Leading Organizational Change: A Comparative Report on M&S and Tesco

This report analyzes the dynamics of leading change within organizations, using Marks & Spencer (M&S) and Tesco as case studies. It begins by comparing the impact of change on the operations and strategies of both companies, examining internal and external drivers such as economic factors, competitor actions, and technological advancements. The report delves into how these drivers influence leadership, team dynamics, and individual behaviors, incorporating SWOT and PESTLE analyses for both M&S and Tesco to provide a comprehensive understanding of their respective environments. Activity 2 focuses on barriers to change, leadership decision-making, and the application of force field analysis to evaluate driving and resisting forces within Nokia. The report also explores different leadership approaches and their effectiveness in delivering organizational change, critically evaluating leadership models and change management strategies to offer conclusions and recommendations. The report emphasizes the importance of adapting to market changes, understanding customer preferences, and leveraging technology for sustained growth, offering insights into effective change management practices.

Understanding and
leading change

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
Activity 1.........................................................................................................................................1
Compare the change impact on organisation’s operation and strategy: .....................................1
Assess the drivers for change in each of the examples and the types of changes in the
organisational they have affected. ...................................................................................................3
Which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and behaviours of
individual within both the organisations ...................................................................................3
Measures that can adopt to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational behaviour
relates with organisation.............................................................................................................6
Apply Systems Theory and the Burke-Litwen Model ...............................................................7
Draw conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications ............................................8
Activity 2.........................................................................................................................................8
Describe various different barriers for change............................................................................8
How these above barriers influenced leadership of Nokia in decison-making. ........................9
Use force field analysis for analyse driving and resisting forces. ..............................................9
Evaluate use of Force field analysis in meeting Nokia's objectives.......................................10
Apply various different leadership approaches . ......................................................................10
Evaluate extent which is above mentioned leadership approaches which can delivers
organisational change in effective manner................................................................................11
Critically measures effectiveness of leadership models , approaches of change management.
...................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION .............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
.......................................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Understanding the leading changes provides the organisation new growth by making an
environment competitive this will leads to the generation of the employees in respect of the new
ideas and innovative approach implement by the organisation with a motive to assist their
employees through preparing them for the creation and development of new ideas by which there
is a generation of new opportunities and environment arises at continuous basis (Drago-Severson
and Blum-DeStefano, 2018). While going for any changes regarding the organisation structure in
its operations, decisions for changes are decided by the senior level managers and executive
which will handle the growth development activities by having authorities in the organisation
they delegate the roles and responsibility according to the capability of the employees and by
implementing the change they takes cares about the employees training and learning in respect of
the new changes ,the outcome of the organisation will be depends upon the employees
performance regarding the change. Leading changes will emerges the potential in the employees
to Cope up with the future uncertain value by able to determine best solution for it. The below
report is based on the multinational company MARKS & SPENCER is UK retailing company
have their headquarter in London,this company involves in the clothing ,homes products and
product relates with food. The report consists of change that will influence by policies and
strategies of an organisation, driver the change affect the leadership, team and individual
behaviour.
MAIN BODY
Activity 1
Compare the change impact on organisation’s operation and strategy:
While doing certain changes in organisation motive of senior level authority is to change
the strategies in accordance to the marketing scenario ,these changes relates with the operational
point of view by this factor the organisation have to adopt the situation analysis to covers the
situation through the external factor and approaches this will be either political, economical,
social, legal and environmental (Nadim and Singh, 2019). There are many factor which deals
with the organisational behaviour by influencing them through structures, strategy and culture of
the company,the bigger factor that will impact the entity is change in the organisation which can
be based on the strategic level and either on operational level which will be improved through
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employees and department efforts by solving the queries regarding that change and will develop
opportunities from the sudden change ,it can either impact the organisation through positive or
negatively, changes in the organisation will depends upon the internal as well external forces like
if the company or organisation wants to expand their business they will go for the changes in
accordance to diversified their working activities, distributions channels and supply
channel ,here the motive of change is for the betterment of the organisation department and their
reach in the market likewise external impacts relates with pestle analysis so by the comparison of
two companies here is that :
BASIS MARKS AND SPENCER TESCO
Change
in
external
factor
Marks&Spencer is a British
multinational industry of clothing, food
product and home products for every
segment of the market in which they
relates with the retail industry having the
brand image and they are right now
dealing in 80000 employees in the
organisation which are working
according to their positioning in the
company (Wong and et. al., 2019). They
currently having 960 stores in all over
UK in which around 620 stores are of
food products. In respect of external
factor which will be the main factor in
which company has to adopt the new
pricing or offerings changes is that, M&S
deals in the branded products having
higher pricing in compare with the other
small retailers so the customer will tends
to move towards the lower price product
and this will be the external force where
Tesco is a British multinational retailers
of groceries and merchandise product
having a headquarter in Welwyn garden
city, England. This company achieve the
third largest position in the world
measured by gross revenue. This
company having the brand image and
reputation in the global market by
reaching the customers in large-scale .
Due to the social cultural changes Is that
change in the customer preferences and
trends in the society will emerges as
external factor which will impact the
organisation department , industry has to
adopt these changes because to retain
their customer through proving the
product or services in the much better
manner and effectively by utilizing the
strategy depends upon the customer base
by achieving the customer value an
industry will go for the change in respect
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they have to change their pricing
policies.
of the external value ,
Structure This retailing industry deals in the
fashion clothing ,food product and home
products with a view to reach the target
market in respect of the customer groups
basically they are dealing in every aspect
of customer base in which kids, adults
and for the senior citizens the product
lines are different which are having the
aspect of maintaining the revenue of the
industry through minimizing the risk of
unaware structural process.
Tesco is dealing in merchandise retailing
product which are having lots of
competitors across the countries because
they are operating in the Asia and Europe
due to less operations activities in the
other countries ,this will reduce the reach
of the customer base and industry will
have to properly plan about the coverage
of the company product and services they
have to deal accordingly to overcome the
external forces (Boyatzis and Cavanagh,
2018).
Assess the drivers for change in each of the examples and the types of changes in the
organisational they have affected.
From the above study it has summarized that economical factor will be the driver for
change that impact M&S as they considered with small retailers competitors who provides the
same related product in lower price as compared to the company Tesco , so to built the company
growth in accordance to the reaching the customers base by covering the area related to local
areas where the retailers exist with the intentions to move towards the potential customer by
offering them good deals in local areas and by making the cost effective and quality products,
they are being affected by the social factor too here the factor relates with the upcoming trends
and taste preferences of the customer ,these aspects are regularly changes so as to achieve the
market scenario and cope up with the change in the environment by adopting the change and
converts them into opportunities by creating the balance between the company products pricing
and new technological advancement (Neumann, James and Vince, 2019).
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Which internal and external drivers of change affect leadership, team and behaviours of
individual within both the organisations
This External aspects deals with the forces which are imply in the business or
organisation through which organisation will leads to change the policies structure accordingly
by making the organisation designing in respect of the work strategic planning on the basis of
analysing the market environment through reduce the risk of uncertainty so as to accomplish the
task relates with the organisation structure like internal factors are those who depends upon the
organisation current status and reports on the basis of emerging the plan according to the
industry requirement they have to analysis the statement which are concerned and having change
affect on the leaderships, team etc.
Drive change of competitors :
Its a change that make alteration within the market place where organisation have to
focus on the customer responses in respect of the taste and preferences (Mackey and et. al.,
2018). The potential customer is the biggest requirement of the business ,all the factor which are
relates with the customer satisfactions.
Competitor's Driver changes:
The certain level of challenges are faced by the Marks and Spencer and Tesco which is
based on the competitor value here the organisation are trying to evolve the value by which they
can compete in the present scenario through making changes as per the requirement needed by
the organisation .
Technological Driver Change:
In order to maintain the organisational targets and goal they have to work according to
the market scenario by making the technological changes the organisation is that Marks and
Spencer has to develop the strategy according to the organisational goals and objectives by
making certain changes in the company.
SWOT of Tesco:
Strength Having the strength relates with the large number of operating channel by
making the customer more reliable on the product and branding value.
Weaknesses Due to the pricing policies of the that relates with higher price in accordance to
serve their customers because of that factor they suffer with this weakness.
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Opportunities This aspect in the organisation generates when the this retailing industry will
going to develop or expand their business in long way with the intention to
serve even in local areas across the countries (Boff and Cardwell, 2020).
Threat As a large organisation Tesco deals with the global competitors this will leads
to the difficulties in operating the activities with ease cause organisation have to
analysis the competitor strategy too.
SWOT of Marks and Spencer:
Strength The most important USP of this retail industry is there different product and
service line by reaching or handling the large customer base with different age
group provide the larger revenue coverage.
Weaknesses M&S works on the principle of providing the product with the best quality this
will leads to the higher price for the product because of the branding
value ,customer will prefer the substitute rather than M&S.
Opportunities Opportunities in this retailing industry will work on the basis of providing with
the new offerings and discount may be on seasonal basis will going to provide
profits to the organisation in future (Nguyen and et. al., 2019).
Threat There are lots threats and risk involve in this industry by having the aspect of
new entrants in the markets with the new frame of technologies., they have to
work accordingly.
PESTLE of Tesco:
Political Having an impact on the business of Tesco through inclusion of government
by considering the political stability in the country in respect to the retail
sector.
Economical Due to the different economy factor arises in the country will allowing the
retailing industry to maintain the statement in terms of operational activities.
Social This impact relates with the organisational behaviour in respect to the
changes arise due to the customer taste preferences an d cultural beliefs.
Technological This aspect relates with the technological changes when the market scenario
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will change according to the new innovative technological factor arising .
Legal This factor impact the organisation in relation to the labour laws and law
consideration in the industry allow the industry by making the policies
considering them in the course of changes by that process (Christou and et.
al., 2020).
Environmental This impact deals with the organisational initiative towards the society and
environmental welfare.
PESTLE of Marks and Spencer:
Political This factor impact the company by political instability across the countries
dealing in respect of the M&S products to formulate plan accordingly.
Economical This economic factor impact the operation working of the industry due to
economic recession in the operating countries will leads to affect them
Social This social factor rely on the basis of cultural impact of the society on the
organisation by making the policies as per the relation of beliefs of an
particular customers groups.
Technological This facto relates with the advancement in the industry through new
innovative techniques emerge by the competitors (Blackburn and
Williamson, 2018).
Legal Legal consideration are having the aspect of initiating the activities regarding
the value of labour laws and regulation in the country.
Environmental Environmental factor relates with the scarcity of the raw materials in respect
of retailing this factor having the approach of hygiene in the industry.
How change in organisation will affect these terms
Leadership Team Individual
The changes relates with
working operation having the
direct impact over the leader
The work activities regarding
the format of operation has to
be divided and categorized
In the business aspect of
retailing all the individual
working in the industry has to
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relates with the industry as
they have to follow the suitable
approaches made in the
industry so that activities will
manage ans generation of
profitability exists.
according to the roles and
duties with specify the work in
particular groups assigning .thi
s efforts relates with
experience team members or
manager they will provide the
necessary knowledge to their
juniors (Bohman, 2019).
follow the rules and regulation
in according to the guidelines
and policies structure of the
organisation.
Measures that can adopt to minimise negative impacts of change on organisational behaviour
relates with organisation.
The organisation has to follow and implement the measures that will minimize the
negative impacts in respect of changing scenario of the organisation is that organisation
behaviour defines the competitive benefits that is attained in the business .There are different
measures adopt by the business in order to change the negative approaches in the company is that
Initiation of Pathway: In this the management department of Tesco and M&S they have
to develop the set of proper strategies and policies in respect to manage the working activities of
the employees so that expertise will be maintained by that , this will be the helpful approach to
find out the minor lope holes in the business by making an efforts in them (Chng and
Mårtensson, 2020).
Discourse programme with employees: This process deals with the set of activities
which relates with the manager and senior level authority who are involves in the activities of
making certain roles and duties for the department by assigning them particular job role
according to the plan made in retailing and expanding of the business of particular businesses.
Apply Systems Theory and the Burke-Litwen Model .
Burke Litwin Model: Its a model which is used in the format of organisational structure
by making the certain changes work on the departmental level where the operations of marketing
activities are indulge in that ,proper formation of tasks and action to be performed in the retail
business is that of tesco and M&S ,its usually defines the heterogeneous aspects and define the
platform level and factor of change in the context of Tesco and M&S company is that:
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External environment: This factor relates with the political,social,
environmental,competitors ,business ethics and many more aspects which is relates with this
factor, having a direct impact on the working of the organisation in respect of the TESCO and
M&S by making certain changes in the development of the organisation they directly impact the
working and productivity of the business (Avitia Carlos, Rodríguez Tapia and Candolfi Arballo,
2020).
Mission and strategy:
Its a core activity which aspect of the organisation to develop the strategies according to the
mission assigned in the industry relates with the retailing sector in which stratified objectives of
the company is addressed ,in which managers of retailing sector has develop the strategies
according to the company structural value and implement the program by assigning the roles and
responsibility to the supportive employees in the organisation.
Draw conclusions and recommendations with valid justifications .
This process of change depend upon the organisation working structure as we takes the
multinational companies Tesco and M&S they have to work in accordance of the situational
basis and by making the analysis of internal as well as external through its SWOT analysis this
will leads to the generation of the particular and appropriate change in the company working
structure enhancing the value of the industry through their particular changes in respective of the
strategic planning in the course of the organisation by making an efforts in the pricing strategies
with the formulation of expanding the business or industry through providing the growth through
model of assigning and preparing the duties for the supportive team is that of employees. By
properly analysing the situation which deals in internal as well as external environment of these
two organisation. They have to set the strategies to the model that determine the value which is
necessary in the context of both Tesco and M&S.(Vieira and et. al., 2018).
Activity 2
Describe various different barriers for change.
The management of every organisation requires to implement change which is helpful in
such a way as company's strategies and policies which helps in enhancing performance and
profitability in effective manner. There are some of the barriers for changing management which
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creates difficulty for Nokia to work in new situation change. There are some major issues and
they have their impact on decision making of manager or leader which is discussed below:
Lack of clear definition and scope: This is consider as common barrier which boost
change as there is a lack of understanding as what changes are done in company. In terms of
Nokia, company is facing this barrier as managers or leaders are unable to recognise what the
actual is company wants to (Hoffman, 2020). As organisation is deals in industry so there is
changes which are rapidly due to technology advancement.
Resistance to change: This factor refers to as fact by which employees and workers of
company are not ready to accept any type of change as by this they become comfortable with
help of their old techniques and methods. In terms of respective organisation, employees are
facing changes as when there is implementation of any type of change so there leads to effects on
overall process of operations in company.
How these above barriers influenced leadership of Nokia in decison-making.
From above barriers which is related to change in any factor of organisation which also
influenced leadership decision making process in Nokia. This is because there is a responsibility
of managers and leaders as they have motivate and influence the staff members to adopt changes
which creates or develop new opportunity for organisation. This helps in providing better growth
and performance for company and also employees are working in effective manner which creates
better in their relations as personally and professionally (Wolberger and Goldman Schuyler,
2018). As due to lack of clear definition and scope this leads to company as factors which are
changes rapidly so this results in impact on decision making process of organisation as leader
have responsibility to provide update when there is any type of changes which is taken in
company and these must be understand by all staff members.
Use force field analysis for analyse driving and resisting forces.
Force field analysis: This analysis is developed by Kurt Lewin, which offers important
contribution to field which is related tom change management. It offers a framework within
which all factors are there which influence forces. It helps in determining forces which id either
helping or driving movement towards goals, resisting, blocking and movement which is towards
objectives. In terms of Nokia there are some analysis which is discussed below:
Forces for change:
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 Customers: This force leads to as always favour of change. Customers are individual
who always accept the changes as they are always looking forwards for new services and
products which have updated features in them. In terms of Nokia, this is considered as
most powerful and significant force as company have to make changes to needs and
desires or customers this is due to technological advancement. So for this company have
to take decisions which is favour for adopt any type of changes.
 Technology: If there is change which is related to technology is occur then it is a
responsibility of organisation to adopt these changes which increase quality and
production of operations which is helpful in attainment of goals in effective manner. So it
is important for leaders or managers to take appropriate decision according to strategies
after examine the environment in proper manner.
Forces against change: Cost involves: If there is any type of change which is occur in company so this become
quite expensive. For improvement in technology there is a use of high cost which leads to
effect on decision-making of Nokia company (Seipp 2019).
 Employees: Staff members or workers of Nokia company have to resists change as they
are quite adjustable with old techniques and methods or tools. They also have fear of
loosing their job as company develops new strategies and policies for skilled and new
employees. So by this there is a influencing in decisions of leaders and managers in
company.
Evaluate use of Force field analysis in meeting Nokia's objectives.
From above analysis it can been examined or evaluated as it is very helpful force which is
useful for focusing on force field for analysis any type of help which is consider in favour to
resist or change in organisation. In this technology and customers are two factors which
influence company for change and on other hand cost involves & employees these are factors
which resist the change in organisation. So by this, leaders can take decisions for change which
helps in considering higher productivity and profitability. This field analysis helps managers for
take decisions which is related to future changes in company. With help of this model, it assist
for fulfilling the task in Efficient and effective manner and also helps in enhances productivity
and also comfortable running of enterprise (Low, 2018). By this there organisation is also attain
growth and opportunities in market segment. By adopting this force field analysis, the company
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like Nokia will shift their objectives through continuity in the formation of new software in the
context of adopting the technological change.
Apply various different leadership approaches .
Leadership is refers to practical skill which is under group, company, individual which
helps in influence, guide team or whole organisation. There are different requirement of leaders
in different companies having various qualities which are helpful in success of organisation.
In terms of Nokia company there are various leadership approaches which is used by managers
are discussed below: Autocratic: In this approach of leadership boss of company have all controls on decision-
making process at workplace. By this style there is a time saving process in decision
making. But also employees of company feel as they are not value personally in
company. Democratic: In this approach there is choice of leader as they involve team members for
making any decisions in organisation (Amukongo, 2020). So this leads to employees feel
motivated as they consider themselves as part of organisation. Transactional: In this approach there is involvement of employees who are considered
themselves as self motivated as leaders of organisation generate inflexible environment
and structured in which they are using clear reward system for performance of staff
members.
 Laissez fair: By this approach of leadership style this is consider as free leadership style.
In this they have to involvement of all team members as they have dynamic environment
for them. In this approach they have equal decision making process and all decisions and
actions are considered in equal manner. So this leads to situation of conflicts and
confusion among staff members.
Evaluate extent which is above mentioned leadership approaches which can delivers
organisational change in effective manner
In context of Nokia, leaders or managers use Transactional Leadership Style for achieve
goal of organisation with ensures huge performance by maintaining regular communication with
their team members at all step of hierarchy system. In this staff members are dedicated as they
have definite task and they also get incentives and rewards which motivate them (Min, Johnson
and Ziedonis, 2019). Organisation also recruit experience individual which helps in increasing
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profitability and productivity of company. On other hand other leadership style also influences
the changes which defines many ways as how change have to be implemented in company in
efficient and effective manner.
Critically measures effectiveness of leadership models , approaches of change management.
From the above study it has been critically influence as leadership models and
approaches helps in influence changes in both way such as negative and positive manner. These
approaches and models helps in analysing or identifying needs of changes and areas where
changes have to be implemented which leads to better performance for company. But there are
also some leadership styles which are not implemented in successful manner for change in firm.
So for this managers or leaders of company have to use adequate leadership approach which
helps tom achieve long sustainability and growth of enterprise. It has been evaluated through the
model of kotters and Kurt Lewin is that they provides the growth to any industry through
generating the needs and requirement of change in the organisation by putting efforts into the
required resources into the context of any market situational changes this model will going to
assist on that conditions.
CONCLUSION
From above analysis it has been concluded as change management is consider as
important part of company which is associated with process and changes. So for this organisation
have to be highly focus on implementation of future changes in it which helps in attaining
organisation goals and objectives in efficient and effective manner. In addition, this report also
covers strategies, technology, process and cultures in company which helps in fulfilling goals
and task in appropriate way. So for this there is a change which is creative and new which are
required for satisfy demand of buyers. There are many forces and factors which is influenced for
models and change for understanding about resist and favour to change. There are also several
leadership styles which helps company for adopting change which is in adequate way.
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