model
and theories..................................................................................................................................9
(Covered in PPT).........................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is the study which help the individual to understand behaviour of
people and what are the exact reason for this. Here organization identify the cause and its effect
on individual behaviour. Manager of the company need to ensure that each and every activity
will be done systematically (Ellis and Dick, 2013). Organization adopt various practices in order
to enhance organizational productivity as well as profitability. It further helps in achieving
business goals & objectives. Tesco Plc selected for the better understanding of this report and it
include various topics. Company founded in 1919 by Jack Cohen in Welwyn Garden City (Tesco
Plc, 2019). Such as different theories, models and concept of human behaviour in the workplace.
Along with this, it includes the understandings of theories which helps in interacting with
individuals, group and organizational level. Demonstrate the understanding and impact of
organizational culture which provide further success in the market or help in achieving business
goals & objectives.
MAIN BODY
1. Evaluate the theories and models which helps in analysing human behaviour
Evaluate the theories of organizational culture:
Organizational culture include individual's value and behaviour that will contribute to
build unique society and working environment for the business. Different culture affect the
individual and group of people to interact with each others such as stakeholders, clients etc.
Organization culture is the system where individual share different assumption, value, beliefs
and governance. There are various theories which help the organization to understand their
culture and behaviour of their employees in order to increase performance and efficiency which
helps in increasing productivity as well as profitability of the business. For the effective analysis,
Handy's organizational culture theory will be discussed below:
Handy's organization culture theory: Under this theory Handy define four different
types of organizational culture such as power, role, task and person (Handy's organization
culture theory, 2018). It helps the business to understand that how individual become more
comfortable in their organization rather than others. They represent structure which associated
with different culture. Different types of culture discussed below:
1

Illustration 1: Handy's organization culture theory, 2018.
Power culture: Under this Organization culture, power will be held by some individual
who influence others in the workplace which affect the operations and other activities. In this
type of organizational culture few rules and regulations are included because authoritative person
have power to decide what happen in the business. For example: Manager of Tesco Plc can
decide activities and then assign the individual for the completion of particular task. Because
employees are judged as per their performance and what they achieve. In this type of
organizational culture help the business to take quick decision in context of the organization. It
is a strong culture which helps the company to maintain internal structure and further proceed to
achieve their business goals & objectives.
Role culture: This organizational culture is totally based on rules where everything is
highly under control. Because every employee know their role as well as responsibility so they
perform accordingly (Fischer and et.al., 2015). Any individual in role culture determined a
person's position in the organization structure which include the long chain of command and they
have to follow this structure to maintain discipline. Under this culture, decision making
processes is very slow because they have to follow structure and it will take time. For example:
2

Manager of Tesco can follow this culture where they maid proposal and then wait for the
approval from top management which already include various level. These types of organization
avoid risk and it is bureaucratic because of following role culture.
Task culture: In this type of culture, manager build a team for specific project and team
members will be selected as per some specific skills, ability or capabilities. In this type of culture
power on an individual will shift and it will depended on team members and type of project. So it
is important for the organization to mix right skills, personality, capabilities, leaderships etc. it
will determine the team dynamic. These types of combination of team members will successfully
complete the project and achieve business goals & objectives. For example: Manager of the
company, develop team as per the required the requirement of project along with relevant skills
and ability.
Person culture: In this type of organizational culture individual see themselves superior
and unique in the organization. Because for the completion of operational activities business
required person in order to complete their task (Galaskiewicz, 2017). This culture is a full of
individual who done their duty in order to complete their work. For example: from
manufacturing to the delivery of product to the customer will be done by people. It can help the
Tesco to achieve their goals & objective through maximising productivity as well as profitability.
In context of Tesco plc, organization follow the people culture as well as task culture
because company involve huge people to complete their task. Manager provide similar training
and they have almost same expertise such as staff member have to handle customers who visited
in the stores along with distribution of product from warehouses to the stores also required
people to manage all the activities. Along with this, on special occasion Tesco have to develop
build team to manage business operations because that was the duration where company increase
their sales. These types of culture help the manager to maintain internal activities in order to
increase efficiency as well as effectiveness and it further helps in achieving business goals &
objectives.
Models of communication:
It is a conceptual model of communication which help the organization to understand
human communication process. It will represent the systematic way to share information in the
workplace which increase efficiency. There are various models which helps the organization to
3

improve internal communication such as Linear model, Transactional model and Interaction
model all the discussed below:
Linear Model: It is a one way communication model where message deliver to the
receive from sender side. In this model there is no concept regarding feedback because receiver
have only one task to receive message (Model of Communication, 2019). This model used for the
mass communication and it is also called concept of noise because one way communication does
not include the revert of information. This model can be used in the organization to pass the
information to the huge number of people in one time. Tesco's manager can follow this model in
order to communicate similar information to their staff members. For example: any command,
guidelines regarding task or instruction given by manager of top management to the lower
division is comes under the one way communication (Guerrier and Deery, 2018). This model
also have some merits and demerits which is discussed below:
Illustration 2: Linear Model of communication, 2019.
Merits: This model is good for audience persuasion and propaganda setting along with
intentional results.
Demerits: Communication not further continuous because there is no scope of feedback
as well as there is no way to identify the effectiveness of conversation.
Transactional Model: In this model both parties play their role effectively and equally
pay their contribution in the conversation. This type of communication generally used for social
reality, relational context, cultural upbringing etc. In this model non verbal feedback also
consider such as body language, gesture etc. This model is two way but receiver only able to
feedback not message to the sender. For example: Manager of Tesco can use this model for
interpersonal communication, they can interchange their role and feedback will be consider as
4

anew message. This model also has some positive as well as negative aspects which is discussed
below:
Illustration 3: Transactional Model, 2019.
Merits: It help the organization to get simultaneous and instant feedback which make the
communication more effective and that is beneficial for the business. Along with this, there is no
discrimination between sender or receiver.
Demerits: This model encourage the non verbal communication which indicate the non
professional behaviour and it will generate more noise due to communicate at the same time.
Interactional Model: It is both way communication model which is kind of similar to the
transactional model but this interactive model used to communicate with other by using new
media such as internet. By using this model, individual can communicate through mass
communication like videos, news, chatting etc. With the help of this model individual can
exchange their ideas and views. Manager of Tesco plc can adopt this model of communication
which help the organization to increase their efficiency of work and it will be possible through
interactive communication (Kreitner, Kinicki and Buelens, 2012). Where employees and
manager of the company can free share their ideas and opinion along with this, customer also
give their suggestion and feedbacks. This communication model also have some pros and cons
which are discussed below:
5

Illustration 4: Interactional Model, 2019.
Merits: With the help of this model organization get the feedback in mass
communication and it provide the new communication channel which reduce the time as well as
efforts of the organization.
Demerits: To resolve each feedback it will take long time along with this, sender or
receiver not know each other.
From the above discussed model of communication help the organization to enhance flow
of sharing information which increase efficiency as well as effectiveness. Manager of Tesco plc
follow interactional model in order to increase interaction between the staff members. It will
build effective employee relation which is beneficial to identify any problem that will solved
through various alternatives.
Theories of motivation:
Motivational theory helps the individual as well as organization where they provide some
driven factors which forces the individual to towards their goals or objectives. These theories
help the organization to increase their employees performance as well as efficiency (Martin,
2015). There are various motivational theories available such as Maslow's need hierarchy,
Herzberg's motivation, McCallend's need, Expectancy theory etc. Maslow's need hierarchy
6

theory will be discussed below in context of the organization which is effective way to
encourage their staff members.
Maslow's need hierarchy: This motivational theory based on the individual needs which
required to satisfy in order to increase their efficiency (Maslow's need hierarchy theory of
motivation, 2019). It will be classifies into five needs which is discussed below:
Illustration 5: Maslow's need hierarchy, 2019.
 Physiological need: it is the lower need of this theory which include the basis needs
which required to satisfy their biological needs. It include the water, air, food, shelter etc.
these things influence the individual in order to complete their task and get the enough
salary to buy food and complete their needs (Sinha, 2012). So manager of Tesco need to
ensure that they offer enough salary so employees satisfy their basis needs and get
motivated to perform well. In order to fulfil their basic needs, employee feel motivated
and complete their task.
 Safety need: After satisfied with their basic need organization need to ensure that satisfy
their second need that is safety regarding their job, from society, economic security and
7

protection from physical damage. To fulfil these needs individual required more money
so it will encourage them to work more to satisfy their second need. Safety of job
motivate employees to concentrate on their work and satisfy their needs.
 Social need: Individual required social need where they wanted to interact with others to
satisfy their needs and it include the belongingness, friendship and any kind of attraction
to a person (Robbins, 2018). So in context of organization, manager have to ensure to
provide friendly environment in the workplace because it helps in increasing employee
efficiency. Because individual required friends in the work place to spend their time
otherwise they are not able to survive for long run. Social needs motivate employees to
reduce their absenteeism.
 Self esteem need: It is also refer to the need of self respect which include confidence,
competencies, achievement, knowledge etc. fulfilment of this need will lead the
confidence in the employees in order to perform organizational task in effective manner.
If any person want respect from their subordinate then they perform well and achieve
business goals & objectives in order to satisfy their self esteem need. It will motivate the
individual to control their activities and get the respect, reputation or independence.
 Self actualization need: It is final stage of human need which is refer to the self
fulfilment where individual satisfy their all the needs then it will make them self
actualized. According to this theory, individual have to satisfy their needs from lower to
upper level in sequence. Otherwise it is not possible to satisfy any employee. In order to
get something will motive individual to push their potential and make them able to
achieve their further needs.
Above mention motivational theory help the manager of Tesco to increase their
employees efficiency through satisfying their needs in sequence (Saks and Gruman, 2011). As
per this theory, individual not able to shift on next second need if they do not satisfy the previous
one. It will increase efficiency as well as effectiveness which further helps in achieving business
goal & objective.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it has been concluded that behaviour of an individual is very
important to analyse its activities or way of performing task. By using various models and
theories manager able to enhance their employees performance along with its productivity.
8

Organizational culture helps in analysing their employees behaviour and way of performing.
Along with this, communication model help the company to maintain regular flow of sharing
information in effective manner. Along with this motivation theory help the manager to follow
various practices in order to encourage their employees which enhance their performance. These
theories and models help the organization to achieve their business goals & objectives.
Describing and explain a range of models and theories appropriate to organization culture,
communication and motivation
(Covered in PPT)
2. Analyse the findings for a company to linked with various practices in action to the model and
theories
(Covered in PPT)
9

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Ellis, S. and Dick, P., 2013. Introduction to organizational behaviour. McGraw-Hill.
Fischer, R. and et.al., 2015. Organizational behaviour across cultures: Theoretical and
methodological issues for developing multi-level frameworks involving
culture. International Journal of Cross Cultural Management. 5(1). pp.27-48.
Galaskiewicz, J., 2017. Has a Network Theory of Organizational Behaviour Lived Up to its
Promises?[1]. Management and Organization Review. 3(1). pp.1-18.
Guerrier, Y. and Deery, M., 2018. Research in hospitality human resource management and
organizational behaviour. International Journal of Hospitality Management. 17(2).
pp.145-160.
Kreitner, R., Kinicki, A. and Buelens, M., 2012. Organizational behaviour. London, UK:
McGraw Hill.
Martin, J., 2015. Organizational behaviour and management. Cengage learning EMEA.
Robbins, S.P., 2018. Organizational behavior: Concepts, controversies, applications.
Saks, A. M. and Gruman, J. A., 2011. Organizational socialization and positive organizational
behaviour: Implications for theory, research, and practice. Canadian Journal of
Administrative Sciences/Revue Canadienne des Sciences de l'Administration. 28(1).
pp.14-26.
Sinha, J. B., 2012. Culture and organizational behaviour. SAGE Publications India.
Smallman, C., 2016. Risk and organizational behaviour: a research model. Disaster Prevention
and Management: An International Journal. 5(2). pp.12-26.
Online
Handy's organization culture theory. 2018. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.tutor2u.net/business/reference/models-of-organisational-culture-handy>
Maslow's need hierarchy theory of motivation. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.danmartell.com/hierarchy-of-entrepreneurial-needs/>
Model of Communication. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.businesstopia.net/communication>
Tesco Plc. 2019. [Online]. Available Through:
<https://www.tescoplc.com/>
10