Organizational Behaviour Report: A David & Co Limited, UK Analysis

This report provides an in-depth analysis of organizational behaviour within A David & Co Limited, a UK-based food and beverage company. The report examines the influence of organizational culture, including power, role, task, and person cultures, on individual and team performance, highlighting both positive and negative impacts. It also explores the role of politics and power dynamics within the organization. Furthermore, the report evaluates the role of motivation, applying Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and expectancy theory to understand how A David & Co Limited motivates its employees to achieve organizational goals. The report also discusses effective team cooperation and applies key concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour to the company's operations, providing a comprehensive overview of the factors influencing employee behaviour and organizational success.

Organization and Behaviour

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
LO-1 Analysing the influence of culture, politics and power on others in A David & Co
Limited...................................................................................................................................1
LO-2 Evaluating role of motivation to achieve goals within A David & Co Limited.........4
LO-3 Demonstrating effective team cooperation within A David & Co Limited :...............6
LO-4 Applying concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour to A David & Co
Limited...................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour refers to the study of an individual at micro level, team work at
meso- level and the nature of an organisation at macro- level. Moreover, OB is the study of an
individual that is employee's and organisation. Organisational behaviour includes an effective
management of team that identifies the behaviour of a person in team Moreover, A David & Co
Limited. company is specialized in providing goods and services in terms of food and beverages
in UK country. Further, this. is a trustworthy organisation that offers fruit and vegetables. This is
a top level brand which delivers fresh food like bread and beverages at appropriate time in the
market. A David & Co Limited. deal in vegetables and fruits according to different seasons and
sell it at wholesale rates. In this report, the influence of an organisational culture on an
individual and on team behaviour will be shown. Motivational theory applied in A David & Co
Limited is discussed below. Lastly, co-operation among employee's and philosophies of
organisational behaviour is discussed in the report.
MAIN BODY
LO-1 Analysing the influence of culture, politics and power on others in A David & Co Limited.
Influence of culture: To understand the influence of a culture on an individual behaviour and on
team performance in the organisation, Handy model is described below:
Power culture: A David & Co Limited. adopted this handy culture that involves the power part
of an organisation. This power is allotted to few persons in an organisation which influences the
other members also. Moreover, there are rules and policies followed in the power culture that
have influence on individual and team performance (Furnham, 2012). This power culture has
positive effect on an individual as they are motivated for working more in the company. This is a
strong and powerful culture which influences decision making process of a leader and manager
in the company. Power is radiated in the company as they can make decisions, lead the people in
positive way. This type of power culture is identified in an entrepreneurial that performs at
higher level in the market. In addition to this, the process of making decisions fluctuates over the
time period. Further, A David & Co Limited. adopted the Handy model as its power culture in
the Company is highly centralized and supportive that influences the performance of an
individual and on team members. The members are co-ordinated in team with the help of this
culture (Huczynski, Buchanan and Huczynski, 2013). If the leader misuses their power by
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harassing their employee's or does not satisfies their needs, then it negatively effects on
individual's behaviour. Moreover, this demotivate the employee's which results in lack of better
performance in the company.
Role Culture: As per this, A David & Co Limited. follows rules and regulations for maintaining
their culture in the organisation. It influences an individual and on team performance as all the
members are highly controlled by this role culture. The power of this culture in Handy is
specified by the position and status of person's in A David & Co Limited. that influences others.
The organization adapted Handy model in which Role culture plays a vital role. All the detail
information about company is identified by this task. (Gallistel, 2013). Moreover, role culture
helps in motivating an individual and team members which influences on their performance at
workplace. In addition to this, this culture is steady and flexible for encouraging an individual
and team to work effectively in the organisation. Moreover, through policies and rules that are
adapted by the A David & Co Limited it helps in performing effectively and in standardized
manner. The nature of role culture in this firm is stable due to the leaders who are highly
focused in developing the uniqueness and superiority of an individual and team. In addition to
this, the organisational performance is improved and the value of A David & Co Limited is
increased through this role culture. As the behaviour and nature of this part is predictable, it is
helpful in identifying the nature of an individual and of the team (Lee-Ross and Lashley, 2012).
This influences them in working with more efficiency and power in this company.
Task Culture: In addition to this culture, the team is organized to specify the issues and
difficulties in the ongoing projects of A David & Co Limited. Company. This part is important as
the power of an individual depends on the project and task allotted to the people in the team of
this organisation. The task culture helps in proving the team and group effective which is
reflected from their performance. Moreover, it helps in identifying the weakness of an individual
and group which should be improved. Task culture influences an individual and team
performance as they are motivated to work efficiently. Further it helps in identifying their
weaknesses in the firm. In addition to this, the leadership, skills and personalities of an individual
is reflected from their task performance (Miller and Rice, 2013). In A David & Co Limited., task
culture is having high influence on the group members as they are co-ordination well. The
members in team are effectively guided as they need to improve their negative points. The task
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culture also helps in maintaining the trust in the team which influences each and every
individual's in organisation.
Person Culture: In this, it reflects the culture and behaviour of an individual in the company
Moreover, each and every person in A David & Co Limited. are involved in person culture that
helps in maintaining their standard towards the company (Clegg, 2013). They make people to
work in a group with mutual understanding and cooperation to achieve goals and objectives.
Further, it also makes an individual more collective and efficient at the workplace.
Influence of politics:
In A David & Co Limited, there are many factors of politics which influences the
performance of an individual and team member in the company. This may effect in positive
manner as it helps in motivating employee's in the firm. This also results in increasing the
productivity of this organisation. But it may result in negative that people are demotivated at
workplace.
Demotivation: In this structure of political influences, people are demotivated as they are unable
to work with efficiency. This may have effect on operational activities that changes decisions
widely (Kohonen, 2012). Additionally, the environment is corrupted and the employees are not
given much freedom in A David & Co Limited. As a result, demotivated worker's reduces the
productivity and standard of the business.
Wrong information: Due to the influence of political reviews, few people involved in activities
like providing wrong information to the employee's that takes them to wrong path. This does not
support in securing the interest of their worker's and team members. Moreover, this influences on
their behaviour in the A David & Co Limited.
Influence of power:
In context of influencing people that is individual, team behaviour and on performance in
terms of power, it reflects negatively or positively on others in A David & Co Limited.
Moreover, power culture has influenced positively on others as it helps in making them to work
collaboratively in group (Temminck, Mearns and Fruhen, 2015). In negative terms, the decisions
are taken such that it pressurize the employee's and reduces their interest for performing better
and effective.
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LO-2 Evaluating role of motivation to achieve goals within A David & Co Limited.
The motivation is an important tool which helps in achieving long term goals and also
brings effectiveness in the A David & Co Limited. Moreover, the team and an individual are
encouraged to work more and maintain the standard of the company in the market. In addition to
this, the culture of firm becomes healthy and powerful due to motivational employee's. They are
physically and mentally motivated in A David & Co Limited., by adapting Maslow's Hierarchy
of Needs theory and different techniques. Further it helps in achieving goals at higher level in
industry.
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs:
In this theory, A David & Co Limited. performs as per five steps from bottom to top level
in the firm to motivate the employee's and further helps in achievement of higher goals and
objectives.
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Illustration 1: Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
Source: (McLeod, 2018)

 Physiological needs: The first step shows the requirements and needs of workers to
survive and has to be satisfied by A David & Co Limited (Hakansson, 2014). Moreover,
these basic things involve shelter, clothing, food, sleep, warmth and many more. If these
basics needs are satisfied than people are motivated to work efficiently and results in
higher productivity. According to this theory, this all are the primary and important
needs that has to be satisfied at initial stage to achieve goals and objectives in industry.
 Safety needs: In context to this needs, A David & Co Limited. adapted this theory as
they satisfy the people's need in order to achieve higher aims and goals. The safety needs
of employees are satisfied by securing them from harmful things (McLeod, 2018). If this
needs are fulfilled they are motivated at workplace that results in better performance
level of company. This safety needs can also be in terms of laws, stability and free from
any fear in A David & Co Limited. Love and belongingness needs: When the above two needs are satisfied, the third
requirement of an individual is to be satisfied socially. Moreover, it includes the feelings
and regards to their belongingness in the company (Trybou and et.al., 2014). The
humans are motivated towards their work if they are satisfied by their relations with
other people in the company. Friendship, trust, acceptance, love and affection, intimacy
and many more are the examples of love and belongingness needs which has to be
satisfied in order to achieve objectives in A David & Co Limited. Esteem needs: In addition to this needs, an individual need is divided in two parts that
can be, respect for themselves and esteem from others. Maslow’s theory of motivation
involves that the respect or esteem from others is significant to everyone which helps in
achievement of aims in A David & Co Limited. The respect in terms of dignity and
status should be well satisfied.
 Self-actualization needs: Lastly, the human needs in Maslow's theory that A David & Co
Limited adapted includes their potential and desire that they want to be in future. Their
self-actualization need refers to personal growth, capability, experiences and fulfilment.
In this context they desire to be at top most level which shows their capability in
industry. This results in motivating employees to achieve aims of the company (Pradhan,
Jena and Kumari, 2016). Moreover, the Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory is very
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significant and flexible that motivates an individual in order to achieve higher goals and
aims of A David & Co Limited.
Moreover, the process based theory is a rational process which helps in motivating
employee's in the company. As per this theory, the individual's developed their feelings and
reactions in every situation. The main theory of process is expectancy which helps in evaluating
outcomes of each employee's in the company. Expectancy theory is very important in terms of
motivation. Moreover, this is a part of decision making process which helps in evaluating the
efforts of an individual's outcomes in the company. In addition to this, this theory helps in
showing the future potential and outcomes in their performance. This is a perspective that helps
in assuming about future results as a realistic expectancy. It also helps in identification of an
individual's confidence in their capability to work in A David & Co Limited.
Process theory of motivation : One of the important process theory is Vroom expectancy theory.
Vroom expectancy theory -
It divides efforts from motivation, result and performance. It assumes that, behaviour of
employees is the result of the choice among various alternatives that helps to maximize pleasure
and reduce pain. According to this theory, the performance of workers of the firm is based on
various factors such as skills, experience, knowledge and abilities etc. The main variables used in
the theory are instrumentality, expectancy and valence etc.
Expectancy variable says that, more efforts will result in improved performance and it is affected
by resources, skills etc. Instrumentality is the belief that if employee perform well result will be
received. Valence is the value provided by worker to outcome.
Motivational techniques:
To increase the motivation of an individual at workplace A David & Co Limited. ,
Adapted various techniques in the firm. Additionally, it raises the morale and improves the
performance level of employee's. Set goals: To establish the professional aims and goals helps in motivating the
employee's in A David & Co Limited. Moreover, goals must be reasonable that benefits
the firm and also encourages the workers to improve performance level in industry. Positive environment: The company must provide healthy and better atmosphere at
workplace that helps in motivating their employee's (Shah and Wati Halim, 2018). In
addition to this, the positive behaviour of an individual and team reflects in their work
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that helps in performing well. This also encourages employees of A David & Co Limited.
in working independently without any pressure.
 Incentives: One of the technique of motivating employee's is to provide incentives to
people for their better work in A David & Co Limited. Moreover, it can be provided in
terms of cash prizes, certificates, gifts, week off and many more to an individual or team
that encourages worker’s for performing well.
LO-3 Demonstrating effective team cooperation within A David & Co Limited :
An effective team has the clear goal to achieve in the company as compared to ineffective group
that does not have the clear perspective of achieving higher goals in company. Moreover, in A
David & Co Limited. the team that pursues common aim and has efficient employee's makes the
team successful and significant.
Effective team: The people working in the team co-operates with other members in team to
achieve common goal and aims in A David & Co Limited (Young and et.aL., 2015). They
emphasize on making changes that is important to make the team performance more effective
and better in firm. In addition to this, the conflicts are solved by their mutual co-operation which
results in higher productivity and profitability. Effective team member participates in every
discussion which is reasonable to every individual. They reach to the target by convincing each
member in team by mutual co-operation and through logical conversations in A David & Co
Limited. Moreover, using the situational leadership thinking, it helps in making the team more
enhanced and effective. Additionally, it includes many members that lead the group in different
situations with appropriate leadership in company (Sridhar and Thiruvenkadam, 2014). All
individual's in this effective team contributes equally and assesses their own progress in terms of
achieving high goals and objectives. Situational leadership: In addition to this, A David & Co Limited. adapted situational
leadership theory to make team more effective. This includes various member with
mutual understanding and also contributes equally in completion of task on appropriate
time.
 Freedom: Moreover, in the concept of freedom people are free to work independently
and can lead their team to be more effective and enhanced. In addition to this, they do
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not have any pressure and they work with full attention for achieving higher goals in A
David & Co Limited.
Ineffective team: The people in every team of A David & Co Limited. who are not eligible and
brings conflict in group makes it ineffective (Welford, 2016). In order to complete task, they
lack in creating positive environment and this results in less productivity and profitability.
Although, the destructive problems arise due to which people are demotivated in A David & Co
Limited. Lastly, there is huge difference between effective and ineffective team which are as
under:
Basis Effective Team Ineffective Team
Aims In this team the clear image to
achieve goals is understood
and set by all the individual's.
It is difficult to understand the
task and lack in achieving aims
on time.
Listening Every member listen to each
other in order to make it
effective team.
In this team, people ideas are
avoided and do not listen to
each other.
Contribution Of Member's Each and every individual
contributes equally to
participate in debate to achieve
goals in A David & Co
Limited.
There are few people in this
team who participates in the
discussions.
Leadership In this team, chairperson leads
people in positive way that
does not leads to any
domination.
The people are dominated by
each other and appropriate
leadership style is not used
over the time.
Division of labor Clear and proper notes are
prepared in order to divide the
work among team members in
A David & Co Limited.
There is no clear vision and
actions which results in in-
equal division of labor.
Decision making process To make team more effective Every member do not agree
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the decisions are undertaken
with mutual co-operation.
with each other and decisions
are performed prematurely in
the company.
The above discussions in difference to effective team and ineffective team reflects in
positive and negative ways. Moreover, people contributes mutually and agrees to each other
decisions which makes the team enhanced and effective. In addition to this group in A David &
Co Limited is attentive in their own operational activities. But comparing to ineffective team,
they ignore other decisions and focuses on their own safety (Blyton and et.al., 2017). Lastly, the
main difference between them is that effective team is open and genuine in A David & Co
Limited. But ineffective team flows backward and is not open for everyone to communicate
easily. A Moreover, it creates destructive conflicts in this firm.
LO-4 Applying concepts and philosophies of organizational behaviour to A David & Co
Limited.
Organizational behaviour is based on various philosophies and concepts which reflects
the nature of company and the thoughts of every individual. This is based on the path goal theory
which specifies leadership style of A David & Co Limited. Additionally, this theory helps in
making the environment of workplace positive and leads to achieve the higher goals in industry.
This theory also tends to increase motivation and satisfaction level of each and every member in
A David & Co Limited.
There are several models and theories which can be used and applied by David & Co
Limited which includes path goal theory and autocratic model.
Autocratic Model: This is a model that depends upon strength power and formal authority. In an
autocratic organisation, the management who manages the tasks in an organization must have a
formal authority for the purpose of controlling the employees who are working under them. This
model gives the owners and managers the power to dictate and forms decisions while making
employees obey their orders. This model assess that employees are to instructed and motivated to
perform while the managers and authority power has the right to give the command to people.
Employers gets less wages as they are less skilled and their performance is also minimum. Hence
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this is a important theory which is to be understand by David & Co Limited in order to achieve
organizational objectives and understand organizational behaviour.
Path goal theory: This concept helps leader of the company in setting goals and objectives and
also to guide the people in positive way which makes A David & Co Limited more effective and
successful (Srivastava and Madan, 2016). As this model is adapted by this company they aim at
motivating people which results in higher productivity and profitability. In addition to this, the
path goal theory helps in satisfying all the employee's by fulfilling their needs at the workplace.
Further, the empowerment of the worker's is increased which helps in making them more
efficient and supportive to others. This theory also identifies the conflicts, issues of an individual
and team members and further resolves it over time period in A David & Co Limited (Origins &
Theory, 2015). However, it helps in selecting effective leadership style which includes mainly
four types in it.
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Directive leadership: This style helps leaders in leading people with the clear objective
of firm. Moreover, they are aware about the task performance and hence, complete it
before the deadline. The directive leadership applied in A David & Co Limited by the
leaders provide better and effective information in order to guide them genuinely and
honestly (Furnham, 2012). This theory results positively in A David & Co Limited., and
increases it's productivity and profitability. In terms of motivating people of company
this style is significant and applicable. Additionally, if the workers is not experienced and
are new in company then this directive leadership supports in guiding them at initial stage
of performance.
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Illustration 1: Path-Goal Theory
Source:( Origins & Theory,2015)

 Supportive leadership: The leaders of A David & Co Limited. Company are very
attentive and supports employee's in fulfilling their needs and requirements at workplace.
Moreover, they are motivated and encouraged to work more effectively in the company.
This also reflects high performance level of A David & Co Limited. However, this style
supports in solving personal issues like demotivation in firm and ineffectiveness in their
performance.
 Achievement- oriented leadership: In this style of leadership the leaders accepts
various challenges and motivate their workers for achieving the same goals in A David &
Co Limited (Huczynski, Buchanan and Huczynski, 2013). This leadership style is
suitable to an individual's who are eligible in achieving aims independently and is able to
solve their issues. Participative leadership: This style helps leaders in working with their employee's
which also includes the thoughts and ideas of both which helps in achieving high goals
and objectives of A David & Co Limited. However, if the workers are highly efficient
and experts then this style is selected by leaders in the firm.
Objectives: The main aim of this theory adapted by A David & Co Limited is to motivate
employee's for working more which results in higher productivity and profitability of the
company (Gallistel, 2013). The leadership style is selected by company's leader according to
various situations like capability and efficiency of individual. Moreover, leaders main aim is to
solve issues of worker's which leads in attainment of all the objectives in A David & Co Limited.
Behaviour: The main element of Path Goal theory is motivation that leads all the employees at
higher level in A David & Co Limited. Moreover, the behaviour of this concept depends on how
the leaders motivate their people by rewarding them positively. In addition to this, they set the
clear and effective vision that leads to higher productivity of firm. They trained their employee's
and guide on the correct path by motivating them genuinely (Lee-Ross and Lashley, 2012).
According to this theory, leaders are highly focused on above four types of leadership styles and
perform to achieve mutual goal in the team.
Efficiency level: As the company A David & Co Limited. Has adapted the concept and
philosophy of Path Goal theory it helps in achieving higher efficiency level. The leaders
motivate their employee's towards working more that reflects in higher performance level in the
company. As per this theory, the efficiency level of an individual and of team is achieved which
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results in better productivity. Further, the healthy and positive environment of company is
created which impacts on every member to work effectively (Miller and Rice, 2013). The leaders
are highly concentrated and effective in satisfying employee's need and requirement in A David
& Co Limited. Considering all its four styles, leaders focus on removing negative factors and
support worker's for achieving goals and objectives with best and efficient work.
Moreover, the Path-Goal theory adapted by A David & Co Limited. helps in identifying
and understanding the efficient leadership styles applied in various conditions.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it can be concluded that person culture highly influences an
individual, team behaviour and on their performance in A David & Co Limited. as all the
members are involved in achieving effectiveness of the company. Further, political views also
have influence on others as they are misguided through wrong information at the workplace.
This also results in demotivation of an individual and team which does not makes business more
enhanced. Additionally, to motivate employee's A David & Co Limited adapted Maslow's
Hierarchy of Needs theory in which physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem and
self-actualization needs are identified in their firm. It is also analysed that effective team is
highly efficient with mutual understanding and cooperation in their work to achieve high goals in
A David & Co Limited. Lastly, it can be concluded that A David & Co Limited Applied Path-
Goal theory that helps in selecting effective leadership style to their company.
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