Leading and Managing Change: A Comparative Analysis of Tesco and M&S

This report delves into the intricacies of organizational change within the context of two major companies, Tesco and Mark & Spencer. It begins by discussing the internal and external drivers of change, such as resources, inventions, customers, and technology, and their impacts on organizational strategy. The report then provides overviews of both companies, followed by PEST and SWOT analyses to understand market trends, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. The analysis explores how change affects team behavior, leadership styles, and individual performance, and examines strategies to minimize the negative impacts of change. Additionally, the report applies a Force Field Analysis to measure support and opposition for change, discusses barriers to change, and evaluates the success of change implementation. Finally, the report explores the benefits and drawbacks of various leadership approaches in managing change, providing examples to illustrate key concepts.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1) Discuss drivers and impacts of change in the organizational strategy...................................1
2) Overview of the administration case studies..........................................................................3
3) PEST/ SWOT analysis is taken to investigate the drivers of change for Tesco and Mark and
Spencer........................................................................................................................................4
.....................................................................................................................................................6
4) Examine for each firm the impact of change and how it affected the organization's strategy
and operations. ...........................................................................................................................7
5) Investigate how change affect team behaviour, leadership and individuals. .........................7
6) Examine how change impact can be minimised as well as adopts model to process change
efficiency.....................................................................................................................................8
TASK 2..........................................................................................................................................10
1) Introduction of the case study...............................................................................................10
2) Application of Force Field Analysis in order to measure support and opposition for change.
...................................................................................................................................................10
3) Discuss distinguished barriers to change and how they impact decision making process and
leadership..................................................................................................................................11
4) Explain how change accomplished and how much successful it was..................................12
5) Throw-light on benefits and drawbacks of distinguished leadership approaches to dealing
with change. Illustrate with examples. .....................................................................................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
Books and Journals...................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Every small and big organization think of growing and developing in the global
marketplace. For continuous growth and success business associates frame unique strategies in
order to gain competitive advantages against rivalry. Administration formulate strategies by
scanning the current market trends which directly leads to expansion of business in the cut throat
competitive world. Change in management is necessary to raise the workforce efficiency of the
employees as well as to sustain in competitive environment for longer time period. This report
is based on Tesco which is successfully serving it's products across the globe. In the year 1919
Jack Cohen who is the founder of the organization came up with company in the UK market. It's
headquarter is in Welwyn Garden City, United Kingdom and provides subsidiaries such as,
Tesco bank, Tesco Ireland, Tesco mobile and so on (Al-Haddad and Kotnour, 2015). This
assignment covers drivers which are directly or indirectly impacting the organizational tactics.
As well as SWOT and PESTEL is carried out to better understand the current market conditions
and what are firm's strengths and weaknesses. It throw-light on how change affect team
behaviour, leadership and individuals. As well as various model like, force field analysis Lewin's
change management model etc. are studied.
TASK 1
1) Discuss drivers and impacts of change in the organizational strategy.
The drivers to change are categorised in two parts which are internal (resources,
capabilities etc.) and external (technology, investors etc.) and how they impact organizational
strategy are understood as follows:
Internal drivers: Those drivers which present in the organization and affect the working
of the business at a large scale. Internal drivers can affect the firm in both positive and negative
aspects it depends on the circumstances. Here, for Tesco and Mark Spencer the internal drivers
are explained as follows:
Resources: Resources are concerned with internal drivers in Tesco. To meet the set
objectives in time the resources are utilized properly in the market place. Top level management
is accountable to take best decisions regarding the utilization of resources. This drivers impact
the organizational strategies positively. Whereas, for Mark Spencer internal drivers affect the
While designing or framing the a comprehensive change strategy the top level management of
Primark evaluate the current tactics effectiveness and implement changes or modifications

respectively (Alvesson and Sveningsson, 2015). The changes which will be beneficial to the
business associates will be incorporated in the coming years organizational strategy in negative
way as resources are limited in quantity. Firm come up with innovative idea so that less use of
resources can be done and more use of .
Inventions: New idea in the working premises affect the working scenario. It is a part of
internal drivers in Mark and Spencer which directly affect the decision making process. By
coming up with this best results are achieved in the competitive market place. Whereas, in case
of Tesco invention affect the organizational strategy in negative manner. The workers oppose
more in context of innovation.
Illustration 1: Drivers to change
Source: Drivers to Change, 2018
External drivers: It can be defined as external factors which are uncontrollable and
create huge impact on the business activities (Driver's to Change, 2018). Company frame

strategies to overcome this factors so that set objectives can be achieved. The external drivers are
discussed as follows:
Customers: To meet the emerging needs of the customers firm take effective decision.
Customers are external drivers which are not controllable by firm. Tesco frame tactics to
overcome this drivers in the cut throat competitive world (Bin Taher and Silva, 2015). While,
Mark and Spencer over come this drivers to change by coming up with creative idea and setting
tough standards for others.
Technology: By adopting modern tools in the market place external drives can be
overcomed. Tesco uses 3D technology so that set standards can be achieved and market value
can be raised accordingly. The decision making process carried out by top level management are
positively affected. Mark and Spencer uses tablets computers to monitor the drivers to change in
order to compete with rivalry.
2) Overview of the administration case studies
About Tesco
The case study is based on Tesco which is a large multinational administration and is
undergoing numerous changes in the cut throat competitive world. In this scenario I am training
to become a business analyst in multinational organization. Also it includes how changes affect
the administration activities. As well as various models are adopted in order to over this barriers.
Also, the impact of large scale change on organizational strategy and operations are studied.
Tesco is a public limited company founded by Jack Cohen in the year 1919. This particular
organization is serving it's services across the globe. There are around 6,800 outlet spread all
over the globe and the firm's headquarter is in Welwyn Garden City, UK.
About Mark and Spencer
The CEO of Mark and Spencer is STEVE Rowe and this administration is successfully
fulfilling the desire needs and demands of the customers. This British multinational retailer is
situated in Westminster, London (Burke, 2017) . Around 80,787 employees are working day and
night to gain competitive advantages in the market place. Mark Spencer is specialized in selling
good quality products at reasonable price. It deals in hone products, food products, clothing and
many more. This leading enterprise is listed in London Stock Exchange. In the neck to neck
competitive this particular firm is famous for world high quality fashion, stylish home-ware and

award wining food. The mission of Mark and Spencer is to aspirational quality accessible for
everyone by distinguished range of it's products.
3) PEST/ SWOT analysis is taken to investigate the drivers of change for Tesco and Mark and
Spencer
PEST (political, environmental, social and technological) analysis is conducted by Tesco
in order to better understand the market trend. This forces helps the administration to identity
drivers of change prevailing in the cut throat competitive world. By doing so business can be
expanded easily in the new market without any government interventions. The PEST analysis
carried out by Tesco is discussed as follows:
Political factors: In order to grow the business the political environment of the nation
should be stable. Political factor covers foreign trade policies, trade restrictions etc. Tesco
examine the political situations in order to capture huge market ratio. Inventions and resources
are the drives to change which are identified by firm in the open market place. Whereas, M&S
discover technology and customers as the drivers to change. And accordingly norms are framed
to over this factors (Byers, 2017).

Illustration 2: PESTEL analysis
Source: Vishwani, 2015
Environmental factors: In today's era those companies can grow and survive which
adopts tools which reduces environmental pollution. Some examples of environmental factors
are, climate, pollution, climate change etc. Tesco adopts modern tools and techniques through
non- renewable energy can be reduced (Wilkinson and Kemmis, 2015). Dissatisfaction and
capabilities are drivers to change which are discovered by firm. Whereas, M&S follow
environmental fact on priority level and adopts recycling process so that less wastage can be
carried out and more of resource utilization can be done (PESTEL analysis, 2015).

Social Factor: Beliefs, traditions etc. are are covered under social factor. Tesco before
designing the product or services deeply examine the current market trends and accordingly
adopts it. Customers and competitors are drivers to change which are figured out in the open
market place (Daft and Marcic, 2016). By full-filling the social forces more customers can be
raised for innovative goods and profit can be maximized. However, M&S design goods by
keeping in view the customs and traditions of the customers so that people's emotions are not
hurt. Also, leads to raise in goodwill and market value.
Technological Factor: The drivers to change in technological factor are, inventions and
resources. Tesco uses 3D modern technology in their working premises so that customers
demand can be achieved. Whereas, M&S adopts social intranet as it leads to adopts the changes
easily and motivates employees to work effectively and efficiently to meet the set objectives.
SWOT analysis for Tesco:
Strengths Weaknesses
 Product choice and variety
 Successfully running Tesco mobile
business.
 Captures huge market share.
 Bears huge penalties and charges for
not showing actual profit generated.
 Some of the organization were sold in
loss like, Girsffe restaurants and
Nobbies garden centre.
Opportunities Threats
 Tesco can expand business in overseas
market which is continuously growing.
 Opportunities to explore business
products on online platform
 The rapid decrease in value of pound
raise the Tesco goods.
 From Aldi and Lidl market share is
captured as they are low cost rivals
(Diaz-Rainey and Wilson, 2017).

Illustration 3: SWOT Analysis
Source: SWOT analysis , 2019
SWOT analysis of M&S:
Strengths Weaknesses
 Higher recognition of brand across the
globe (SWOT analysis, 2019).
 Large number of stores and outlets
across the globe.
 Non trendy store in the competitive
market place.
 More of manual working raises the cost
of products.
Opportunities Threats
 Expanding business in new segments is
a big opportunity.
 Gap, Tommy Hilfiger, Uniqlo, Zara etc.
are big threat to the firm as they are
there competitors.
4) Examine for each firm the impact of change and how it affected the organization's strategy
and operations.
Impact of change in Tesco:

Change has greatly impacted Tesco's organizational growth strategies. Fluctuation in
environment directly slows down the growth of the business as policies and norms are need to
framed accordingly to survive for longer time period. The business operations are get affected in
negative manner and production process decreases to a large extent (Doppelt, 2017).
Impact of Change in M&S:
The employees of M&S highly oppose the new change taking place in the external
environment. Slight modification bring huge change in the organizational strategy and
operations. The long term plan strategy gets affect the most as terms and conditions need to be
re-designed respectively. Which incur huge cost and timer. As well as the business operation's
are affected and workforce efficiency decreases.
5) Investigate how change affect team behaviour, leadership and individuals.
The changes which affect team behaviour , leadership and individuals are discussed as follows:
Team behaviour Leadership Individual
As and when changes takes
place in the market place
immediately firm's terms and
conditions are modified
accordingly. Very first team
adopt the changes and later on
encourage their sub ordinates
to quickly adopt to the
changes.
The Changes emerging in an
administration affect the role
of leaders as wells. According
to the dynamic change leaders
formulate approaches in order
to grow the business globally.
Individual should effectively
follow the set guidelines which
leaders frame as well as
positively adopt the changes
taking place in the firm.
Changes emerge due to the
internal and external forces
prevailing in the market which
are uncontrollable by leaders
(Drago-Severson and Blum-
DeStefano, 2018).
6) Examine how change impact can be minimised as well as adopts model to process change
efficiency.
Ways to minimise the change impact on Tesco are explained as follows:
1. Adopt a learning mindset: Tesco by motivating it's staff members can easily adopt to
change. Training the mind to except the change and benefits will provide positive

outcomes. By this step change can be adopted as well as workforce efficiency and growth
strategies are uplifted at a tremendous scale. This directly results in accomplishing set
objectives in the cut throat competitive world.
2. To be more flexible in nature: Training the employees to more flexible instead of rigid
will aid administration to easily garb the changes. It is the top level management duty to
assure the workers that the changes are beneficial and will raise the productivity and
profitability of the business. By doing so the long term plan strategy can be full-filled and
competitive advantages can be attained against rivalry.
Ways to minimise the change impact on Mark and Spencer:
1. Investigate the positive outcome of change: Mark and Spencer top level management
provide the positive side of the change so that it can become easily to implement in the
working premises. By this changes opposition number is reduced in the premises of the
company (Espedal, 2017).
2. Consult mentor before opposing the change: Workers need to talk once with the
seniors of the Mark and Spencer before resisting to adopt change. By this step
management will provide appropriate support to the staff members to easily adjust with
the change and quickly raise their workforce efficiency. This will reduce the opposition
number in the working premises and business will be able to survive for longer time
period in the competitive market place.
Lewin's change management model:
Kurt Lewin's Change model consists of three steps unfreezing, changing and unfreezing.
This Lewin's model is widely adopted by business associates and act as the basis for various
change models. This directly assist the firm in completing the task ineffective manner. Lewis
model is widely accepted by small and big organization so that best results can be achieved
Here, unfreezing, changing and unfreezing are discussed as follows:
Unfreezing: This is the first step of Lewin's Change Management Model in which the
need for change is highlighted in the administration. In an organization the manger or top level
management design strategies to meet the rising demand of the consumers. However, the enquiry
is done for the change and as per the requirements the rules and regulations ,plans etc. are
framed.
Changing: This is the very next step which is a part of Lewin's Change Management

Model. In this case, in realistic term the changes are enforced in the working premises of Tesco
(Fragouli and Ibidapo,2015). The changes are actually implemented in the working environment
so as to attain desired results and huge profits. In the Tesco working area by adopting new
changes staff members workforce efficiency raised as well as productivity. This directly or
indirectly uplifts the market position in the intance competitive world.
Illustration 4: Lewin's Change Management Model
Source: Lewin's Change Management Model, 2018
Refreezing: This last step of Lewin's Change Management Model where refreezing take
place (Lewin's Change Management Model, 2018). While implementing the refreezing changes
in the working environment of Tesco the set goals and objectives are achieved respectively.
Along with this competitive advantages is gained against rivalry in neck to neck competitive
world. The changes taking place in the firm encourage the potential staff members to work
effectively and efficiently. By this consumers are bind with their unique innovative goods and
services over the years.
TASK 2
1) Introduction of the case study
About Tesco: