Organizational Behaviour: Sainsbury's Culture, Motivation, and Teams

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of organizational behaviour, using Sainsbury's as a case study. It examines the influence of organizational culture, politics, and power on individual attributes, including classifications of culture, the importance of cultural-difference awareness, and the application of Hofstede's dimensions. The report delves into motivational theories, differentiating between extrinsic and intrinsic motivation and exploring content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's motivation theory. Process theories, such as expectancy and equity theory, are also discussed. Furthermore, it explores the dynamics of organizational teams, various team types, the impact of technology on team dynamics, and the significance of teamwork, providing a detailed understanding of how these elements contribute to organizational success. The report aims to encourage individuals and groups to accomplish goals within the organization.

Organisational
Behaviour

Organizational attributes is sated as learning of individual and group attitudes in an
organization. It is very essential to study organizational behaviour so that productive results can
be attained easily. Every organization study behaviour of their employees so that strategies can
be framed accordingly in order to retain them fore longer time duration in the working premises.
Proper training should be provided to the client so that their attributes can be modified
accordingly (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2019). In order to complete the project Sainsbury is
undertaken. It is a leading supermarket in UK. It came into creation in the year 1869 as
partnership. The founder of the organization are John James Sainsbury and the CEO is Mike
Coupe. This successful organization is located in London, United Kingdom. This assignment
covers influence of organisation's culture, politics and power on the attributes of individuals.
Along with this theories and techniques of motivation are deeply illustrated so as to encourage
the workers to perform better in the working environment.
LO 1
Influence of firm's culture, politics and power at work place.
Influence of culture In the competitive world human resources plays an crucial role in
the sustainability of a enterprise within firm. However, overall performance are greatly affected
by the firm's culture, politics and power in the open market place. Firm's top level management
keep eye on the culture so that necessary modifications can be done and set goals can be attained
easily. The impact of these component on individuals are showcased under:
Classification of culture : It refers to as shared beliefs, vision, values, norms and so on.
That measures working style of the firm within working premises. Below are the points
classified of culture as follows:
 Power culture : In single hand power of culture is concentrated. It build tension and
frustration among staff members.
 Role culture : In the working premises power is measured by the position and
responsibilities of the person and is extremely controlled. Task culture : In this case, power shifts among members depending on the status of the
project.
Importance of cultural-difference awareness : Sainsbury is a leading supermarket in
which numerous people from distinguish background are recruited. The wide range of
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differences in cultures creates differences in their visions, expectations and values. All this
aspects need to be identified earlier so that differences can be determined by management before
designing firm's policies. This aid in eliminating conflicts and uplifting workers satisfaction in
order to attain competitive advantage.
Hofstede's dimensions of culture theory and its application : Geert Hofstede is the
founder of this theory. It used to interpret cross-culture communication. The six dimensions of
Hofstede's dimensions of culture are illustrated as under:
 Power distance : It is acceptable to the stage to which difference and power are
supported and viewpoints of less powerful people are measured.
 Individualism vs. Collectivism : Here, it is stated to that level of degree to that
community are united into team.
 Uncertainty avoidance index : This is acceptable to the extent at which uncertainty and
avoidance are tolerated.
 Masculinity vs. Femininity : This accepts the preference of society for sexual equality,
attributes and so on.
 Indulgence vs. Restraint : This view how the community can control their impulses and
needs.
Organisational psychology :
In order to raise the overall performance of employees organizational psychology is implemented
in the working premises. By this job satisfaction level is raised to a large extent. By doing so set
goals and objectives of the firm are attained in the set time duration. Additionally it also leads in
enhancing healthy and safety of the employees in order to retain the skilled and capable
employees in the organization for longer time duration. It is done by upgrading training
practices, feedbacks practices and recruiting practices designed by top level management.
Influence of politics : Business associates are motivated to reach out to their desire
outcomes when are influenced by politics. This is because it is the use of social networking,
power and authority in an organization. By this staff members are motivated to work hard day
and night to meet the set goals and objective. Additionally, along with positive side it has some
negative aspects like it cut down the overall productivity and profitability ratio. However, by this
act skilled workers working in the firm gets demotivated and politics spoils the positive
environment in the working premises.
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Influence of power : In this particular case employees are encouraged to some the task
for which they are not interested. Top level management use their power on the staff members
and push them to complete the assign work even if they are not willing to perform it.
Power as a property viewpoint: Here, it includes employees endurance, energy and so
on as it measures their capability and ability regarding concentration of accomplishing set
standards in effective manner. Moreover, power as a property viewpoint directly or indirectly
assist in creating relationship with co-workers and totally depends on the extent to which this
can be applied in the firm's working place.
Types of power :
 Reward power : Management reward their staff members for their work work so as to
motivate them to perform more better as compare to earlier.
 Coercive power : In the working place this particular power is adopted when staff
members are not ready to perform the task as they are not interested in it.
 Legitimate power : In the competitive world individual uses this power in order to tackle
and handle the business activities .
 Expert power : In order to lead and manage a team or group members expert power is
widely used in the working premises.
LO 2
Encourage individuals and group to accomplish goals
Motivational theories: This theory is implemented in the firm as they assist in
encouraging staff members to work properly so as to attain the set standards. Organization is
beneficial by this organization as this theory directly helps in uplifting job satisfaction level due
to which overall productivity and profitably ratio raises to a large extent.
Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation :Extrinsic motivation push the co-workers to work
hard in such a way that they can either receive a reward in the working premises from their
management side. Whereas, intrinsic motivation push a individual to do something because it
personally rewards the person. In extrinsic motivation someone else push the employees to do
better work while in case of intrinsic motivation comes from within .
(Hall and et. al., 2016).
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Content theories : In this case, subordinates need and preferences changes with time .
However, content theory directly or indirectly assist in identifying those factors which influence
their need in the open market place. Below are briefly explained some of the content theories
which are illustrated as under:
 Maslow's hierarchy of needs : Abraham Maslow has given this theory which explains
that staff members needs can be categorized into hierarchically based on their level of
necessity.
Source : Our Hierarchy of Needs, 2012
1. Psychological needs : In this case basic needs are full-filled like, food, water, shelter and
clothes. All this can be meet by acquiring basic pay from the organisation in which they
are working day and night.
2. Safety needs : This need can be meet which the basic needs are easily full-filled. It
involves safety of job, health, clean working environment and so on. All this can be done
by following all employee legislations effectively.
3. Social needs : Here, healthy relations are build in order to be a part of social environment.
4. Esteem needs : This is affiliated with remembering and getting respect and appraised
based on their performance.
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Illustration 1: Our Hierarchy of Needs .2012

5. Self-actualisation needs : It is concerned with personal growth and development in order
to make them satisfied with their jobs.
 Herzberg motivation theory : It illustrated that there are two factors in a firm that can
be adjusted in order to encourage its employees in the working premises. Some of this
factors are showcased as under :
1. Motivators : Staff members are encouraged to work harder by their presence (Kitchin,
2017).
2. Hygiene : The deficiency in this factors demotivate the worker due to which productivity
of the co-workers reduces to a large extent.
Process theories : It directly or indirectly impact the behaviour employees and push them
to full-fill their task in the set deadline. However, it is associated with thought process of staff
members that impact their attributes while accomplishing the assigned task.
 The expectancy theory : Victor Vroom has invented this theory and declare that co-
workers are motivated if they are provided incentives, rewards and other benefits for their
performance in the working premises. By this employees will be completely satisfied
with their job role and will not switch to other firm.
 The equity theory : John Stacy Adams has given this theory and this great personality
stated that equality in the working premises motivate employees at tremendous scale. By
conducting fair treatment and providing equal opportunities for the employees despite of
any gender aid them to retain for longer time duration.
 Locke's goal setting theory : This particular theory state that feedbacks and review
plays significant role in motivating and uplifting staff members overall workforce
efficiency.
LO 3
Cooperation with others in an organisation
Types of organisational teams : In order to accomplish the assigned work distinguish
types of team are designed by the management so that work can be completed in the set deadline.
Types of organizational teams are illustrated as under:
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 Department team : This type of team in the company mainly focus on on-going projects
and are permanent. The team members in this particular department mainly focus on area
of of expertise.
 Problem-solving team : In the firm this type of team is made to solve particular issues
and later they are abolished from the company.
 Virtual team : It is another type of organizational teams it is formulated beyond
geographic boundaries. The group members are more interested in interacting with
digitally.
 Cross-functional teams : In this case, various departments functions are integrated in
order to meet the set goals and objectives. Self-managed team : In this type of organization team group members has ability to take
decision. Along with this they apply their skills to meet the set targets in the allotted
deadline.
Impact of technology on organisational teams : By adopting modern tools and
techniques in the working premises they have uplifted the communication between team
members . With the help of emailing, Skype video and so on relevant information is circulated
among the team mates in order to come up with better results. Modern tools and techniques has
directly or indirectly enhanced team members skills and competencies to a large extent which is
a positive mark for them. The loop holes of the employees are improved by tracing their earlier
records and making strategies to overcome them. However, advance technology assist in
collaborating among team members. Additionally, technology aid in widening the networking so
that staff member can easily and comfortably interact with each other without any difficulty. The
ideas and information can be exchanged among team mates easily among geographical area
(Robertson, 2016).
Team dynamics and teamwork : People involved in team from various background
directly influence attributes of team members to a large extent. Also, impact the overall team
performance. Dynamics in the team or group greatly affect team performance and the direction
of their assigned task.
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Basis Group Team
Definition It is stated as accumulation of people
who are attached with each other either
by some exchanged activity, quality or
idea.
Team is explained as group of
individual came together in order to
complete the assigned task in the set
time frame.
Goal Group are not assigned any duties as well
as common goal are not exchanged with
each other.
Team are allotted certain roles and
responsibilities because they need to
complete the task in the set time
duration.
Relation They are unfamiliar with each other but
are independent in nature.
In team everyone is well-aware about
each others positive and negative side.
As well as people in team are dependent
on each other.
Tuckman's team development model : The four phases of Tuckman's team development
model are illustrated as under:
 Forming :While completing the work team members get to understand each other much
better.
 Storming : As various personality and background of people are working under one roof
in order to complete the work in the set time span. So there are chances of raising mis-
understanding and conflict among the employees.
 Norming : With the phase of time team members gradually build faith among each other
and design the plan for the completion of project. Performing : While performing the assigned work in the set deadline gradually conflict
gets reduced and productive outcomes are attained.
Belbin's typology : This particular theory makes employees distinguish from one
another. Belbin's typology directly assist in formulating better team by considering their skills
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and competencies. There are two aspects like shaper and implementer who helps them to gain
better results in the open market place. Implementer alter the idea or thought into action so that
work can be completed in systematic order. Whereas, shaper are those who guide the staff
members to accomplish the task in proper manner.
Benefits and risks of teams: In an organization team work jointly in order to achieve the
set goals and objective in the set time span. The assigned task gets delay as team members are
interdependent on each other. Due to which issue and conflict raised to a large extent and work is
not completed in the set deadline.
Conflict resolution : In an organization conflict emerged among the team mates can be
resolved by adopting effective leadership style. By this staff members are encouraged to perform
better so that competitive advantages can be attained against rivalry. The issues can be solved
easily by implementing democratic leadership style. In this style employees are involved in the
decision making process so that employees can be assured that they are valuable assets of the
firm.
LO 4
Concepts and philosophies of organisational behaviour
Path goal theory : In this particular theory Sainsbury management identify ways to
motivate their skilled teammates to perform better. By this set goals and objectives can be
attained easily. Path goal theory concentrates on uplifting employees strengths so that they are
able to provide productive results as compare to rivalry. By adopting this theory the chances of
raising overall workforce efficiency of employees raises as this theory clearly state staff
members what is to be done (Walker and Aritz, 2015).
Leadership styles: Below are explained leadership style in path goal theory which are as
follows:
 Directive leadership : It is used in the working premises of Sainsbury when the task is
completed in nature and workers are less skilled and carry null experience in the assigned
work. Leaders guide the team mates accordingly so that task can be accomplished in
systematic manner in the set deadline. As proper guidance is provided the chances of
error is reduced.
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 Participative leadership : Here, all the group members are skilled and hold required
experience. They are mostly engaged in finding out ways and methods to meet the set
goals and objectives. Along with this by scanning the environment plans are designed in
order to meet the project requirement.
Participative leadership theory is adopted by Sainsbury as it aid in enhancing overall workforce
efficiency of the staff members as well as motivates to meet the set standards in proper manner.
Situational resistance : This leadership is executed in the organization when group
members are guided towards specific situation. By this leaders can easily tackle their
When the team members are to be directed in certain situations, leaders adopt situational
leadership so as to manage the team members in a particular situation.
Contingency theory : This particular theory define that there is no specific way or
method to organize, manage, coordinate and lead a firm. The decision taken by the management
totally depends on the emerging condition in the open market place.
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion it can be concluded that how organization's culture, team
behaviour and performance can be improved. By studying all this aspects in the working
premises best outcomes can be attained as compare to rivalry. Distinguish motivation theories
are studied in order to achieve set standards in the set time span. There are various motivational
theories available but management need to adopt the most suitable theory in order to hold back
skill and competent employees over the years.. Brief explanation of effective team to an
ineffective team is studied in order to make necessary improvements. Several theories are
applied in an administration so that leadership can be improved accordingly. Additionally, staff
members are impelled and directed towards accomplishing goals and objectives of the firm.
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