Analysis of Leadership Styles and Organizational Performance Report

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behavior and management, focusing on leadership styles and their impact on employee performance and organizational success. The report begins with an introduction to organizational behavior and management, followed by a detailed discussion of three journal articles. The first article, "Reviewing Leadership Styles: Overlaps and the Need for a New ‘Full-Range’ Theory," examines various leadership theories and their overlaps. The second article, "Impact of Leadership Styles on Organisational Performance," investigates the effects of different leadership styles on organizational outcomes. The third article, "Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance," studies the influence of leadership styles on employee behavior and satisfaction. The report compares and contrasts these articles, highlighting key findings and implications. It also explores the practical implications of leadership theories in management and reflects on the importance of leadership in achieving organizational goals. The report concludes by emphasizing the critical role of effective leadership in driving organizational success and fostering positive employee-leader relationships.

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Organizational Behavior and Management
Leadership And Management In Organizations

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1. Introduction
In this report, the concept of organisational behaviour and management will be discussed. For
detailed knowledge and understanding about organisational behaviour and its management in
an organisation, three journal papers related to the topics of research will be discussed deeply.
This report will provide information about various theories given in three journal articles for
understanding concept of the organisational behaviour (Sousa & Rocha, 2019). This report
will make comparison and relation among the three selected articles. This report will discuss
key factors of total three articles. The title of first article is “Reviewing Leadership Styles:
Overlaps and the Need for a New ‘Full-Range’ Theory”, second one is “Impact of Leadership
Styles on Organizational Performance” and the last one is “Effect of Leadership Style on
Employee Performance”. This report will analyse leadership’s styles and their effects on the
employee’s behaviour and the impacts of leadership styles on organisation performance.
2. Overview of Organizational Behavior and Management
An organisation is consisting of various members including various departments like finance,
HR, sales, marketing and technical department. All employees working as staff are lead and
controlled by their leaders (Zhou et al., 2018). These leaders adopt different leadership styles
to improve and mange performance standards of its staff members. Detailed discussion of key
features of the three selected journal articles is as follows;
2.1 Review of Article 1
The title of first journal article is “Reviewing Leadership Styles: Overlap and the need for a
New Full-Range”, written in the year 2017 by Marc and Peter. Peter and Marc have done
detailed research in searching the importance and implications of various leadership theories
in an organisation. This paper gave idea that impact of the leadership style is the central point
of research and organisational behaviour of the employees. This article discusses the
development of unique full-range type of leadership that can help in finding the specialities of
different leadership styles. Leadership they assumed as the key factor to the success of any
plan. Effective leading quality builds relation and feeling of trust among the staff members
and the leaders. Leadership helps leaders in influence of staff’s behaviour to accomplish
common purpose (Anderson & Peter, 2017). This article deeply discusses the benefits of
different leadership styles like Charismatic leadership style, democratic, autocratic, ethical
leadership, authentic and many more. Concept of the first paper is depending on the
similarities and comparison between two leadership styles. Writers had done a detailed
research on the difference in Charismatic and transformational style of leadership. According
to their research Charismatic leadership style is more result oriented with great participation
of the employees. This article discusses the leadership as relations between employees that
are directed by one. Leader tries to make coordination and understanding between employees
to achieve the targeted goal in his supervision. This article discusses various commonly used
styles o of leadership like bureaucratic, autocratic and laissez-faire (Khan et al., 2015). They
have discussed about the numerous approaches to apply most suitable leadership style with
its advantages and disadvantages. This article gives detailed information regarding usefulness
of democratic style; this leadership helps manager to maintain situations among employees.
Effective leadership is helpful in making decisions quickly and more effectively.
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2.2 Review of article 2
This paper is entitled as “Impact of Leadership Styles on Organisational Performance”
written by Al Khajeh in the year of 2018. This paper states that leadership is the key of
failure or success of any organisation because after an effective planning one need more
effective leadership style to move towards the success. This paper gives idea about impact of
leadership on organizational behaviour of the people. This article with the discussion of six
most used leadership styles like transformational, transactional, autocratic, bureaucratic,
charismatic and democratic also discuss the approaches to evaluate the outcome of the
selected leadership styles (Al Khajeh, 2018). Three types of research approaches are
qualitative, quantitative and mixed. In this paper quantitative research is applied as this
research method is useful in identification of relationship between various variables of
employees and leadership styles. In their research they selected secondary method that is
sampling and data collection. This article concluded that every leadership style impact
organisation in both way like positive and negative. Charismatic and bureaucratic leadership
are more suitable for the short term goals and democratic, transformational are suitable for
the long targeted goals of the organisation.
2.3 Review of article 3
The last paper is entitled as “Effect of Leadership Style on Employee Performance” written
by Iqbal, Anwar and Haider in the year of 2015. This research article is a detailed study of
effects of the selected leadership style on employee performance. Writers selected a tractor
company to conduct the research about the effects of leadership styles. The purpose behind
the study was to identify the most suitable leadership style that positively enhances the
performance level of the employees (Iqbal et al., 2015). The main focus of the article is on
the reduction of the employees problems and enhances the level of employees’ satisfaction.
The leadership styles selected in the article are participative, autocratic and democratic.
Characteristics of the selected styles and their impact on the performance are related in
various ways. Research method was quantitative and the sources of data collection for
research were secondary sources including historical records, news-papers and journal
articles on the topic. After studying all facts and causes of employee’s poor performance this
article suggest the best suitable strategies to get employee effectively involved in the
organisational performance. This article suggests using less the autocratic leadership and
more depend on the democratic or participative leadership theory. These two theories are
more relevant with the effective participation of employees and to make the employee
performance more effective.
2.4 Comparison between the selected articles
After detailed study and reviewing the selected article papers, it is identified that all three
articles had included various leadership theories and have deeply evaluated their impact on
the organisation and the performance of the organisational employees (Kerzner, 2017).
From first article, it is observed form reviewing first research article that writers had used all
relevant methods to research like qualitative approach, various methods to improve the
leadership styles, brief review about most famous charismatic and transformational
leadership style and a detailed discussion of overlaps between the leadership styles. First
paper is very profitable and full of information relevant to the implication and suitability of
the leadership theories (Bush et al., 2019). It provides detailed discussion about overlaps
among the different policies and organisation behaviour. Major drawbacks of this paper are;
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lack of appropriate discussion about the leaders facing challenges in selecting appropriate
leadership theory and Full-Range theory is not properly discussed with its application rules.
Second research paper contains detailed theoretical discussion about various leadership styles
with their advantages and disadvantages. A little emphasis is also given on comparison
between different leadership styles. As this research paper is depending on the relationships
between leadership styles and organisational behaviours of an organisation. This article
discusses impact of leadership directly related to the performance of the employee. Several
benefits of this article are that it relates organisation and its performance with nature and
leaderships style of a leader (Jiang & Tahira, 2015). It provides a significant literature review
about difference leadership styles. It had given preference to quantitative design of research.
Only few drawbacks of this paper are lack evaluating negative impact of the charismatic,
transactional and bureaucratic leadership however research results are depending on the
surveys done on the employees’ point of view while ignoring the understanding of leaders’
intention behind implication of any leadership styles.
In the third research, paper there is discussion about theoretical framework of employees
work performance depending on the selected leadership styles. This framework adopts three
leadership styles including democratic, autocratic and participative leadership style. Strong
feature of this article is that this article deeply evaluates effects of leadership style on
different employees’ performance (Reddington et al., 2012). This research paper is beneficial
in many ways like it provide detailed effect of each and every leadership style with negative
impact of every style (Choi et al., 2017). Several snags of this paper are lack of comparison in
detail so it can facilitate reader to understand the most appropriate strategies and this paper
focus on situational leadership theory but it is not applicable in case of long term targeted
goals and changing leadership style can affect the regular behaviour and outcome of the
employees. This article states situational adaption of leadership style and it deals with the
satisfaction of the employees and satisfactory performance from the employees. Major
drawbacks of this paper are that it evaluates workers view for their senior and leaders but
ignoring the point of views from leadership scenario and a les focus is given on the literature
review of the leadership’s styles.
3. Implications of the principles of leadership theories in management
Leadership is a process of involving members in order to achieve goals or targets. Leader
needs to very skilled in order to lead the team effectively. Leader must be sound and active to
make decisions in planning, leader must present a positive result oriented modal of
leadership, leadership must involve each and every person in team and leader should
implicate the leadership principles with sense of responsibility. As a leader one should use
proper means of communication with employees so it can help the organisation to reduce
conflicts and doubts among the employees (Van & van Kleef, 2016). Autocratic leadership
styles are allow leaders to guide the staff with complete power in it. Staffs have no option to
participate in the decision or planning. Bureaucratic style of control asks leaders to make
follow the rules and regulations by the employee rigorously. Charismatic style of leadership
is discussed as negative leadership style in the organisation. Article 4 deals with democratic,
autocratic and participative leadership styles. These leadership styles lead individuals towards
meeting deadlines, achieving departmental and organisational goals. Applying leadership
follows various steps like firstly leader himself observe the scenario, situation and need in
internal and external environment. After successful evaluation leader announce the decision
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and ask team members to cooperate in the achievement of goals by assigning them their
duties. After that, leader is responsible towards the successful implication of the selected
leadership styles (Jyoti & Manisha, 2015).
4. Reflection of leadership
Reflection is practical implication of knowledge one collects from books, journals and
regular lectures. Reflecting includes a link between the learning and the present experience.
Mixture of theoretical knowledge and practical implication results in reflection. The more
senior leader is in the organisation, more he need high to reflect. Leadership is a process of
reflecting the collected sources of data sand knowledge to guide a team of members. This
guided and effectively leaded team reflect the understanding and leading strategies of the
leaders. Leadership is self-motivating processes which reflect the motivational strategies.
Leadership can be applied in moral services, liberalisation and positive ends but sometimes it
ends in unexpected dissatisfaction among employees, mislead and repress. An effective
leadership starts with complete self-awareness (Roupnel et al., 2019). This simply means a
better understanding about self-strengths and weaknesses; selection of modal of leading that
effectively involves all team members and leads the organisation towards success.
5. Conclusion
After detailed study and evaluation of selected journals article this report conclude that
leadership is the most important factor of management in an organisation. Leadership is not a
one way process it is a give and take process where a leader inputs his ideas and knowledge
to lead the employees towards goals achievement. And employees in exchange of guidance
give better outcome to the leaders. This relation of leader and follower is effective when they
both have sufficient trust in each other and involvement in each exercise effectively.
Leadership style selection is not an important task but the effective implication of that
leadership strategy is important in every manner for a leader.
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References
Al Khajeh, E.H., 2018. Impact of leadership styles on organizational performance.
Anderson, H. & Peter, Y.S., 2017. Reviewing leadership styles: Overlaps and the need for a
new ‘full‐range’theory. International Journal of Management Reviews, 19(1), pp.76-96.
http://www.academia.edu/download/54040372/Anderson_et_al-2017-
International_Journal_of_Management_Reviews.pdf
Bush, T., Bell, L. & Middlewood, D., eds., 2019. Principles of Educational Leadership &
Management. 2019th ed. SAGE Publications Limited.
Choi, S.-B., Kim, K. & Kang, S.-W., 2017. "Effects of transformational and shared
leadership styles on employees' perception of team effectiveness. Social Behavior and
Personality: an international journal, 45(3), pp.377-86.
Iqbal, N., Anwar, S. & Haider, S., 2015. Effect of leadership style on employee performance.
Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review, 5(5), pp.1-6.
https://www.omicsonline.org/open-access-pdfs/effect-of-leadership-style-on-employee-
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Jiang, L. & Tahira, M.P., 2015. Do your employees (collectively) trust you? The importance
of trust climate beyond individual trust. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 31(4),
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Jyoti, J. & Manisha, D., 2015. The impact of transformational leadership on employee
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Van, K.D. & van Kleef, G.A., 2016. Leadership and affect: Moving the hearts and minds of
followers. Academy of Management Annals, 10(1), pp.799-840.
Zhou, L. et al., 2018. Visionary leadership and employee creativity in China. International
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