Leading Change: Organizational Impact and Strategies Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of leading change within organizations, using Marks & Spencer as a case study. It begins by comparing M&S with John Lewis Partnership to analyze the impact of organizational structure and strategies. The report then explores internal and external factors influencing change, including cultural, economic, and technological elements, and evaluates measures to minimize negative impacts, such as leadership approaches, employee engagement, and the PDCA model. Furthermore, the report examines barriers to change and their influence on leadership decisions. Finally, it critically analyzes leadership approaches in managing change, offering insights into effective strategies for navigating organizational transformations. The report covers various aspects of change management, making it a valuable resource for understanding and implementing successful change initiatives within a business context.

Understanding and
Leading Change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Compare different organizational examples that helps to analyse the impact of
organization's operations and strategy....................................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................6
P2 Ways of internal and external change that affect team, leadership and individual
behaviours...............................................................................................................................6
P3 Evaluate measures that helps to minimise negative impacts of change............................7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
P4. The analysis of influence of barriers to change on the leadership decision of the company.
................................................................................................................................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
P5. Critical analysis of the leadership approaches in managing the change of the
organisations.........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14
Books and Journals...............................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Change can be considered as the transformation in the business environment of the
company which is being faced by the workforces and they must tackle them effectively in order
to ensure stability in the company. It have been observed that the employees resist change due to
which the manager face challenge of introducing change in the working environment. The
change must be managed properly to ensure the innovation and sustainability across the
company. Also. This report will focus on the Marks and Spencer and how the change is being
managed in the company (Ahamer, 2019). M&S is British Multinational retailer with its
headquarter in London, UK. The company works in various fields such as food, clothing and
home products. Moreover, this report will emphasize on the impact of change on the
organisational working environment. It also considers the barriers in the adoption of change
across the company. Lastly, this will critically analyse the leadership style to deal with change in
the company.
TASK 1
P1 Compare different organizational examples that helps to analyse the impact of organization's
operations and strategy.
Organisation strategy is much essential for development and for growth of the company
because it support to crease less the utility and dealings or activities of company and to get over
with some modification in company (Barick, 2017). Structure alteration is very essential
conception that create impacts on composition and activity of company. There are several kinds
of instance that support the company to present impact and modification on the strategies and
transaction. So there are examination between two companies that help to provide deep
investigation of impinging of organisational alteration on schemes and function.
BASIS MARKS & SPENCER JOHN LEWIS
PARTNERSHIP
Structure Marks & Spencer is the
international company of
British . This company
John lewis company have
hierarchy structure in this
structure they move data and

considered the structure of
hierarchical because its
provide potency towards the
operations. In some past
years the company modified
their accusative due to more
rivalry that influences the
composition of the company.
Their goals and objectives
does not contest with their
target so that is the reason
they change strategies (Boyd,
Cheacharoen and McGehee,
2018). As this the
international organisation
and they have several stages
of but the company choose
flatter cognition because it
support them achieve their
targets.
argumentation in the variety
of peculiar scheme. As the
company is on very high scale
so they facing different kind
of situations and problems
that are connected to the
structure of the company. So
for minimisation of these
issues the company choose
the style that is democratic.
This style involve the
engagement of every worker
that provide contentment .
This style support the
company to raise their
potency and productivity of
the company and employees.
Strategies Structure modification
support to distinguishing and
examine the scheme and
activity of the organisation.
The company M&S provide
their foremost exertions to
create bendable scheme and
on the behalf of the
conditions so that support the
company get over with
unpredicted conditions. This
The company operate in the
domestic and planetary basis,
that is why they have
dynamic concepts. It deviate
creation to creation and the
surroundings of the company
because every fields have
different requirement and
needs (Cheng, 2017). Because
of modification in their
structure and environment

also support in rising the
accomplishment of
leadership that gain the
productiveness and potency
of the company.
their interaction method of
company is slow and they are
working on to enhance
effective plan and method of
of communication.
Operations
Because of modification in
the structure the company
Marks & Spencer create their
activities finely so that these
things help the company to
accept the alterations. The
activities are active
smoothly so that it support in
to create utility and functions
in a proper way (Emily
Dimmer and Farrington,
2019). This is much
important for the company
to concentrate on plan of
action because its helps the
company to operate and
work smoothly and also
support in gaining the
efficiency.
John & Lewis is the
international company and
its very necessary to operate
and work finely with more
potency to achieve their
targets. This is the much
required method for the
enhancement of the company
and development. Dynamic
structure provide well
determinant on their activities
because it will create impact
on their execution. When the
company modified their
argumentation and scheme
than for company it go
needful to modified their
activity variety so that will
help them to accept the
alterations. To achieve
prosperity and development
they have to create and
operate activities in a very
flexible manner.

From `the upper explanation it is examine that in every company flexible existence is
very needed because the modification create impacts on their scheme and operations.
TASK 2
P2 Ways of internal and external change that affect team, leadership and individual behaviours
This is much apparent that a company get smitten by modification but the leading
alteration for system are leadership, unit and actions. Marks & Spencer has several components
to determiner unit, leadership and actions (Kulkarni, Patel and Nørskov, 2018). They are many
kinds of elements that create impact on the actions of the company that are explained below:
Internal Factors: Internal section contain every causes that are managed by Marks &
Spencer. Because these things are managed by the company , these can be modified if the
company wants to amend and altered them on the basis of requirements and wants.
Culture: This is the very needed method in that a company get smitten. Culture assist to
determine structure of the company and that structure can be in positive way or in negative way.
These involve traditions and beliefs. Marks & Spencer company is on big scale that simply get
smitten by culture.
Employee Morale: This is much important for prosperity and enhancement of company
because it create impacts on workers productiveness and skilfulness.
PESTLE investigation is the equipments that assist to distinguishing component that impact on
company cognition and activities of Marks & Spencer.
Political Factors: These involve each components that can be develop by the alteration
in political stableness. In UK, after occurrence of Brexit problems so that becomes precise
aleatory for Marks & Spencer that these things create impact on company by positively or
negatively. These will minimise the import values that become beneficial for company to
increase their profit margins.
Economical Factors: this factor involve each operations that are connected to the
earnings of the individuals. This create impact on the buying ability of person that straightly
affect the request and supply of the company.

Social Factors: This is very important component for Marks & Spencer due to the
company have broad scope of workers so that the company have to concentrate on that
components that support the company to determine the structure (Nagorny-Koring, 2019).
Technological Factors: These are the components that involve all advanced
technologies for direct company with impulsive nature.
Legal Factors: It involve the components that connected to norms and modulate that
create impact on company in their activities. M&S contain grooming concepts that support to
form the surroundings healthy.
Environmental Factors: Marks & Spencer constituted their Green Argumentation that
present that the company accept the environment component.
P3 Evaluate measures that helps to minimise negative impacts of change
It is determined that company get antagonistic impinging because of modification in
company behaviour. Company acquire antagonistic affects because a company did not
recognize about the future and unpredicted conditions (Pianesi, 2019).
Leadership: This is much essential utility because it support to inspire and boost worker
with the support of method that is leadership. This functions is operate by individual of the
company. Marks & Spencer give a huge time to motivate their workers with suitable usage of
the method leadership.
Self Realistic Timeliness: This is relevant for those individuals that does not know
about the value of time. So for realising the individuals that they can accomplish their goals and
target this function has been used (Rincon-Gallardo, 2019).
Engagement Of Employees: Involvement of workers in every function and activities because
of these activities workers get inspiration and promote to amend their ratio and productiveness.
involvement of workers is very essential for company because its support the company to
complete and achieve their targets.
All of three are much essential for the enhancement and follow the modification. There
are one model also that support to extenuate antagonistic effects of changing quality of
environment. The model is PDCA Model that is follow by the company Marks & Spencer.

Plan: This is very needed theory for Marks & Spencer because it support to create preset aims
and mark that support to accomplish them simply by the support of creating schemes according
to the needs. Plan is very required level for constant betterment because it support to create
scheme in beforehand (Scott and Baillargeon, 2017).
Do: This is the second level in that Marks & Spencer utilise its pre planned planning . This is
very important level because making plan is easy but the usage and need and value of plan is
suitable or not for every condition. Execution is very required because it support to accomplish
targets and objectives.
Check: This Activity is not end with the extremity of execution of program. This is essential
level that support to analysis modular fit with existent execution. Marks & Spencer analysis
execution procedure on the daily basis because it provide correct response to the question. This
is needed for examine the execution for the company means the the plans are acquired or not th
and they are suitable for achieving goals. This can be distinguishing the fluctuation between
modular and current performance.
Act: This is the level in that a company issue essential disciplinary activity for gathering the
potential execution with modular presentation. This is also essential for structure that their fixed
modular are attainable or not (Shafran, 2017). That terms modular presentation should be
accomplish able, they have to be very attainable. In this level , subsequently distinguishing the
aberrant or fluctuation . Marks & Spencer issue requisite disciplinary activity that assist to meet
modular presentation.
From the above explanation ,it is determined that PDCA is very needed and required
model that support to extenuate antagonistic contacts of structure modification.

TASK 3
P4. The analysis of influence of barriers to change on the leadership decision of the company.
Managing change is a complex task that is effectively performed by the leaders of the
company. If the leadership decision are not taken correctly then it will create obstacles in the
ways of success of the company. Leader plays a guiding role for the workforce regarding the
introduction of change. But there are certain barriers which would be faced by the workers of
M&S (Singh and Ramdeo, 2020). In the context of M&S, there are certain factors which are
affecting their sales and revenues figures and these factors must be eliminated by the manager
itself. These issues are explained underneath:
 Improper Staff Management: The workers of the company are focuses towards the
attainment of the goals of the company. In context of this, the manager of M&S focuses
on utilising the skills and knowledge of the workers at the right place in the right time
which will enhance their productivity. But sometimes the manager face challenges in
meeting the expectations of the workers from the management. The M&S focuses on
enhancing the customer base and for this the manager must manage their workforce
which will attain their production and sales targets timely. In response to this, the leaders
focusses on the performance of the employees and rewards them accordingly in order to
motivate them for high performance. Lack of Communication: Communication network is an effective way to connect the
the workers of the company. In this relation, the leaders of M&S focusses on the issues
and challenges faced by the workers to resolve them in order to ensure smooth working
environment. The workers of the company deliver messages to explain their issues but if
they are not attended by the leader then it will create conflicts in the working
environment (Snell, McGaha and Brooks, 2017). The M&S adopts different ways of
communication strategy in order to enhance their growth prospects. The innovative
strategies will reduce the fear and conflicts of the workers regarding introduction of
change.
Force Field Analysis

This model is introduced in order to introduce and manage change across the working
environment of the company. M&S have used this measure for understanding the requirement
for change and to control and monitor change in the working environment. This model have been
considered as an tool that will help the leaders in effective coordination and collaboration among
the workforce regarding change management (Umerska, Sapin-Minet and Boudier, 2020). This
model involves the following phases:
 Change Force identification: This step deals with scanning the environment of the
company for identifying the change requirements in diversified fields of M&S. The
manager has the responsibility to introduce change by analysing the risk factors
efficiently. As the change is introduced in order to enhance the innovation and reduction
of the risk factors of the company.
 Change substance: It can be defined as the tools considered for the implementation of
change in the company. Also, the manager of M&S introduces change by adopting the
strategies that will suit their organisational structure. As the workforce must be able to
adopt the strategies and implement it in order to ensure continuous growth of the
company.
 Assessment of score: after the implementation of strategies for change, the manager of
M&S focuses on analysing the performance of it. This will be done to make sure that the
workers are dealing with the change effectively and this is not harnessing their
performance.
 Force against alternate identification: In this phase the manager attempts to search for
the alternatives of the strategies for the change. This manager of M&S attempts to
introduce alternative strategies for meeting the current requirements of the workers. This
will help them in enhancing the operational performance of the workers with the
implementation of the effective strategies (Wiseman and Imig, 2018).
 Evaluation and execution: This phase involve the evaluation of the performance of the
strategies in the working environment of M&S. The manager analyses the result of the
strategies in order to select the strategies form the alternatives. The manager selects the
strategy that will elevate the profitability and position of the company in the external
competitive environment.

Hence, these are the barriers of change implementation across the company. For ensuring
the smooth working of the operations effective strategies must be implemented by the manager
of M&S.
TASK 4
P5. Critical analysis of the leadership approaches in managing the change of the organisations.
Leadership is a role performed by the manager or the leader for guiding the workers in
the working environment. This will be used in order to monitor the performance of the workers
and applying ways to enhance their efficiency. The manager of M&S adopts different leadership
approaches in order to manage their workforce. These leadership approaches are explained
below:
Autocratic Approach: This leadership approach focuses on the influence of the leaders
over the workers of the company. The leader of M&S adopts this approach in order to maintain
discipline in the working environment by not allowing the workers to participate in the decision
making process. This will result in limiting the power of the workers up to a certain level. In
addition to this, it will restrict the authority of the workers in interfering in the decisions of top
level management (Zhao, Zhang, and Jia, 2018).
Democratic Approach: This approach explains that it is necessary to involve workers in
the decision making process in order to understand their expectations from the management. In
relation to this the leader of M&S aims at working on the development of the strategies that will
meet the requirements of the workers. Also, the decision taken by the authorities must be in the
favour of organisation and the workforce. As this will enhance the workers participation level in
company matters.
Lewis's Model Change: This method is undertaken for introducing change across the
company. As this will encourage the workers towards the goal attainment of M&S. The manager
of M&S aims at enhancing their growth prospects by utilising the skills of the employees in the
operations of the company effectively. This model uses following approaches: Unfreezing:This techniques focuses on how to implement change in the company. For
this the manager of M&S uses approaches that will ensure the limited participation of the

workers of the company. This strategy enhances the skills and knowledge of the workers
in the current working environment. Change: This deals with the introduction of change to analyse its effect easily. This will
introduced in every department which will eliminate discrepancy in the working
environment of the company. In addition to this, the approach will also condensers the
ways to be used that would analyse the expectations of the workers form M&S. The
manager of M&S monitors the change implementation to reduce thee risk factors of the
external environment associated with it (Liu, Xiao and Nørskov, 2017).
 Refreezing: This approach involves the monitoring and controlling of change
management strategies across the company. For this the manager of M&S prepares the
score card for various strategies implemented for change introduction and management.
In the score there is an specific record of the strategy and its effect of the working
environment, sales and profits of the company. As this will ensure that change is being
adopted by the working environment of M&S which will enhance their operations
worldwide.

CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that the change is necessary for ensuring
continuous survival of the company in the competitive environment.. innovation act as tool to
enhance the creativity in the change management across the company. The manager aims at
building competitive advantage by implementing change and innovation in their operations. The
barriers in the implementation of change across the company must be managed by the manager
in such a way that will be beneficial for the workforce. Although, change management is an
complex task but it encourages motivation of the workforce which will help them to attain the
goals of the company effectively. For sustaining the competitive advantage and level of
profitability of the company, the leader must adopt an appropriate leadership style which will
enhance the growth prospects of the company.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
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Evidence-Based Practice Change.
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Shafran, R. F., 2017. Leading organizational change: a phenomenological study of the nonlinear
strategies used by female leaders in global companies.
Singh, R. and Ramdeo, S., 2020. Leading Organizational Development and Change: Principles
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