Application of the OSI Reference Model in Organizational Communication

This report provides an overview of the OSI Reference Model and its application within an organizational context. It explains the seven layers of the OSI model, including the Application, Presentation, Session, Transport, Network, Data Link, and Physical layers, detailing their respective functions in facilitating communication and data transfer. The report emphasizes how each layer contributes to secure and efficient information flow within a company, from user interaction to the physical transmission of data. The report also describes the flow of information between different departments and levels within an organization, from managers to executives and employees, highlighting how the OSI model ensures that data is correctly encoded, segregated, and transmitted to the appropriate recipients. The report references the role of the OSI model in maintaining data integrity and controlling network traffic to prevent data leakage.

Networking System

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Table of Contents
OSI Reference Model.............................................................................................................................2
References.............................................................................................................................................4

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OSI Reference Model
In an organisation there is a main idea of communication between entities, the
purpose of communication is information sharing. The distance between entities may be very
less or across different continent. To assure that secure communication takes place, we need
to have protocols. These protocols guide the way of communication, OSI model is one such
protocol (Bassey, Ogbulezie & Effiom, 2016). It stands for open system interconnection
which makes every system to communicate with each other. OSI model divides an
organisation in seven layers each layer as its services. In an organisation they assure an error-
free communication between entities (Fernández, et. al, 2012).
Organisational communication deals with the flow of information in a company. There are
seven layers in OSI; each layer has distinct functions and is linked to each other in some way.
Application Layer- This is layer which helps the user and application can communicate in
the system (Day & Zimmermann, 2010). It provides data to presentation layer. Application
layer on receiving the request from the user traces it and transfer the data to other department.
Like in an organisation the manager receives the order from the client which is future
transferred to the executives of the company.
Presentation Layer- This layer takes care of the format of data packets. It provides code
translation of the data as well as data conversion is done on this layer. It also reduces the bits
of data packets that are transmitted over network (Zimmermann, 2012). In an organisation
there are certain sensitive data that need to be encrypted which is done on this layer.
Executives of the organisation encode the data and only limited data is transferred to future
departments.
Session Layer- It allows users from different machines to create sessions. For example while
doing video chat in an organisation, session layer combines the audio and video stream
(Handel & Sandford, 2010). The session layer sets up and coordinates with the exchange and
terminates conversation. In this the department managers segregates the data according to
their expertise and future represent the data packets to the departments.
Transport Layer- It is the responsibility of network layer that packets reach to correct
destination (Day & Zimmermann, 2010). It ensures that data is transferred completely. In this
layer manager of an organisation spend most of the time coordinating and controlling the
relations among different departments.
Network Layer- It makes sure that data file is delivered to right user, in an organisation
every user is connected to different interface. Thus network layer make connect system of
different networks. It deals with addressing of data as well as controls the congestion on the
network. An organisation as larger number of employees performing certain task over the
network, thus network layer controls the traffic so that data is not leaked. It deals with
sending the data to right employee ad making sure that correct data is shared.

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Data Link Layer- It divides the streams bits received from the network layer. Additionally
provides access to each computer on the network and provides permission to the employees
regarding what files could be viewed and which cannot (Zimmermann, 2012). It is basically
responsible for maintaining authenticity of the organisation. Participates of this layer are who
communicate with the resources effectively and respond to the query.
Physical Layer- The physical layer basically defines the functions that need to be performed
by physical devices. In an organisation it is responsible for moving bits of information from
one person to another (Enders Boer, 2017). It defines in which mode transmission will take
place among employees. These can be seen as a database or files available of the organisation
which is accessed by employees to complete the task.
(Source: https://uomustansiriyah.edu.iq/media/lectures/6/6_2017_03_14!12_04_28_AM.pdf)
But in an organisation takes place in both the directions from supervisors to
employees or from employees to manger. Managers communicate to employees by means by
executive, department managers and future employees to perform a task (de & Enders, 2017).
They pass the information via using theses layers which encode, segregate the data packets.
The information can flow from employees to mangers as they give feedback and ask any
query. Similarly this is not directly transferred to mangers it goes through various layers who
perform their predefined tasks (Handel & Sandford, 2010).
7. MANAGER
6. EXECUTIVES
5. DEPARTMENT
MANAGERS
4. SUPERVISIORS
3. TEAM LEADERS
2. EMPLOYEES
1. DATABASE

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References
Bassey, D. E., Ogbulezie, J. C., & Effiom, E. O. (2016). Local Area Network (Lan) Mock-Up
And The Prevention Of Cybernetics Related Crimes In Nigermills Company Using
Firewall Security Device. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research, 7(3), 1124-1130.
Day, J. D., & Zimmermann, H. (2010). The OSI reference model. Proceedings of the
IEEE, 71(12), 1334-1340.
de Boer, H., & Enders, J. (2017). Working in the Shadow of Hierarchy: Organisational
Autonomy and Venues of External Influence in European Universities. In Managing
Universities(pp. 57-83). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Enders, J., & de Boer, H. (2017). Working in the Shadow of Hierarchy: Organisational
Autonomy and Venues of External Influence.
Fernández, J. F. P., Zamora, C., Gómez, F. M. G., Ruiz, J. A., Guzmán, J. I., Sanzano, R. M.,
& Larumbe, A. M. (2012). U.S. Patent No. 6,377,992. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent
and Trademark Office.
Handel, T. G., & Sandford, M. T. (2010). Hiding data in the OSI network model.
In International Workshop on Information Hiding (pp. 23-38). Springer, Berlin,
Heidelberg.
Zimmermann, H. (2012). OSI reference model--The ISO model of architecture for open
systems interconnection. IEEE Transactions on communications, 28(4), 425-432.