Organizational Behaviour and Performance: Tesco Report

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behaviour within Tesco, a multinational grocery retail company. It explores how organizational culture, politics, and power dynamics influence individual and team behaviour and performance. The report examines Tesco's organizational cul...Read More

Organizational Behaviour

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Organization's culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance.................................................................................................................................1
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................3
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organization.....................................................................................3
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Understanding of what makes and effective team as opposed to an ineffective team...........5
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................6
P4 Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational context....6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
Organization is a place where number of employees work together whom are totally
belong from different culture. So that is is one of the important responsibility of a business
manager to effective understand employees skills and knowledge for allocating them work
properly. Basically organizational behaviour is an effective study of human behaviour in which
al the people interact with each other and share its views and opinion in order to attain positive
results (Agarwal and et. al., 2012). If company have effective organizational behaviour than it
positively impact on overall performance of the company and team working also. Present report
is based on Tesco, which is a British multinational grocery retain company. It was founded by
Jack Cohen in 1919. It offer their grocery products in market and grow rapidly. This project
discussed about organizational culture, power and politics which impact on employee behaviour
and its performance at workplace. Furthermore, content and process theories of motivation is
also mentioned. Along with this, effective team is also mentioned which helps in establishing
company goals and targets which aid in attaining overall results in appropriate manner.
TASK 1
P1 Organization's culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour and
performance
Every organization have their culture in which norms, beliefs and assumption are
involves which helps in determining employee behaviour. With the help of this employees
effectively follow up all the norms of the company such as act, dress up and so on. All these aid
in building positive image of the company in most effective manner. In Tesco context, there are
four type of organizational culture that directly contribute in accomplishing its target in
significant manner. All are as follows: Power culture: This concept define the whole organizational power in which all the
decision can be swift easily among one person to another. In this rules and regulation are
not impose in single person. Basically it concentrate on all the person to maintain better
relationship and also formulate ethical environment in most effective manner (Ashkanasy
and Humphrey, 2011). Role culture: Under this concept, all the employees highly delegated on authority
because all the structure are well formulated. By this workers are effectively design their
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working and complete it effectively. In this all the employees have their own role in their
position which leads in attaining better target in most effective manner. Task culture: This concept defines task culture in which authority of the business
prepared an effective team to perform various task in appropriate way. In this all the
authority is totally responsible for dealing with risk factors in systematic manner (Bakker
and Daniels, 2012). It shows the organizational matrix which individuals define their own
objectives which effectively formulate within the business for attaining positive results in
significant manner.
 Person culture: It is one of the important concept in which people believes them superior
of the business. In this manager of the company focus in the employees performance and
also provide them better services to enhance their productivity by effectively satisfying
them. With the help of this employees enhance their performance level in appropriate
manner.
Tesco culture define their strength because it include creative and innovative employee
who all are effectively done their task for attaining best results. In this company follow all the
task culture in which teams are accepting all the challenges to enhance their productivity level.
So that employees perform their task and accomplish their objectives in more effective manner.
Organizational politics define human behaviour in interaction which include authority
which aid in evaluating the operational capacity to maintain better balance among all the
employees interest. By this teams effectively perform their task and also accept all the changes in
appropriate way. This process helps modification process which is beneficial for the business
organization. In Tesco context, various changes are as follows: Personal change: It define the changes which is related with the person attitude towards
the task which directly influence the business activities in more effective manner. If in
case, any modification are include at the workplace which directly impact ion the person
mind and also influence their productivity as well. Organizational change: Under this, modification are related with the policies of the
company which affect the organizational stricture. By this manager of the company
effectively implement all the changes in significant manner (Dickens, 2012).
 Decision change: In this decision also changes as per the nature in which business
authority thinks to take any kind of decision in order to make effective action. With the
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help of this manager the company make appropriate process to improve the overall
performance of the company.
In context of Tesco, Business have to formulate the fair treatment in which discrimination
rapidly take place within the organization and employees also. Due to this, employees have to
paid for getting better facilities which directly impact on the overall performance of the company
(Fisher and To, 2012). For this, top authority take effective steps to eliminating all the issues and
problems for maintaining better environment which leads in enhancing organizational growth in
appropriate manner.
Organizational power define employees capability and ability in which they perform their
activities to attain positive results. It is one of the important concept for Tesco to evaluate the
person power so that they effectively done their task. Power influence the team and individuals
performance at the workplace. It also helps in accomplishing the target of the business
effectively. Along with this all the power used by management authority. In Tesco context, there
are some kind of power are mentioned which are as follows: Legitimate power: Under this, it is attain by the employees as per their final position
because it is important take effective position within the organization. Basically it is
related with individuals who are largely responsible for the job position. It directly impact
on the employee performance activities in both positive and negative manner.
 Expert power: It is an appropriate power which is related to the employees perception. It
define skills and knowledge of an individuals which helps in accepting all the challenges
and in most effective manner. Expert power create upside and down at workplace
because of business do not set their formal leader who effectively lead the employees.
TASK 2
P2 Content and process theories of motivation and motivational techniques enable effective
achievement of goals in an organization
Providing better motivation is one of the important activity for an organization to
enhance their productivity level. Motivated employees positively contribute in overall
performance of the company. For this manager of Tesco use various motivational theories which
helps in improve the performance of the workers (MacKenzie and et. al., 2011). With the help of
this company easily accomplish their target in systematic manner. In this context manager use
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process and content theory which leads in achieving organizational target in most effective
manner. Which are as follows:
Content theory: These type of hypothesis focus on individuals needs at the workplace which is
related with reward system, job satisfaction and so on. If employees are not receiving all these
needs than they fails in performing their activities in effective manner (Salin and Hoel, 2011). In
Tesco context there are various content theory which is used by manager to enhance employees
performance. These are as follows: Herzberg's two factors theory of motivation: Under this two factors are involved
which directly affect the satisfaction and motivation of the workers at workplace. Both
factors are as follows:
◦ Hygiene factors: This is more important for the employees because it helps in
enhancing the satisfaction level of the person at workplace. Without this employees
get dissatisfied and demotivated. It include salary, company policy, string relationship
with manager that positively affect the employees performance at workplace.
◦ Motivator factors: It is also more significant for the employees which leads in
enhancing the motivation level and also enhance their satisfaction level. This type of
factors related with the employees work performance such as career progression.
 Maslow's need hierarchy theory: It is one of the important concept which include five
categories of needs are as follows:
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(Source: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory, 2016)
◦ Physiological needs: It is one of the important and primary needs which include all
the needs that helps in surviving the its life in effective manner. This include food,
clothes, shelter, water and all the basic factors.
◦ Security and safety needs: At this phase of motivation, individuals get motivated
with their job security which covers financial, health and safety needs. These type of
needs are become primary for the employees to enhance their productivity level.
◦ Social needs: This types of needs define love, friendship, family and community
groups. All are play important role in individual life to developing overall
performance of the person. With the help of this, individual easily maintain strong
relationship with other person effectively.
◦ Esteem needs: It is also important need for the employees because it is significant to
gain respect and appreciation as per their skills and abilities (Salvato and Rerup,
2011). This needs comes after satisfying all the three needs which directly contribute
in enhancing the performance level of individuals at workplace and its personal life
also.
◦ Self actualisation needs: This is last phase of motivation of the person in which
employees get self-fulfilment and also attain their personal growth.
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Illustration 1: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory

Process theory: It is an also effective hypothesis which helps in analysing the human behaviour
that how business change an develop (The Process Theories of Motivation, 2016). This theory is
focus on the workers needs and behaviour at workplace. In Tesco context, there are appropriate
concept of process theory which are as follows:
 Behavioural psychology: this theory is related with the the person mind in which its
emotions, actions and response are defined on the basis of particular situation and
condition. In Tesco organization number of employees work together for a common
purpose and all are having various skills and personality. All these work as per their
capabilities so that it is important responsibility of manager to effectively understand
their behaviour and allocate task accordingly.
TASK 3
P3 Understanding of what makes and effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
To successfully reaching at set targets of an organisation, it is necessary to have great
teams. Every team has a leader who supports and coordinate with other team mates who have
different responsibilities with a lot of capabilities and they works as a team to achieve a common
goal. A person who is a leader may have different duties in an organisation where he/she sets a
path for other workers to complete the task with in timely manner. For TESCO it is really very
important to build up optimized teams which can perform the best of their ability so that
company's productivity gets increases. A reason to make good team is to achieve the set targets
also in complex situations as it gets easy and leader gives work to staff members according to
individuals task performing ability (Shin, 2012). There are different sorts of team which TESCO
makes at the time of hamper situations (Permanent team and Temporary team). Many type of
teams works according to tasks are stated below: Problem solving team: This type of team is mainly a part of temporary team and some
times it could be permanent as well. Leaders forms these teams to resolve the issues
which comes in front of them while working within TESCO. After that these teams try to
find the best solutions by doing researches and analysing for those complex situations
that came across with in a set time frame. A skill-full and experienced squad can resolve
any kind of problem where leader leads to achieve the set target in an efficient time
frame.
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 Virtual team: A team where members of it do not meet with each other in personal these
squads can be said as virtual teams (Walumbwa and et. al., 2011). TESCO is running its
business in most of the area of world sometimes situations comes across where leaders of
company in different countries has to form a team which can accomplish a common goal.
These team mates can stay connected through conference calls, voice calls, video calls,
internet and etcetera. Functional team: These teams usually made by managers of TESCO to finish a single
target. These leaders are the one who distributes work in squad according to their skills
and talents. Supervisor focuses on how they are working, train them while work and
motivates crew when it is needed for good results at the end. Teams appears to achieving
set goals for an organisation in efficient time frame with keeping in the mind to use
minimal resources as much as they can.
 Project team: Teams usually formed by leaders or managers to accomplish given projects
by company. Squad try to find better solutions and find the different ways to complete a
particular project. Projects knowledge is necessary for every individual of team to
accomplish it.
All type of teams that discussed above are the sources of TESCO where squads works in
different or innovative ways to complete targets and projects which helps company in
maximisation of profit.
TASK 4
P4 Concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour within an organizational context
In today's business environment, it is more important to use effective motivational
theories which helps in encouraging the workers morale towards the work and performance
(Solomon, Russell-Bennett and Previte, 2012). In Tesco context, they use path goal theory which
is related with the leader style and its behaviour in which they allocate work to their employees
as per their capabilities which leads in accomplishing the target in most effective manner. In this
employees easily enhance their productivity level which leads in attaining positive results in
significant way (Wilkinson and et. al., 2014). In Tesco, all the employees are more dedicated
towards their work which helps in completing all the target in systematic way. In this HR
manager of the Tesco provide better incentives and rewards to enhance their motivational level.
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For this they also organize training session which increase better working performance of the
employees at the workplace. Motivation is core activity for the manager to enhance employees
commitment towards the work and company which helps in reducing chances of getting failure.
The main reason of using philosophies and concepts is to eliminating all disputes and obstacles
in significant manner. There are some barriers which negatively affect the overall performance of
the company. Which are as follows: Harassment and bullying: This is one of a factor which usually every single worker in
an organisation faces sometimes. TESCO's employees also came across to the situations
where they got harassed which directly put an impact on productivity percentage of the
company. Employees can harass other members in different ways physically, mentally
and etcetera. UK's government made different laws and regulations where if an individual
harass other staff member and gets caught then he/she will be fined or may be addressed
to imprisonment as well under different acts of law. Negative work environment: A positive and healthy environment is necessary for every
individual in working hours. Managers needs to find the negative points in the
organisation in all the sectors and remove them as soon as possible because it may affect
the productivity of an employee (Wang and et. al., 2011). TESCO's staff members can
increase its productivity by giving favourable conditions to subordinates at the time of
working,
 Discrimination: This happens when supervisors treats staff members differently
according to their colour, age and etc. It can put a huge impact on production of an
individual. Over here as well Govt. of UK set different type of rules which equalises
differences between employees of TESCO.
All these factors are negatively affect on the employee performance. So that manager
used effective concepts and philosophies to maintain employee behaviour at the workplace
which directly contribute in overall success of the company.
CONCLUSION
From the above mentioned report, it can be concluded that organizational culture, power
and politics is more important for the business organization to enhance their productivity. So that
it is significant responsibility of the manager to understand effectively in order to enhance their
overall productivity level. It also summarized that effective organizational behaviour are directly
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helps in accomplishing business goals and target in systematic manner. Along with this company
also used various motivational theories to motivate their employees and also satisfied their needs
at workplace so that they effectively attain their goals and objectives. In this management is also
considered various concept and philosophies within their company to attain organizational target
in systematic manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Ashkanasy, N. M. and Humphrey, R. H., 2011. Current emotion research in organizational
behavior. Emotion Review. 3(2). pp.214-224.
Bakker, A. B. and Daniels, K. eds., 2012. A day in the life of a happy worker. Psychology Press.
Bolino, M. C. and et. al., 2013. Exploring the dark side of organizational citizenship behavior.
Journal of Organizational Behavior. 34(4). pp.542-559.
Dickens, L. ed., 2012. Making employment rights effective: issues of enforcement and
compliance. Bloomsbury Publishing.
Fisher, C. D. and To, M. L., 2012. Using experience sampling methodology in organizational
behavior. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 33(7). pp.865-877.
Knights, D. and Willmott, H. eds., 2016. Labour process theory. Springer.
MacKenzie, S. B. and et. al., 2011. Construct measurement and validation procedures in MIS
and behavioral research: Integrating new and existing techniques. MIS quarterly. 35(2).
pp.293-334.
Salin, D. and Hoel, H., 2011. Organisational causes of workplace bullying. Bullying and
harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice. 2.
pp.227-243.
Salvato, C. and Rerup, C., 2011. Beyond collective entities: Multilevel research on
organizational routines and capabilities. Journal of Management. 37(2). pp.468-490.
Shin, Y., 2012. CEO ethical leadership, ethical climate, climate strength, and collective
organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics. 108(3). pp.299-312.
Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. and Previte, J., 2012. Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher
Education AU.
Walumbwa, F. O. and et. al., 2011. Linking ethical leadership to employee performance: The
roles of leader–member exchange, self-efficacy, and organizational identification.
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 115(2). pp.204-213.
Wang, G. and et. al., 2011. Transformational leadership and performance across criteria and
levels: A meta-analytic review of 25 years of research. Group & Organization
Management. 36(2). pp.223-270.
Wilkinson, A. and et. al., 2014. Handbook of Research on Employee Voice: Elgar original
reference. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Online
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs Theory. 2016. [Online]. Available
through.<http://www.managementstudyguide.com/maslows-hierarchy-needs-
theory.htm>.
The Process Theories of Motivation. 2016. [Online]. Available
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