Organizational Behaviour: Analysing Culture, Power, Motivation & Teams

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This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour, focusing on how culture, politics, and power influence individual and team performance within an organization, using PwC as a case study. It evaluates content and process theories of motivation, exploring how motivational techniques can effectively achieve organizational goals. The report also distinguishes between effective and ineffective teams, highlighting the key factors that contribute to team success. Furthermore, it applies organizational behaviour concepts and philosophies to a given business situation, assessing how these principles inform and influence behaviour to improve organizational performance and productivity. The analysis draws upon relevant theories and concepts to provide a holistic understanding of workplace dynamics. Desklib provides similar solved assignments and resources for students.
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Organizational
Behaviour
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance. ..................................................................................................1
M1 Critical analysis of culture, power and politics which influences individual and team...3
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques
enable effective achievement of goals in an organisational context......................................3
M2 Evaluation of influenced behaviour of others by others through effective motivational
theory......................................................................................................................................4
D1 Evaluation of relationship among culture, politics, power and motivation that enables team
................................................................................................................................................5
Task 3...............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.......................5
M3 Relevant team and group development theory to support corporation development .....7
Task 4 ..............................................................................................................................................8
P5 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational
context and given business situation......................................................................................8
M4. Evaluation of how philosophies and concepts inform and influence behaviour in present
situation..................................................................................................................................9
D2. Critical analysis along with evaluation with relevance to team development theories and
concepts that influence workplace behaviour for improving organisational performance and
productivity...........................................................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES .............................................................................................................................12
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INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour can be defined as study of human behaviour and knowledge
which helps to increase the business activities effectively. Organisation is made by collection of
people where they works collectively and give contribution to enhance the productivity. People
who are working at workplace needs motivation and inspiration which helps to improve the
effectiveness. If there is good behaviour of people then only organisation get success by solving
all problems. In other words, this states about people how they act within company in order to
attain business goals. To understand in good way about organisation behaviour PwC corporation
has been selected that is PricewaterhouseCoopers is an international professional services brand
of firms, operating as partnerships under the PwC brand. It is the second-largest professional
services network in the world and is considered one of the Big Four accounting firms, along with
Deloitte, EY and KPMG (Abdallah and Abdallah, 2020). This report consider culture, politics,
power which influences behaviour of others, motivational technique which can motivate
individual and team in order to achieve goal, understanding about cooperating with others and
concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour which helps to solve the situations.
Task 1
P1 Analyse how an organisation’s culture, politics and power influence individual and team
behaviour and performance.
Organisation culture
When a business tries to encourages a culture of transparency and shows clear vision
what the business is tying to express and it promotes day to day reviews and also provides the
right identification of the employees and can easily signifies the expectation from the employees.
An organisational culture gives permission to the workers to be work with full enthusiasm and
honesty and increased their efficiency with cooperation with the teams. Well defined
organisational culture and employees contribution can make them feel that they are being valued
and praised within the enterprise, which impacts their performance in a positive manner (Alwi,
2022). The organisational culture can enhance employees with a calm and well-mannered
working environment, and balancing of personal relationships in accordance to provide full use
of their capabilities. The culture gives permission to workers to have a sense of mission and
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understand their responsibility and work towards the whole objective of the entity. The power
competitiveness in an organisation is not only analysed by the use of technology but also by its
culture. A positive organisational culture promotes healthy growth of the business. It also
enhances the performance of the employees and makes them work with more energy and
enthusiasm. Moreover, it also promotes efficiency in production. New ideas and risk taking
enhances the innovation of employees and also promotes their productivity. Management of
entity has the aim on final results or the procedures which are being used in attaining the goals.
Organisational politics
Politics of an organisation plays a crucial role as it concludes the usage of power and
social networking in a particular workplace area to achieve modifications that can benefit the
business or employees working in it (Anning-Dorson, 2018). Organisation politics is self serving
in nature that works to use to upsurge the possibility of attaining positive results in entities.
Politics of an organisation has an adverse bad effect on its employees as well as the entity's
goodwill and performance. It has different effect on the employees and the point of view of the
employees in job satisfaction and their commitment towards the organisation, well being and
productivity is impacted. It comprises a wide range of actions which is linked with the
empowering of authority strategies in developing personal or organisational goals. Every
business has some politics. Fighting it or attempting to beat is of no use. Politics has a number of
negative impacts, but it is not only a path for self-serving interests. It decreases performance of
employees, which effects productivity of an organisation. Employees who got involved in office
politics pay very little attention to their job. Leg pulling and backbiting are much attractive to
them. They spent the most of their time in criticizing their co-workers. As a result, workers fail
to obtain objectives within the time boundary set by organization due to workplace politics. In
such an enterprise, work is delayed. At last, it impacts organisational performance.
Organisational power
Power is important for workers for the reason that it aids the workers to remain involved
and focused on their job, which in the end has outcome in the productivity and competence with
the entity, which is the company's main objective. Moreover, it lifts up their confidence and self-
respect, empowering them confidence that their time and efforts can be praised. As a result,
politics is observed as a important component for any entity, irrespective of size, as it identifies
entity's performance, which results in success and progress (Escobar-Sierra and Calderón-
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Valencia, 2021). Organizational power is a method that is dependent on the way it is applied, it
can have beneficial or terrible outcomes in a company. It has been analysed that positively
utilizing power will enhance workers performance. Employees may rapidly get separated if
power is exploited disorderly. Individuals containing authority have power just because of their
status. On the other hand, managers do not contain the sole rights of this power. It may be
utilised by those individuals who are skilled and have knowledge and contains information which
is valued by others. Employees or groups of individuals who are effected by other can exert the
power as well. The other highly effective type of power is public influence.
M1 Critical analysis of culture, power and politics which influences individual and team
In business environment there are various types of culture, politics and power which the
top management is having in accordance with the right decision making in the business. For
example, PwC is accepting a role culture in which managers have to play a role of the employee
within a given work between employees and work according to the activities of an employee.
This activity enhances an individual capability and team such as people get more skilled and
experienced and team member are able to work in changing environment and work effectively.
Under reward and expert power individual and team works collectively which helps to attain the
business goals and objectives (Franceško and Mirković, 2021).
Task 2
P2 Evaluate how content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable
effective achievement of goals in an organisational context.
Motivation can be termed as the procedure of imitating the workers in an entity in order
to attain the goals of an organisation. In terms of an entity, it can be referred as the process of
impacting the overall performance of the employees by providing them motivation in context of
up surging their needs and wants to achieve the task assign to them. It assists in the successful
completion of business procedures with better efficiency. The theories of motivation are divide
into two groups namely content theories and process theories.
Content Theories
The main focus of these theories lies in the factors that are present in an individual who
has the capability to energize, direct, sustain or stop behaviour. These theories focus on the
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individual needs of the workers and determining these needs emphasis on the areas that needs
motivation. Content theories contains following theories such as Abraham Maslow, Federick
Herzberg, Clayton P. Alderfer and David C. McClelland. These theories believes in satisfying
the needs of the employees and it needs a procedure of recognising the needs (Globocnik, Rauter,
and Baumgartner, 2020). In PwC meaningful appraisal are also helpful in fulfilling the
requirements of the employees and it is also essential to determine that the requirements of an
individual do not repeat in a repetitive way and adequate rewards are being offered to optimize
the performance of the employees.
Process theories
It mainly focuses on providing descriptions and an examination of the procedure that can
be followed in order to energize, sustained, directed and stopped. The main process theories are
as follows:
Reinforcement and goal setting theories
Process theories describes the way employee behaviour is energized. The theory is based on the
assumption that the behaviour is effected by its outcomes. In this theory the results are termed as
operants.
Expectancy and equity theories
These models focuses on the anticipation of the performance and the result. It focuses on the
individual behaviour and according to this theory ans individual determines whether a job can be
achieved or not, whether the result can be treated as the result of performing and in addition to
that whether the result is desirable or not.
These theories also involves behavioural model and organisational behaviour modification
research focuses over the scientific approach of the behavioural model (Gupta and Sengar, 2020).
M2 Evaluation of influenced behaviour of others by others through effective motivational theory.
Both content theories as well as process theories can provide the procedure of employee
loyalty and the employees can be motivated in such a way that their efficiency is increased.
Individual productivity results in benefits to entity as well. This has enabled the opportunity to
develop confidence, trust and the communication among the employees. Both of the theories can
assist in motivating according to their requirements. There are various employees who have been
harassed and bullied and hence it is essential to provide health and working safety to the workers
in order to meet their requirements. Security of health and safety can be motivating for the
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employees and they can act as per the roles delegated to them. In order to upgrade the efficiency
of various teams in the entity, the management requires to motivate the employees to work
effectively in a team. It is being observed that teamwork is lacking in the organisation.
Motivational theory such as process and content are used by management which
motivates people and increase the organisational productivity. For instance, management of Ford
organisation uses Maslow's theory of motivation which motivates employees as their needs get
completed in effective time period (Mahudin, and Mustafa, 2021). This theory covers basic
needs of employees who are working at work place and get them change to improve the
production level. Where as Herzberg theory is also a motivational theory which motivate people
by providing hygiene and motivational factor that motivate people and increase the business
profits.
D1 Evaluation of relationship among culture, politics, power and motivation that enables team
From the discussion it has evaluated that organisation is having relationship with culture,
politics and power which make team able to get success in their work and attain the business
objectives. If there is effective culture in organisation then individual and team can perform well
which helps to complete the goal (Fagbohungbe, Akinbode and Ayodeji, 2012). In context to
Ford company, management are having power who monitor and evaluate the employees
performance and give rewards which improves production and profit level more.
Task 3
P3 Explain what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team.
Team – The group of people which is created to initiate and fulfil the common task is
consider as a team. If an organisation is having effective team members only then it can perform
well and it also aids to obtaining the business goals effectively. Companies having two types of
team effective and ineffective. A team which is made of more than two people in order to work
together and obtain a specific target is defined as effective team. Where as ineffective team do
not participates in organisational activities and not helps to achieve the targets. PwC company is
having efficient team who understands the neds of the company and tries their best efforts to
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achieve the goals business (Mayer, and May, 2018).The comparison between effective and
ineffective team is defined as:
Basis Effective Ineffective
Meaning Collection of people works
together in order to achieve
objectives of business and
upsurging of profitability.
All members of team works
individually and do not get indulge
in business activities that declines
productivity level of the company.
Problem solving skills In PwC, team members
sometimes faces problem in
regarding the solving skills,
enthusiastic team workers,
tries to implement and have
coordinating skills with them.
There are sometimes problem of
communication, coordination, team
work and problem solving skills that
can decline the profitability.
Decision Maker In this, mostly decision
reached by form of consensus
which clear that everybody is
in general agreement.
The member of ineffective team take
actions prematurely before real
issues are resolved.
The management of PwC is using methods which are used to understand the role of their team
that are defined below:
Action oriented roles:
Shaper: The team members has to play the role of shaper by accepting challenges that
helps to enhance their performance. In PwC, the managers and team members involves in the
challenges which are given by their organisation and they have to complete the task.
Implementer: The team of PwC company applies the management plan with the help of
managers who helps to work in accordance with the team members (Mharapara and et.al., 2022).
People Oriented Roles:
Coordinator: In context to PwC, team are playing a role of coordinator in which people
understand the goals and coordinate with all that helps to attain the business goals.
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Team worker: This can be consider as supportive member of team who are mild,
concerned about others and sociable able to adopt the different situations and people in
organisation in order to accomplish business goals. PwC has effective team in which
members are diplomatic and perceptive, can handle situation and give good results.
Specialist: In PwC the team leaders and managers allocates the work among employees
as per their experience in a particular field that helps to achieve the objectives of business
.
Cerebral oriented roles
Plant – This type of team member are consider as innovators and inventors who
innovates new ideas to work effectively and implementing changes. Such as team of PwC are
operating business by bringing creative ideas in auto mobile sector which helps to deal with
changes efficiently.
Monitor evaluator – This type of team member are consider as serious minded and
evaluator who evaluate the performance and get the success in their work. In context to PwC
organisation, management evaluate the performance of their team and make judgement
accordingly (Murswieck, 2021).
M3 Relevant team and group development theory to support corporation development
In business organisation team and group development is important which helps to
maintain the good position of business and achieve goals. The management of Ford organisation
are adopting Tuckman team development theory that are as defined:
Forming – Herein, team of PwC organisation meets and learns about opportunities and
challenges which helps to tackle the task which are assigned by management in order to attain
the business goals.
Storming – Herein, team member of PwC organisation starts to push against boundaries
which happened in forming. There are chances of conflicts between team members and
executives which need to solve.
Norming – Herein, team member of PwC company starts to solve the conflicts which has
arisen in above stage. Leader and management of organisation supports people so problem can
be solve in organisation.
Performing – This mean, team reaches at performing stage by hard work and delegation
of work which helps in achievement of team goals.
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Adjourning – The ending stage states that team of PwC organisation are exist for only
certain period of time who aim to accomplish the business objectives. Moreover, it develop the
close relationship with their colleagues where all works collectively (Ogunkuade, 2018).
Task 4
P5 Apply concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour within an organizational context
and given business situation.
Organisational behaviour is the of optimism, worth of the business, rules and regulations
and framework of the company that is used to uplift the level of productivity and profitability in
a effective manner. The managers of every business or organisation has to understand the feature
and of employees so, situation can be handle easily. Managers are the persons who understand
the needs of an organisation and issues of employees and after that giving their opinions in order
to solve issues. It aids in smooth flow of operations and achievement of goals.
Conflicts in organisation
PwC is big size company that is operating business with the helps of a large group
employees. PwC is facing conflicts as interest of individual's goals are different from
organisational goals that creates misunderstanding and problems in entity. Because of this reason
employees do not work with their full potential and the performance of company is declining
continuously. To improvise this scenario the management are using Path goal theory that helps to
control the issues and maintain the productivity of the organisation by motivating the employees.
Classification of path goal theory
This model is classified in to three main elements that are as defined in context to PwC
organisation:
Employee characteristics - This step is used to analysis the capabilities of employees. In
accordance with to PwC, managers are trying to accept the challenges, experience, try to control
the activities, motivation and good communicator that helps to influence employees. Leader of
such company understand the causes of conflict as goals of employees are different from goals
of organisation and make understand all the rules and regulations to employees. In order to
control these conflicts, leader communicate with employees and assist them proper guidance that
can to remove problems (Omer and Roberts,2022).
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Task and environment characteristics – This step is used to analysis the working
environment of business organisation by leaders that can help to solve the problems. In this,
leaders of PwC company create a healthy and positive environment which suits to employees and
enhance employees to work properly. Moreover, managers of the company have clear goals and
provide support that can help to complete their own goals effectively (Rebelo and et.al., 2018).
Leadership behaviour – For completion of projects and running a business by
normalizing the culture and atmosphere in a different style of leadership which are used by
managers that assist in make right decisions. There are various styles of leadership such as
participative, achievement, supportive and directive which are used by PwC as per in different
scenarios. The managers of PwC organisation are using achievement leadership style that helps
the employees and organisation to achieve their personal and organisational goals in efficient
manner. Furthermore, this leadership style assist better interaction among employees and other
people in order to make the work easy and solving the situation easily.
Philosophies of OB
Philosophies concerned to organisational behaviour contains contingency philosophy and
autocratic philosophy. In relation to autocratic philosophy, all the plans and programmes are
mainly devised by single person that are to be correspond by manpower at work. While on the
other hand, in contingency philosophy, manpower is engaged in designing futuristic plans and
programmes so that all the necessary operations are attained on time and with full efficiency. In
present time, for overcoming from conditions related with negativity within employees and many
more, leaders of PwC should adopt contingency philosophy so to create feeling among
manpower that they are part of enterprise which will eradicate negativity among them and their
motivation level will also increase with this (Robbins and et.al., 2018).
M4. Evaluation of how philosophies and concepts inform and influence behaviour in present
situation
In terms with concept of organisational behaviour, it consists of Path Goal Theory that
includes elements or attributes like features of employee, characteristic of task and environment
along with behaviour of leader. The present condition of PwC involves negativity inside
employees and ineffective communication, that can be overcome through choosing adequate
style of leadership that is supportive and participative. The merits of the theory are that it is
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appropriate for conditions and is easily understandable. But, demerits is that it creates flawless
within leaders due to which application leads to failures (Tsai, 2018).
In relevance to philosophies of Organisational behaviour, it includes contingency addition
to autocratic philosophy. From both, PwC leaders must start operations with contingency
philosophy that will advantage in generating positivity and motivation within manpower through
including them in decision making. While on the other side of the coin, the philosophy takes
huge time to reach on some conclusions.
D2. Critical analysis along with evaluation with relevance to team development theories and
concepts that influence workplace behaviour for improving organisational performance and
productivity.
According to the examination, Tuckman theory for developing team usually consists of 5
stages in which members are designated obligations on the basis of competence, potentiality,
knowledge and pertaining conditions. With application of the team development theory at PwC,
it will aid leaders to involve with personnel and determine their problems so that they can build
effective teams that impacts behaviour in positive manner for improvising productivity as well as
performance (Zheng, 2018). In terms of Path Goal Theory, with appropriate leadership style,
leaders of PwC will be able to foster favourable environment to employees that will upgrade
performances of personnel and productivity of firm. On the contrary, the concept generates
employees more dependent on leaders due to which affectivity and performances are constraint
to great extent.
CONCLUSION
From the above presentation it can be determined that team is having two types first
effective and second one is ineffective. Effective team are useful for organisation as it determine
goals and give their contribution to achieve the goals. The member of ineffective team do not
work effectively and cannot perform functions in an effective manner. Moreover, path goal
theory is used by leaders and management to solve the situations. Therefore, combined efforts of
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