1Spatial: Organizational Behavior and Motivation Strategies Report

This report examines the organizational behavior of 1Spatial, a UK-based software company, focusing on how organizational culture, power dynamics, and motivational theories influence individual and team performance. It applies Handy's cultural theory to analyze 1Spatial's culture types and Raven's power types to assess their impact. The report further evaluates content and process theories of motivation, including Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Vroom's expectancy theory, to determine how these models can enable the effective achievement of 1Spatial's goals. It suggests that a positive organizational culture and the application of reward power, along with the use of motivational techniques, can enhance employee performance and overall profitability. The analysis highlights the importance of aligning organizational strategies with motivational frameworks to foster a productive work environment.

Unit 12: Organizational
Behaviour
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INTRODUCTION
Organizational behaviour is the survey which shows the way of interaction within many
groups and peoples. The study is mostly applied in medium as well as large business in order to
create more efficient business organization. On the other side organizational culture is
contributed to the alone societal as well as scientific discipline situation of an business. Study
main purpose is to analyse the value of organization culture as well as behaviour. The present
study shows that how organizational culture influence the performance of the company. The
chosen company for this report is 1Spatial and it is one of the top leading software company in
UK. The present study also present how company's culture and power directly affect the working
performance of a company and company's overall profitability. Report also evaluate the content
and process theory further help to attain the defined goals of a company and describe different
teams help to achieve the target for 1Spatial by using Tuckman theory.
LO 1
Presenting organizational culture, politics and power on individual and team behaviour
Organizational Culture:
By applying Handy theory of culture an organization can easily attain their objectives,
where the individuals and employees can work together in order to achieve the common goal.
Handy also states that every firm has their own rules and values, policies and guidelines which
differentiate from others. According to this model, 1Spatial can follow 4 types of culture and this
are as follows:
 Power: If organization follows this type of culture then they can respond quickly to the
events but on the other side they are heavily dependent on their employee’s ability of
success. Under this culture, power remains only in few hands and they are authorised to
take some decisions (Handy Theory, 2018). They are the most important people of an
organization and these individuals assign responsibilities to their employees and let them
realised about their own roles. The managers of this type of civilization can be so partial
to someone or to others major to major agitation among another.
 Role: this civilization is where the roles and responsibilities are delegated as per their
specific roles and specialization, education fitness and involvement to infusion the high-
grade out of them. In such type of civilization, worker settle what best things will they do
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and they are accountable for something and take the ownership of a work which is
assigned to them. Quality comes with a duty in this kind of work civilization.
 Task: If an organization where the teams are formed in order to achieve their specific
goals follow task culture. In this type of working culture, they all work together to
achieve the common goals (Agbozo and et.al., 2018). And further they all have to
contribute equally to accomplish the given task in an innovative way.
 Person: there are still many form where an employee feels that they are so of import than
a firm. In this type, they follow person culture. In person culture, every employee are
more concern about themselves rather than an organization. As a result they did not do
work according to welfare of a company and a firm has to suffer a big loss.
Organizational Politics: It is of two types in 1Spatial which is mentioned below:
 Positive type of politics: In order to encourage the productivity, organization has to
develop a positive type of culture so that their employees can easy to understand the
problem. Even by establishing the clear policies and chain of command will help to make
it easier that they have to spend a lot of time on producing high quality of work (Aithal
and Kumar, 2016).
 Negative Type of politics: If an organization will develop negative climate then they
have to suffer a lot and even the employees are also dishonest and unethical and as a
result, a firm has to faces decrease in productivity and higher rates of returns. If an
organization is without clear policies then it leads to spending more time to find out the
best answers for the welfare of the company.
Organizational Power: As per Raven, there are five types of power which are as
follows:
 Legitimate power: This type of power helps to provide the ability in order to link certain
feelings of responsibility with management. Rewards and punishment are the two type of
legitimate power and it is based upon a certain role (Anheier 2014). This can be
overcome as soon as possible when someone losses their position or a title.
 Reward power: This type of power provide the ability to delegate the matters which the
wish to do for others and to reward for the same. This type of reward power generally
works when a person do work and expect something in return of it. But it has a drawback
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such that if reward does not have enough perceived value then the power automatically
weakened.
 Expert power: This is supported upon in- depth and cognition or expertness. In this type
of working culture manager are so intelligent and strong to tackle any kind of problem.
These type of leaders are highly appreciated and can take better decision as per the
welfare of a company.
 Referent power: this form of power is based upon a management in which an
administrator has some sense of personal acceptance or approval (Coccia, 2018). This
type of leaders are take as a role model. Their responsibility is heavy and even can easily
losses oneself and they are highly liked by their employees.
 Coercive power: this is supported upon the idea of enforcement which means that person
is involuntary to do something against their will. According to Raven, there are some
other types of power which are also used in the form of coercive manner such as
withholding reward or using referent power in order to threaten the social exclusion.
From the above, it has been analysed that if the quoted firm is used role culture then it
will be helpful for the company to achieve their goals. While on the other side, 1Spatial have to
follow positive type of culture in order to encourage the productivity of their employees. It has
been analysed that if 1Spatial follow Reward power then it will be more beneficial for the firm to
motivate their employees for better performance. In this way the firm is easily uses Handy theory
in order to motivate their employees. Therefore, this theory directly influence the individual and
team performance.
M1
Culture, power and politics of 1Spatial influence the individual as well as team behaviour
of a performance such that a positive politics or power helps to raise their working efficiency
while on the other side negative power directly creates wrong impact upon team performance. If
he organization have positive culture then it enhances the skills as well as performance of an
employees.
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LO 2
Evaluating how content and process theories of motivation will enable the effective achievement
of the goals of 1Spatial
Content theories: The content theories Maslow’s needs hierarchy, Hertzberg’s two factor
theory and many more. Some of them are mentioned below:
Maslow’s needs hierarchy: This theory describe in five categories and is often shows in a
shape of pyramid in which basic needs at the bottom and most complex which are needs for self-
actualization at the top. These five categories are mentioned below:
 Physiological needs: This includes he basic needs for human which are needed to
survive such as air, water, food and shelter (Fallatah and Syed, 2018). This also
states that body will not function well if these requirements are not fulfilled as per
the time. These physiological needs are the most dominant and if someone is
missing this then there major motivation is missing. In addition to this, in 1Spatial
if these needs of an employees are not fulfilled then they are not ale to produce the
best output for the welfare of a company. Further these needs are remain unsatisfied
and then the organism is then overruled by this physiological needs.
 Safety and security: safety needs are those which are refers to the person’s desire
for the security and basically these looks less important than safety and protection.
The safety, peaceful, sure will makes an employee feel safety while working in the
workplace. These needs included personal security, financial security and safety
mesh against accident creates adverse impact upon the working area (Fordern and
et.al., 2018).
 Belongingness and love: If both the above needs are satisfied then this comes
which is known as belongingness and love. Maslow also claimed that people also
needs love and belongingness from the society which help to keep motivated them
in order to produce best outcome for the welfare of a company. If these
requirements are not fulfilled then there may be chances to reach at that stage
where an individual feels nervousness an loneliness and clinical depression just
because of lack love.
 Self esteem: it means that give respect and take respect. Esteem means that being
valued an respected and appreciated by others. Employee in 1Spatialwith low
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esteem also needs respect from others. Such as attention, prestige. While on the
other side, higher version of esteem also needs self respect such as independence.
 Self actualization: It is the stage in which an individual grow themselves in order
to achieve their defined goals (Gagné, Sharma and De Massis, 2014). Employees of
1Spaial needs opportunities and challenging positions to create some task and that
help to achieve their desired goals.
Process Theories: This theory is based upon many theories and some of them are
as follows:
Vroom’s Expectancy Theory: This theory mainly explains that how people
chooses something from many actions. Vroom also defines that motivation is a process which
governs person’s choices among many options. The main reason to choose this theory is that
motivation stems from the belief that decision is actually based upon their own desired. The
theory s also based upon three factors which are mentioned below:
 Expectancy: under this factor, if person work harder then they will definitely achieve
their desired result and it will leads them towards a success (Hakaloba and et.al., 2016).
As a result their performance will automatically enhances and they will easily able to
produce best result for the welfare of a company.
 Instrumentally: this factor states that there is a strong connection between the person’s
activity and goals. If the goals are achieved in specific time period then they will
definitely receive a reward. A good activity and performance will help to lead a person
towards their goals and it will help them to achieve the best output.
 Valence: This factor shows that if a person receive the reward in instrumentally stage
then they will gave to value those rewards. This will motivate them in order to result the
success. Vroom also states that if these all become zero then the motivation will
automatically converted into zero and an employee will not able to lead into best positive
where they wants to be stand (Harper, 2018). The entire stage of Vroom’s Expectancy
theory will help to lead a team and makes them motivate in order to achieve best result
for the welfare of a company.
If the firm uses Maslow theory then it will help to motivate their employees in order to
accomplish their goals. Through Maslow theory, employees of a company can help to grab the
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opportunities of the company and also raise their own skills for further development. Through
Vroom’s Expectancy theory they can determine different factors in order to raise their current
skills. As this theory also explains the three factors and as the person start following it then it
will easily help them to attain the objectives of the firm.
M2
Through motivational techniques and model, 1Spatial can easily raise the performance of
the employees so that they will easily achieve the goals of a company. Through Maslow theory,
employees of a company can help to grab the opportunities of the company and also raise their
own skills for further development. Through Vroom’s Expectancy theory they can determine
different factors in order to raise their current skills.
D1
There is a strong relationship between politics, culture and power with motivation such
that through this they will easily raise their working efficiencies and they can also help to
achieve all defined goals of a company (Islam and et.al., 2017). 1Spatial should also uses
Maslow theory of motivation in order to motivate their employees so that they will easily help to
attain company’s goals and objectives.
LO 3
Presenting what makes an effective team as opposed to an ineffective team
By using Tuckman’s stages of team development an effective team can easily opposes
ineffective team. These stages are as follows:
 Forming: It is the first stage of team development under which team meets and learn
about different opportunities and challenges and further agree on goals and begins to
tackle the task. An effective team of 1Spatial can easily motivate and focused on
themselves. On the other side an effective team of a company will also perform their task
with an effective way (Mostafa, 2018). While on the other side, for an ineffective time
discussion is he major problem there are a chances they may became motivated but they
are usually relatively uninformed on their best behaviours even at early phases. For
1Spatial, through this way an effective team can easily oppose ineffective team.
 Storming: this is the second stage of team development under which group of both team
start to sort out itself and try to gain their trust but there is a chances of arising conflicts.
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For an effective team, if members of a team will start working together then they achieve
the common goals with easy manner but on the other side if an ineffective team did not
work together and then they also identifies different hierarchy of status or position, then
they did not achieve a common goal. In this stage leaders take decision for the welfare of
a team and they also describe the task to different team members and leaders wants that
their members will start taking decision as per the situation and lead a team in effective
manner. Through this way, member of an effective team members will start opposing
ineffective team and move forward in order to achieve the common goal.
 Norming: It is the third stage under which the team members of an effective team are
start solving conflicts as well as personal clashes between each other so that they start
working together in order to achieve the common goal (Namvar and et.al., 2018). This
only happens when they are aware of the tough competition in market and share a
common goals. In this stage, team members start taking responsibility and have the
ambition to work for the success of a company’s goals. That is the only reason they also
tolerate the whims and fancies of their ineffective team members. While on the other
side, the team members of ineffective team cannot resolve the conflicts and as a result
they will not achieve the common goals. The result is in danger that may be thy are
focused on preventing conflicts so that they are reluctant in order to share the
controversial ideas.
 Performing: It is the fourth stage of Tuckman’s stage of team development under which
they are focus on achieving the common goals. It is that stage where the members are
motivated and have deep knowledge related to their task. Even they are competent and
also able to handle the decision making process without their supervision. Their leaders
are also participating and then the members of a team are taking necessary decisions and
show their high performance (Rock, 2018). In this way they are at the stage under which
they are ready to achieve common goal with their team cooperation. While on the other
side, an ineffective team members cannot solve the conflicts with each other team
members and that is why they are not able to achieve their goals with the cooperation of
team.
 Adjourning: it is the last stage of team development under which an effective team
members can easily attain their common goals and in this stage they start separating with
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their team as they completed their prescribed task. Many team even reaches this stage and
team members who like routine and developed close working relationship with their team
members, colleagues and also find difficult stage in try to overcome those and then they
looks better for their future development. As this stage is the last stage and by following
this stages of team development then 1Spatial will easily achieve their ll defined goals
and try to learn many different things.
By using Tuckman's stages of team development the company easily makes an effective
squad. As this stages are based upon five stages, which helps them to opposed an ineffective
team. Therefore, by applying this theory into the workplace will help to make an effective unit.
Thus, it is also recommended to 1Spatial to use this theory into working area. So that it will help
them to achieve their goals.
M 3
By following the Tuckman’s stages of team development, 1Spatial will easily achieve
their defined goals and objectives (Stoyanov, 2017). As this stage of team development work
with five stages of development then it will help to opposed an ineffective team by creating the
conflicts and personal clashes between them while on the other side, an effective team members
learn different things and try to solve their problem and achieve the defined goals of a company.
LO 4
Presenting the concept and philosophies of organizational behaviour
Through path goal theory, which is entirely based upon the leadership style, 1Spatial can
enhances their employees working performance and try to achieve their all defined goals in
prescribes time. This theory states that leaders of a company should be cooperative and have the
ability to solve all complex problem, they should always motivate their subordinates in order to
make them comfortable within working area (Vasudevan and Mahadi, 2018). It is he task
oriented theory which helps to determine the employee as well as environmental characteristic
and though this leader can select any leadership style and try to solve the complex problem into a
working area. The main motive of this theory is to focus on the motivational factors which are
actually helped to the success of the employees. According to this theory, leaders should opt four
basic types of of leadership style and this are mentioned below:
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 Directive: Under this style, leaders provide guidelines and let their employees know
what they are expecting them in return. Leaders set performance standard for then and try
to measure their performance as well as control the behaviours. This style is exactly the
same as the task oriented ones. The leaders of 1Spatial also assign their employees
related to task and also scheduling and coordinating the work. This style is most effective
only when the people who are working in the company are not sure related to their work.
 Supportive: Under this stage, leaders of a company shows concern to their employees
and makes the work more pleasant for them. Leaders also motivate their employees in
order to do work in more effective way (Wilson, 2018). This style is more affecting at
that time when the situation of task and relationship are physically as well as
psychological challenging. Being friendly with their employees will also help them to
achieve the common goals of the company. This style is exactly the same as the people-
oriented leadership in which he leaders are more concern related to their employees well
being and the welfare of a company.
 Participative: in this leadership style, leaders will share their information to their
employees and also take suggestions to their employees in order to keep them involving
related to the decision making process. Further, they also consult with their subordinates
related to their decision making and keep involving them (Zayas-Ortiz and et.al., 2015).
It is more effective at that time when subordinates are also highly trained and show their
involvedness in the decision making process and for the welfare of a company. Through
this style, all the management as well as employees feels comfort that they are also an
important part of the company.
 Achievement: in this stage, leaders of a company set some challenging goals for their
subordinates or followers. This goals are not set for the person who are already at highest
level of performing and shows confidence in their ability to meet this expectations. This
style is mostly effective in professional work environment such as technical and scientific
environment. Therefore, it is most suitable for 1Spatial because it is also deals with
technical departments.
By this theory, the company can easily develop positive working culture as well as
organizational behaviour and as a result if the leaders opting this leadership style which help
them to achieve all defined goals of a company. Path goal theory also helps leaders to adjust their
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style as per the situation and this will also help to motivate their employees in order to achieve
the common goals in prescribed time. Apart from this, if the company also uses philosophies and
best leadership style then it will help to attain the goals of the company. As this path goal theory
is a task oriented theory which helps to determine the employee as well as environmental
characteristic and though this leader can select any leadership style and try to solve the complex
problem into a working area.
M4
Through the path goal theory, leaders of 1Spatial can also adopt the best leadership style
in order to achieve their common goals of a company. If leaders opt participative leadership style
then it will help them to influence he behaviour in positive way and by involving the employees
into decision making process will help to run in an effective way.
D2
Through tuckman’s theory of team development the company can make their team in an
effective way so that it will help to achieve their common goals (Mostafa, 2018). While on the
other side, through path goal theory, leaders of a company can opt different leadership style
which help to make their employees feel comfortable and also influence the working culture in
positive way. This both help to influence the work place and behaviour in positive way.
CONCLUSION
By summing up this report it has been concluded that organizational culture have their
own importance in 1Spatial. Organizational behaviour helps the company to improve their
performance for their future improvements. Report also concluded that its culture, politics and
power directly influence the individual as well as team behaviour. Through motivation theories
such as Malsow theory help the quoted company to enhances their team performance so that it
will help to raise their productivity as well as company's profitability. In addition to this, report
also concluded tha by using Tuckman’s stages of team development the company makes their
team effective in order to achieve their common goals. By using path goals theory which help to
select best leadership style among many also influence the organizational behaviour in positive
way.
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